diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index f3b6baed..7b3eb20c 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
 !/tests/widget-system/auth-source-contract.test.cjs
 !/tests/widget-system/user-badges-contract.test.cjs
 !/tests/widget-system/user-features-contract.test.cjs
+!/tests/widget-system/asset-ledger-contract.test.cjs
+!/tests/asset-ledger/
+!/tests/asset-ledger/*.php
 !/tests/visual/docker-compose.zibll.yml
 !/tests/visual/zibll-Caddyfile
 !/tests/visual/README.md
@@ -48,6 +51,7 @@ assets/admin/.vite-temp/
 
 # Temporary / recovery helpers
 restore-helper-monoliths.php
+/.phpunit.cache/
 
 # OS / editor noise
 .DS_Store
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/api/index.js b/assets/admin/src/api/index.js
index be925358..c8fbbf28 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/api/index.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/api/index.js
@@ -12,6 +12,21 @@ import { apiMethods } from './modules/index.js'
 const API_ROOT = window.aksrtAdminData?.apiUrl || '/wp-json/aksrt/v1'
 const NONCE = window.aksrtAdminData?.nonce || ''
 
+function createIdempotencyKey() {
+  if (typeof crypto !== 'undefined' && typeof crypto.randomUUID === 'function') {
+    return crypto.randomUUID()
+  }
+  if (typeof crypto === 'undefined' || typeof crypto.getRandomValues !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error('当前浏览器无法生成安全操作标识')
+  }
+  const bytes = new Uint8Array(16)
+  crypto.getRandomValues(bytes)
+  bytes[6] = (bytes[6] & 0x0f) | 0x40
+  bytes[8] = (bytes[8] & 0x3f) | 0x80
+  const hex = Array.from(bytes, (byte) => byte.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('')
+  return `${hex.slice(0, 8)}-${hex.slice(8, 12)}-${hex.slice(12, 16)}-${hex.slice(16, 20)}-${hex.slice(20)}`
+}
+
 function normalizeDomainKey(domain) {
   return String(domain || 'global').trim().replace(/-/g, '_')
 }
@@ -85,6 +100,7 @@ function joinRestUrl(baseUrl, endpoint) {
 class ApiClient {
   constructor() {
     this.baseUrl = API_ROOT
+    this.pendingIdempotencyKeys = new Map()
   }
 
   normalizeDomainKey(domain) {
@@ -138,11 +154,22 @@ class ApiClient {
       finalBody = JSON.stringify(body)
     }
 
+	const isWrite = method !== 'GET' && method !== 'HEAD'
+	const suppliedKey = headers?.['Idempotency-Key'] || headers?.['idempotency-key'] || ''
+	const idempotencySignature = isWrite ? `${method}:${url}:${finalBody ?? ''}` : ''
+	const idempotencyKey = isWrite && !suppliedKey
+	  ? (this.pendingIdempotencyKeys.get(idempotencySignature) || createIdempotencyKey())
+	  : suppliedKey
+	if (isWrite && !suppliedKey) {
+	  this.pendingIdempotencyKeys.set(idempotencySignature, idempotencyKey)
+	}
+
     const config = {
       method,
       headers: {
         'Content-Type': 'application/json',
         'X-WP-Nonce': NONCE,
+		...(idempotencyKey ? { 'Idempotency-Key': idempotencyKey } : {}),
         ...headers,
       },
       ...rest,
@@ -174,6 +201,9 @@ class ApiClient {
         throw new Error(msg)
       }
 
+		if (idempotencySignature !== '') {
+		  this.pendingIdempotencyKeys.delete(idempotencySignature)
+		}
       return data
     } catch (error) {
       console.error(`[API Error] ${endpoint}:`, error)
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/api/modules/users.js b/assets/admin/src/api/modules/users.js
index b9aed5e6..60f2f5c7 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/api/modules/users.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/api/modules/users.js
@@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ export const usersApiMethods = {
     return this.request('/identity/settings/test', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(data) })
   },
 
-  getCreditSettings() { return this.request('/credits/settings') },
-  saveCreditSettings(data) { return this.request('/credits/settings', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(data) }) },
+	getCreditSettings() { return this.request('/assets/settings') },
+	saveCreditSettings(data) { return this.request('/assets/settings', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(data) }) },
   listCreditUsers(params = {}) {
     const qs = new URLSearchParams(params).toString()
-    return this.request('/credits/users' + (qs ? `?${qs}` : ''))
+		return this.request('/assets/accounts' + (qs ? `?${qs}` : ''))
   },
-  adjustUserCredits(id, delta, reason) {
-    return this.request(`/credits/users/${id}/adjust`, { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ delta, reason }) })
+	adjustUserCredits(id, asset, delta, remark) {
+		return this.request(`/assets/accounts/${id}/adjust`, { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ asset, delta, remark }) })
   },
   getCreditLog(params = {}) {
     const qs = new URLSearchParams(params).toString()
-    return this.request('/credits/log' + (qs ? `?${qs}` : ''))
+		return this.request('/assets/transactions' + (qs ? `?${qs}` : ''))
   },
 }
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/pages/CmsCredits.vue b/assets/admin/src/pages/CmsCredits.vue
index f77b92e0..34933637 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/pages/CmsCredits.vue
+++ b/assets/admin/src/pages/CmsCredits.vue
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <template>
   <div class="aksrt-page-container">
-    <h2 class=”aksrt-page-title”>积分配置</h2>
-    <p class=”aksrt-page-desc”>
-      配置积分规则与发放策略。可自定义货币名称（如”金币”、”魔石”等）。用户余额与手工调整已迁移到 WordPress 原生”用户”菜单中管理。
+    <h2 class="aksrt-page-title">积分配置</h2>
+    <p class="aksrt-page-desc">
+      配置积分规则与发放策略。可自定义货币名称（如”金币”、”魔石”等）。用户余额与手工调整在 WordPress 原生”用户”菜单中管理。
     </p>
 
     <n-card class="aksrt-section-card">
@@ -23,6 +23,35 @@
       </n-form>
     </n-card>
 
+    <n-card title="统一资产账本" class="aksrt-section-card">
+      <n-space vertical :size="12">
+        <n-space wrap>
+          <n-select v-model:value="ledgerFilters.asset" :options="assetOptions" clearable placeholder="资产" style="width: 130px" />
+          <n-input v-model:value="ledgerFilters.transaction_id" placeholder="交易号" clearable style="width: 130px" />
+          <n-input v-model:value="ledgerFilters.operation_key" placeholder="幂等键" clearable style="width: 240px" />
+          <n-input v-model:value="ledgerFilters.ref_type" placeholder="引用类型" clearable style="width: 130px" />
+          <n-input v-model:value="ledgerFilters.ref_key" placeholder="引用键" clearable style="width: 180px" />
+          <n-input v-model:value="ledgerFilters.actor_user_id" placeholder="操作者 ID" clearable style="width: 130px" />
+          <n-button type="primary" :loading="ledgerLoading" @click="searchLedger">查询</n-button>
+          <n-button @click="resetLedger">重置</n-button>
+        </n-space>
+        <n-data-table
+          :columns="ledgerColumns"
+          :data="ledgerRows"
+          :loading="ledgerLoading"
+          :row-key="row => row.id"
+          :scroll-x="1600"
+          size="small"
+        />
+        <n-pagination
+          v-model:page="ledgerPage"
+          :page-count="ledgerPageCount"
+          :page-size="20"
+          @update:page="loadLedger"
+        />
+      </n-space>
+    </n-card>
+
     <n-card class="aksrt-section-card">
       <div class="aksrt-section-header"><h3>每日签到</h3></div>
       <n-form :model="cfg.daily_signin" label-placement="left" label-width="200" class="aksrt-form">
@@ -97,7 +126,7 @@
         <n-form-item :label="`默认积分价参考（${cfg.currency_name || '积分'}）`">
           <n-input-number v-model:value="cfg.download_default_cost" :min="0" :max="100000" />
           <template #feedback>
-            <span class="aksrt-hint-text">兼容字段。实际价格以文章「付费内容设置」的积分价/现金价为准；下载解锁走收银台订单，不按次扣费。</span>
+            <span class="aksrt-hint-text">实际价格以文章「付费内容设置」的积分价或现金价为准；下载解锁走收银台订单，不按次扣费。</span>
           </template>
         </n-form-item>
       </n-form>
@@ -135,10 +164,88 @@ const cfg = reactive({
 })
 const streakJson = ref('{}')
 const saving = ref(false)
+const ledgerLoading = ref(false)
+const ledgerRows = ref([])
+const ledgerPage = ref(1)
+const ledgerPageCount = ref(1)
+const ledgerFilters = reactive({
+  asset: null,
+  transaction_id: '',
+  operation_key: '',
+  ref_type: '',
+  ref_key: '',
+  actor_user_id: '',
+})
+const assetOptions = [
+  { label: '积分', value: 'points' },
+  { label: '余额', value: 'balance' },
+]
+const ledgerColumns = [
+  { title: '交易号', key: 'transaction_label', width: 100, fixed: 'left' },
+  { title: '幂等键', key: 'operation_key', width: 260, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
+  { title: '资产', key: 'assets_label', width: 100 },
+  { title: '原因', key: 'reason', width: 150, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
+  { title: '业务引用', key: 'reference_label', width: 200, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
+  { title: '操作者', key: 'actor_label', width: 100 },
+  { title: '增减 / 手续费', key: 'delta_label', width: 180, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
+  { title: '变动后余额', key: 'balance_label', width: 150, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
+  { title: '备注', key: 'remark', width: 180, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
+  { title: 'UTC 时间', key: 'created_at', width: 190 },
+]
+
+function formatAssetValue(asset, value) {
+  if (asset === 'balance') return typeof value === 'string' && /^[+-]?\d+\.\d{2}$/.test(value) ? value : '0.00'
+  const raw = String(value ?? '0')
+  return /^-?\d+$/.test(raw) ? raw : '0'
+}
+
+async function loadLedger() {
+  ledgerLoading.value = true
+  try {
+    const params = { page: ledgerPage.value, per_page: 20 }
+    Object.entries(ledgerFilters).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+      if (value !== null && String(value).trim() !== '') params[key] = value
+    })
+    const response = await api.getCreditLog(params)
+    const data = response?.data || response || {}
+    ledgerRows.value = (data.items || []).map((row) => {
+      const entries = Array.isArray(row.entries) ? row.entries : []
+      return {
+        ...row,
+        transaction_label: `#${row.id}`,
+        assets_label: (row.assets || []).join(' / '),
+        reference_label: [row.ref_type, row.ref_key].filter(Boolean).join(':') || '—',
+        actor_label: row.actor_user_id ? `#${row.actor_user_id}` : '系统',
+        delta_label: entries.map((entry) => {
+          const value = formatAssetValue(entry.asset, entry.delta)
+          const signed = entry.asset === 'points' && !value.startsWith('-') && value !== '0' ? `+${value}` : value
+          return `${entry.asset}:${signed}`
+        }).join('；'),
+        balance_label: entries.map((entry) => `${entry.asset}:${formatAssetValue(entry.asset, entry.balance_after)}`).join('；'),
+      }
+    })
+    ledgerPageCount.value = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(Number(data.total || 0) / Number(data.per_page || 20)))
+  } catch (e) {
+    message.error(e.message || '加载账本失败')
+  } finally {
+    ledgerLoading.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+function searchLedger() {
+  ledgerPage.value = 1
+  loadLedger()
+}
+
+function resetLedger() {
+  Object.assign(ledgerFilters, { asset: null, transaction_id: '', operation_key: '', ref_type: '', ref_key: '', actor_user_id: '' })
+  searchLedger()
+}
 
 async function loadCfg() {
   try {
-    const data = await api.getCreditSettings()
+    const response = await api.getCreditSettings()
+    const data = response?.data || response || {}
     Object.assign(cfg, data)
     streakJson.value = JSON.stringify(cfg.daily_signin?.streak || {}, null, 0)
   } catch (e) {
@@ -163,5 +270,6 @@ async function saveCfg() {
 
 onMounted(() => {
   loadCfg()
+  loadLedger()
 })
 </script>
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/pages/content/NotificationCenterSettings.vue b/assets/admin/src/pages/content/NotificationCenterSettings.vue
index e108dfcf..9693cad2 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/pages/content/NotificationCenterSettings.vue
+++ b/assets/admin/src/pages/content/NotificationCenterSettings.vue
@@ -22,10 +22,16 @@
             <n-switch v-model:value="settings.enabled_types.download_ready" />
           </n-form-item>
           <n-form-item label="积分增加通知">
-            <n-switch v-model:value="settings.enabled_types.credits_added" />
+            <n-switch v-model:value="settings.enabled_types.asset_points_increase" />
           </n-form-item>
           <n-form-item label="积分扣减通知">
-            <n-switch v-model:value="settings.enabled_types.credits_deducted" />
+            <n-switch v-model:value="settings.enabled_types.asset_points_decrease" />
+          </n-form-item>
+          <n-form-item label="余额增加通知">
+            <n-switch v-model:value="settings.enabled_types.asset_balance_increase" />
+          </n-form-item>
+          <n-form-item label="余额扣减通知">
+            <n-switch v-model:value="settings.enabled_types.asset_balance_decrease" />
           </n-form-item>
           <n-form-item label="邮箱待验证提醒">
             <n-switch v-model:value="settings.enabled_types.verify_email" />
@@ -90,8 +96,10 @@ const settings = reactive({
     comment_reply: true,
     comment_approved: true,
     download_ready: true,
-    credits_added: true,
-    credits_deducted: true,
+    asset_points_increase: true,
+    asset_points_decrease: true,
+    asset_balance_increase: true,
+    asset_balance_decrease: true,
     verify_email: true,
     pending_comments: true,
     upload_moderation: true,
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentChargeCard.vue b/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentChargeCard.vue
index c9b0c19d..cbd4032c 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentChargeCard.vue
+++ b/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentChargeCard.vue
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@
           <n-select v-model:value="createForm.type" :options="typeOptions" />
         </n-form-item>
         <n-form-item label="卡密">
-          <n-input v-model:value="createForm.code" placeholder="手动填写唯一卡密" />
+          <n-input v-model:value="createForm.password" placeholder="手动填写唯一卡密" />
         </n-form-item>
         <n-form-item v-if="createForm.type === 'balance'" label="面额">
-          <n-input-number v-model:value="createForm.amount" :min="0.01" :precision="2" style="width: 100%;" />
+		  <n-input v-model:value="createForm.amount" inputmode="decimal" placeholder="例如 10.00" />
         </n-form-item>
         <n-grid v-if="createForm.type === 'vip'" cols="2" :x-gap="12">
           <n-grid-item>
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
           </n-grid-item>
           <n-grid-item v-if="batchForm.type === 'balance'">
             <n-form-item label="面额">
-              <n-input-number v-model:value="batchForm.amount" :min="0.01" :precision="2" style="width: 100%;" />
+			  <n-input v-model:value="batchForm.amount" inputmode="decimal" placeholder="例如 10.00" />
             </n-form-item>
           </n-grid-item>
           <n-grid-item v-if="batchForm.type === 'credits'">
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ const filters = reactive({
 
 const createForm = reactive({
   type: 'balance',
-  code: '',
-  amount: 10,
+  password: '',
+	amount: '10.00',
   level: 1,
   days: 30,
   points: 100,
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ const createForm = reactive({
 const batchForm = reactive({
   type: 'balance',
   count: 20,
-  amount: 10,
+	amount: '10.00',
   level: 1,
   days: 30,
   points: 100,
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ const pagination = computed(() => ({
 
 const columns = [
   { title: 'ID', key: 'id', width: 70 },
-  { title: '卡密', key: 'code', minWidth: 170, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
+	{ title: '卡密', key: 'password', minWidth: 170, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
   {
     title: '类型',
     key: 'type_label',
@@ -408,9 +408,8 @@ async function handleCreate() {
       method: 'POST',
       data: {
         type: createForm.type,
-        code: createForm.code,
-        password: createForm.code,
-        amount: createForm.amount,
+        password: createForm.password,
+        amount: String(createForm.amount ?? ''),
         level: createForm.level,
         days: createForm.days,
         points: createForm.points,
@@ -420,7 +419,7 @@ async function handleCreate() {
     })
     message.success('充值卡已创建')
     createVisible.value = false
-    createForm.code = ''
+    createForm.password = ''
     createForm.note = ''
     await loadData()
   } catch (error) {
@@ -438,7 +437,7 @@ async function handleBatchCreate() {
       data: {
         type: batchForm.type,
         count: batchForm.count,
-        amount: batchForm.amount,
+        amount: String(batchForm.amount ?? ''),
         level: batchForm.level,
         days: batchForm.days,
         points: batchForm.points,
@@ -461,7 +460,7 @@ async function handleBatchCreate() {
 function handleDisable(row) {
   dialog.warning({
     title: '确认禁用',
-    content: `确定要禁用充值卡 ${row.code} 吗？`,
+		content: `确定要禁用充值卡 ${row.password} 吗？`,
     positiveText: '禁用',
     negativeText: '取消',
     onPositiveClick: async () => {
@@ -488,7 +487,7 @@ async function handleExport() {
     const header = ['ID', '卡号', '面额', '余额', '状态', '使用人', '创建时间', '过期时间', '备注']
     const lines = items.map((row) => [
       row.id,
-      row.code,
+		row.password,
       row.amount,
       row.balance,
       row.status_label,
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentRebate.vue b/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentRebate.vue
deleted file mode 100644
index abbd969c..00000000
--- a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentRebate.vue
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,315 +0,0 @@
-<template>
-  <div class="aksrt-page-container">
-    <PageHeader title="返佣管理" desc="按状态、类型和时间筛选返佣记录，自定义列展示并在详情中查看处理历史。" />
-
-    <div class="aksrt-rebate-page__stats">
-      <n-card v-for="card in statCards" :key="card.key" size="small">
-        <n-statistic :label="card.label" :value="stats[card.key] || 0" />
-      </n-card>
-    </div>
-
-    <n-card size="small" title="筛选与列控制">
-      <n-space vertical :size="12">
-        <n-grid cols="1 s:2 m:5" :x-gap="12" :y-gap="12" responsive="screen">
-          <n-grid-item>
-            <n-input v-model:value="filters.keyword" clearable placeholder="搜索订单号、用户、备注" />
-          </n-grid-item>
-          <n-grid-item>
-            <n-select v-model:value="filters.status" :options="statusOptions" placeholder="状态" />
-          </n-grid-item>
-          <n-grid-item>
-            <n-select v-model:value="filters.type" :options="typeOptions" placeholder="类型" />
-          </n-grid-item>
-          <n-grid-item>
-            <n-date-picker v-model:value="filters.dateRange" type="daterange" clearable style="width: 100%;" />
-          </n-grid-item>
-          <n-grid-item>
-            <n-space>
-              <n-button type="primary" @click="handleSearch">筛选</n-button>
-              <n-button @click="resetFilters">重置</n-button>
-            </n-space>
-          </n-grid-item>
-        </n-grid>
-
-        <n-checkbox-group v-model:value="visibleColumnKeys">
-          <n-space wrap>
-            <n-checkbox v-for="column in columnChoices" :key="column.value" :value="column.value">
-              {{ column.label }}
-            </n-checkbox>
-          </n-space>
-        </n-checkbox-group>
-      </n-space>
-    </n-card>
-
-    <n-card class="aksrt-rebate-page__card" size="small" title="返佣台账">
-      <n-data-table
-        :columns="tableColumns"
-        :data="rows"
-        :loading="loading"
-        :bordered="false"
-        :pagination="pagination"
-        :row-key="(row) => row.id"
-      />
-    </n-card>
-
-    <RebateDetailDrawer
-      v-model:show="drawerVisible"
-      :rebate-id="currentRebateId"
-      @updated="loadData"
-    />
-  </div>
-</template>
-
-<script setup>
-import { computed, h, onMounted, reactive, ref } from 'vue'
-import { NButton, NSpace, NTag, useMessage } from 'naive-ui'
-import api from '@/api'
-import PageHeader from '@/components/PageHeader.vue'
-import RebateDetailDrawer from './components/RebateDetailDrawer.vue'
-
-const message = useMessage()
-const loading = ref(false)
-const rows = ref([])
-const drawerVisible = ref(false)
-const currentRebateId = ref(null)
-
-const stats = reactive({
-  total: 0,
-  pending: 0,
-  settled: 0,
-  total_amount: 0,
-  settled_amount: 0,
-})
-
-const filters = reactive({
-  keyword: '',
-  status: '',
-  type: '',
-  dateRange: null,
-})
-
-const pager = reactive({
-  page: 1,
-  pageSize: 20,
-  itemCount: 0,
-})
-
-const optionsState = reactive({
-  statuses: [],
-  types: [],
-})
-
-const statCards = [
-  { key: 'total', label: '总记录' },
-  { key: 'pending', label: '待结算' },
-  { key: 'settled', label: '已结算' },
-  { key: 'total_amount', label: '总返佣' },
-  { key: 'settled_amount', label: '已结算金额' },
-]
-
-const statusOptions = computed(() => optionsState.statuses.length
-  ? optionsState.statuses
-  : [
-      { label: '全部状态', value: '' },
-      { label: '待结算', value: 'pending' },
-      { label: '已结算', value: 'settled' },
-      { label: '已取消', value: 'cancelled' },
-    ])
-
-const typeOptions = computed(() => optionsState.types.length
-  ? optionsState.types
-  : [
-      { label: '全部类型', value: '' },
-      { label: '订单返佣', value: 'order' },
-    ])
-
-const columnChoices = [
-  { label: '来源用户', value: 'source_user' },
-  { label: '创建时间', value: 'created_at' },
-  { label: '结算时间', value: 'settled_at' },
-  { label: '备注', value: 'note' },
-  { label: '处理记录数', value: 'history_count' },
-]
-
-const visibleColumnKeys = ref(['source_user', 'created_at', 'settled_at', 'history_count'])
-
-const baseColumns = computed(() => {
-  const columns = [
-    { title: 'ID', key: 'id', width: 70 },
-    { title: '订单号', key: 'order_number', minWidth: 180, ellipsis: { tooltip: true } },
-    {
-      title: '返佣对象',
-      key: 'user',
-      width: 160,
-      render: (row) => row.user?.display_name || '-',
-    },
-    {
-      title: '返佣金额',
-      key: 'amount',
-      width: 100,
-    },
-    {
-      title: '状态',
-      key: 'status',
-      width: 100,
-      render: (row) => {
-        const typeMap = { pending: 'warning', settled: 'success', cancelled: 'default' }
-        return h(NTag, { size: 'small', round: true, type: typeMap[row.status] || 'default' }, () => row.status_label)
-      },
-    },
-    {
-      title: '类型',
-      key: 'type',
-      width: 100,
-      render: (row) => row.type_label || row.type,
-    },
-  ]
-
-  if (visibleColumnKeys.value.includes('source_user')) {
-    columns.push({
-      title: '来源用户',
-      key: 'source_user',
-      width: 160,
-      render: (row) => row.source_user?.display_name || '-',
-    })
-  }
-
-  if (visibleColumnKeys.value.includes('created_at')) {
-    columns.push({ title: '创建时间', key: 'created_at', width: 170 })
-  }
-
-  if (visibleColumnKeys.value.includes('settled_at')) {
-    columns.push({
-      title: '结算时间',
-      key: 'settled_at',
-      width: 170,
-      render: (row) => row.settled_at || '-',
-    })
-  }
-
-  if (visibleColumnKeys.value.includes('note')) {
-    columns.push({
-      title: '备注',
-      key: 'note',
-      minWidth: 160,
-      ellipsis: { tooltip: true },
-      render: (row) => row.note || '-',
-    })
-  }
-
-  if (visibleColumnKeys.value.includes('history_count')) {
-    columns.push({ title: '处理记录数', key: 'history_count', width: 100 })
-  }
-
-  columns.push({
-    title: '操作',
-    key: 'actions',
-    width: 120,
-    render: (row) => h(NSpace, { size: 'small' }, () => [
-      h(NButton, {
-        size: 'tiny',
-        type: 'primary',
-        quaternary: true,
-        onClick: () => openDrawer(row.id),
-      }, () => '详情'),
-    ]),
-  })
-
-  return columns
-})
-
-const tableColumns = computed(() => baseColumns.value)
-
-const pagination = computed(() => ({
-  page: pager.page,
-  pageSize: pager.pageSize,
-  itemCount: pager.itemCount,
-  showSizePicker: true,
-  pageSizes: [10, 20, 50, 100],
-  onUpdatePage: (page) => {
-    pager.page = page
-    loadData()
-  },
-  onUpdatePageSize: (pageSize) => {
-    pager.pageSize = pageSize
-    pager.page = 1
-    loadData()
-  },
-}))
-
-onMounted(() => {
-  loadData()
-})
-
-function formatDateValue(value) {
-  const date = new Date(value)
-  const year = date.getFullYear()
-  const month = `${date.getMonth() + 1}`.padStart(2, '0')
-  const day = `${date.getDate()}`.padStart(2, '0')
-  return `${year}-${month}-${day}`
-}
-
-function buildParams() {
-  const params = {
-    page: pager.page,
-    per_page: pager.pageSize,
-  }
-  if (filters.keyword) params.keyword = filters.keyword
-  if (filters.status) params.status = filters.status
-  if (filters.type) params.type = filters.type
-  if (Array.isArray(filters.dateRange) && filters.dateRange.length === 2) {
-    params.date_from = formatDateValue(filters.dateRange[0])
-    params.date_to = formatDateValue(filters.dateRange[1])
-  }
-  return params
-}
-
-async function loadData() {
-  loading.value = true
-  try {
-    const res = await api.request('/payment/rebate/log', { params: buildParams() })
-    const data = res?.data || {}
-    rows.value = data.items || []
-    pager.itemCount = data.total || 0
-    Object.assign(stats, data.stats || {})
-    optionsState.statuses = data.options?.statuses || []
-    optionsState.types = data.options?.types || []
-  } catch (error) {
-    message.error(error?.message || '加载返佣台账失败')
-  } finally {
-    loading.value = false
-  }
-}
-
-function handleSearch() {
-  pager.page = 1
-  loadData()
-}
-
-function resetFilters() {
-  filters.keyword = ''
-  filters.status = ''
-  filters.type = ''
-  filters.dateRange = null
-  pager.page = 1
-  loadData()
-}
-
-function openDrawer(id) {
-  currentRebateId.value = id
-  drawerVisible.value = true
-}
-</script>
-
-<style scoped>
-.aksrt-rebate-page__stats {
-  display: grid;
-  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(160px, 1fr));
-  gap: 12px;
-  margin-bottom: 16px;
-}
-
-.aksrt-rebate-page__card {
-  margin-top: 16px;
-}
-</style>
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentRevenue.vue b/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentRevenue.vue
index 2a0e12e1..22aedd20 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentRevenue.vue
+++ b/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/PaymentRevenue.vue
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
             </div>
             <n-empty v-else size="small" description="暂无数据" />
             <div class="aksrt-revenue__chart-summary">
-              <span>期间总计: <strong>{{ formatAmount(group.total, group.key) }}</strong></span>
+			  <span>期间总计: <strong>{{ formatAmount(group.total, group.key) }}</strong></span>
               <span>共 {{ group.count }} 笔</span>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
           </n-grid-item>
           <n-grid-item>
             <div class="aksrt-revenue__stat">
-              <strong>{{ withdrawalStats.total_paid.toFixed(2) }}</strong>
+			  <strong>{{ formatAmount(withdrawalStats.total_paid, 'cash') }}</strong>
               <p>已提现 (元)</p>
             </div>
           </n-grid-item>
@@ -106,16 +106,21 @@ import { ref, computed, onMounted } from 'vue'
 import PaymentSectionPage from '@/pages/payment/PaymentSectionPage.vue'
 import api from '@/api'
 
-const emptyCurrencyStats = () => ({ total: 0, pending: 0, settled: 0, count: 0 })
-const revenueStats = ref({ cash: emptyCurrencyStats(), points: emptyCurrencyStats() })
-const withdrawalStats = ref({ total: 0, pending: 0, processing: 0, completed: 0, rejected: 0, total_paid: 0 })
+const emptyCurrencyStats = (currency) => ({
+  total: currency === 'cash' ? '0.00' : 0,
+  pending: currency === 'cash' ? '0.00' : 0,
+  settled: currency === 'cash' ? '0.00' : 0,
+  count: 0,
+})
+const revenueStats = ref({ cash: emptyCurrencyStats('cash'), points: emptyCurrencyStats('points') })
+const withdrawalStats = ref({ total: 0, pending: 0, processing: 0, completed: 0, rejected: 0, total_paid: '0.00' })
 const timeSeries = ref({ cash: [], points: [] })
 const granularity = ref('day')
 
 const revenueSummary = computed(() => [
-  { key: 'cash-total', value: `${revenueStats.value.cash.total.toFixed(2)} 元`, label: '现金总收益' },
-  { key: 'cash-pending', value: `${revenueStats.value.cash.pending.toFixed(2)} 元`, label: '现金待结算' },
-  { key: 'cash-settled', value: `${revenueStats.value.cash.settled.toFixed(2)} 元`, label: '现金已结算' },
+	{ key: 'cash-total', value: `${formatAmount(revenueStats.value.cash.total, 'cash')} 元`, label: '现金总收益' },
+	{ key: 'cash-pending', value: `${formatAmount(revenueStats.value.cash.pending, 'cash')} 元`, label: '现金待结算' },
+	{ key: 'cash-settled', value: `${formatAmount(revenueStats.value.cash.settled, 'cash')} 元`, label: '现金已结算' },
   { key: 'cash-count', value: revenueStats.value.cash.count, label: '现金收益笔数' },
   { key: 'points-total', value: `${formatAmount(revenueStats.value.points.total, 'points')}`, label: '积分总收益' },
   { key: 'points-pending', value: `${formatAmount(revenueStats.value.points.pending, 'points')}`, label: '积分待结算' },
@@ -134,21 +139,44 @@ const timeSeriesGroups = computed(() => [
     label: '积分收益',
     items: Array.isArray(timeSeries.value.points) ? timeSeries.value.points : [],
   },
-].map((group) => ({
-  ...group,
-  total: group.items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + Number(item.amount || 0), 0),
-  count: group.items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + Number(item.count || 0), 0),
-})))
+].map((group) => {
+	const totalMinor = group.items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + amountMinor(item.amount, group.key), 0n)
+	return {
+		...group,
+		total: formatMinor(totalMinor, group.key),
+		count: group.items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + Number(item.count || 0), 0),
+	}
+}))
 
 const hasTimeSeries = computed(() => timeSeriesGroups.value.some((group) => group.items.length > 0))
 
 function formatAmount(amount, currency) {
-  return currency === 'points' ? `${Number(amount || 0).toFixed(0)} 积分` : `¥${Number(amount || 0).toFixed(2)}`
+	return currency === 'points'
+		? `${formatMinor(amountMinor(amount, currency), currency)} 积分`
+		: `¥${formatMinor(amountMinor(amount, currency), currency)}`
+}
+
+function amountMinor(amount, currency) {
+	const raw = String(amount ?? '').trim()
+	if (currency === 'points') return /^\d+$/.test(raw) ? BigInt(raw) : 0n
+	const match = /^(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:\.(\d{1,2}))?$/.exec(raw)
+	return match ? (BigInt(match[1]) * 100n) + BigInt((match[2] || '').padEnd(2, '0') || '0') : 0n
+}
+
+function formatMinor(minor, currency) {
+	if (currency === 'points') return String(minor)
+	return `${minor / 100n}.${String(minor % 100n).padStart(2, '0')}`
 }
 
 function getBarHeight(amount, items) {
-  const maxAmount = Math.max(1, ...items.map((item) => Number(item.amount || 0)))
-  return Math.max(2, (Number(amount || 0) / maxAmount) * 100)
+	const currency = items === timeSeries.value.points ? 'points' : 'cash'
+	const maxAmount = items.reduce((max, item) => {
+		const current = amountMinor(item.amount, currency)
+		return current > max ? current : max
+	}, 0n)
+	if (maxAmount <= 0n) return 2
+	const scaled = Number((amountMinor(amount, currency) * 10000n) / maxAmount) / 100
+	return Math.max(2, scaled)
 }
 
 function formatLabel(date) {
@@ -170,8 +198,8 @@ async function loadRevenue() {
     if (res?.data) {
       if (res.data.revenue) {
         revenueStats.value = {
-          cash: { ...emptyCurrencyStats(), ...(res.data.revenue.cash || {}) },
-          points: { ...emptyCurrencyStats(), ...(res.data.revenue.points || {}) },
+		  cash: { ...emptyCurrencyStats('cash'), ...(res.data.revenue.cash || {}) },
+		  points: { ...emptyCurrencyStats('points'), ...(res.data.revenue.points || {}) },
         }
       }
       if (res.data.withdrawal) {
@@ -181,7 +209,7 @@ async function loadRevenue() {
           processing: Number(res.data.withdrawal.processing || 0),
           completed: Number(res.data.withdrawal.completed || 0),
           rejected: Number(res.data.withdrawal.rejected || 0),
-          total_paid: Number(res.data.withdrawal.total_paid || 0),
+		  total_paid: String(res.data.withdrawal.total_paid || '0.00'),
         }
       }
       timeSeries.value = {
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/components/ChargeCardDetailDrawer.vue b/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/components/ChargeCardDetailDrawer.vue
index 552ade6d..d0094a87 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/components/ChargeCardDetailDrawer.vue
+++ b/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/components/ChargeCardDetailDrawer.vue
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
       <n-spin :show="loading">
         <template v-if="detail.card">
           <n-descriptions bordered :column="1" size="small" label-placement="left">
-            <n-descriptions-item label="卡号">{{ detail.card.code || '-' }}</n-descriptions-item>
+            <n-descriptions-item label="卡密">{{ detail.card.password || '-' }}</n-descriptions-item>
             <n-descriptions-item label="面额">{{ detail.card.amount || 0 }}</n-descriptions-item>
             <n-descriptions-item label="余额">{{ detail.card.balance || 0 }}</n-descriptions-item>
             <n-descriptions-item label="状态">{{ detail.card.status_label || detail.card.status }}</n-descriptions-item>
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/components/RebateDetailDrawer.vue b/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/components/RebateDetailDrawer.vue
deleted file mode 100644
index a61b2596..00000000
--- a/assets/admin/src/pages/payment/components/RebateDetailDrawer.vue
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-<template>
-  <n-drawer :show="show" :width="720" @update:show="$emit('update:show', $event)">
-    <n-drawer-content title="返佣详情" closable>
-      <n-spin :show="loading">
-        <template v-if="detail.record">
-          <n-descriptions bordered :column="1" size="small" label-placement="left">
-            <n-descriptions-item label="订单号">{{ detail.record.order_number || '-' }}</n-descriptions-item>
-            <n-descriptions-item label="返佣对象">{{ detail.record.user?.display_name || '-' }}</n-descriptions-item>
-            <n-descriptions-item label="来源用户">{{ detail.record.source_user?.display_name || '-' }}</n-descriptions-item>
-            <n-descriptions-item label="返佣金额">{{ detail.record.amount || 0 }}</n-descriptions-item>
-            <n-descriptions-item label="类型">{{ detail.record.type_label || detail.record.type }}</n-descriptions-item>
-            <n-descriptions-item label="状态">{{ detail.record.status_label || detail.record.status }}</n-descriptions-item>
-            <n-descriptions-item label="创建时间">{{ detail.record.created_at || '-' }}</n-descriptions-item>
-            <n-descriptions-item label="结算时间">{{ detail.record.settled_at || '-' }}</n-descriptions-item>
-          </n-descriptions>
-
-          <div class="aksrt-rebate-drawer__section">
-            <div class="aksrt-rebate-drawer__title">备注</div>
-            <n-alert type="info" :show-icon="false">
-              {{ detail.record.note || '暂无备注' }}
-            </n-alert>
-          </div>
-
-          <div class="aksrt-rebate-drawer__section">
-            <div class="aksrt-rebate-drawer__title">处理记录</div>
-            <div v-if="detail.history?.length" class="aksrt-rebate-drawer__timeline">
-              <div v-for="(entry, index) in detail.history" :key="index" class="aksrt-rebate-drawer__timeline-item">
-                <div class="aksrt-rebate-drawer__timeline-head">
-                  <strong>{{ entry.event || '-' }}</strong>
-                  <span>{{ entry.time || '-' }}</span>
-                </div>
-                <p>{{ entry.note || '无备注' }}</p>
-                <small>{{ entry.operator_name || '系统' }}</small>
-              </div>
-            </div>
-            <n-empty v-else description="暂无处理记录" />
-          </div>
-
-          <div v-if="detail.record.status === 'pending'" class="aksrt-rebate-drawer__section">
-            <div class="aksrt-rebate-drawer__title">处理返佣</div>
-            <n-space vertical :size="12">
-              <n-input
-                v-model:value="form.note"
-                type="textarea"
-                :rows="3"
-                placeholder="记录结算说明或取消原因"
-              />
-              <n-space>
-                <n-button type="primary" :loading="submitting === 'settle'" @click="handleAction('settle')">
-                  结算返佣
-                </n-button>
-                <n-button type="warning" secondary :loading="submitting === 'cancel'" @click="handleAction('cancel')">
-                  取消返佣
-                </n-button>
-              </n-space>
-            </n-space>
-          </div>
-        </template>
-
-        <n-empty v-else description="暂无返佣详情" />
-      </n-spin>
-    </n-drawer-content>
-  </n-drawer>
-</template>
-
-<script setup>
-import { reactive, ref, watch } from 'vue'
-import { useMessage } from 'naive-ui'
-import api from '@/api'
-
-const props = defineProps({
-  show: { type: Boolean, default: false },
-  rebateId: { type: [Number, String], default: null },
-})
-
-const emit = defineEmits(['update:show', 'updated'])
-const message = useMessage()
-const loading = ref(false)
-const submitting = ref('')
-const detail = ref({ record: null, history: [] })
-const form = reactive({ note: '' })
-
-watch(
-  () => [props.show, props.rebateId],
-  async ([visible, id]) => {
-    if (visible && id) {
-      await loadDetail()
-    }
-    if (!visible) {
-      detail.value = { record: null, history: [] }
-      form.note = ''
-    }
-  },
-)
-
-async function loadDetail() {
-  if (!props.rebateId) {
-    return
-  }
-
-  loading.value = true
-  try {
-    const res = await api.request(`/payment/rebate/${props.rebateId}`)
-    detail.value = res?.data || { record: null, history: [] }
-    form.note = ''
-  } catch (error) {
-    message.error(error?.message || '加载返佣详情失败')
-  } finally {
-    loading.value = false
-  }
-}
-
-async function handleAction(action) {
-  if (!props.rebateId) {
-    return
-  }
-
-  submitting.value = action
-  try {
-    await api.request(`/payment/rebate/${props.rebateId}/${action}`, {
-      method: 'POST',
-      data: { note: form.note },
-    })
-    message.success(action === 'settle' ? '返佣已结算' : '返佣已取消')
-    await loadDetail()
-    emit('updated')
-  } catch (error) {
-    message.error(error?.message || '处理失败')
-  } finally {
-    submitting.value = ''
-  }
-}
-</script>
-
-<style scoped>
-.aksrt-rebate-drawer__section {
-  margin-top: 20px;
-}
-
-.aksrt-rebate-drawer__title {
-  margin-bottom: 10px;
-  font-size: 14px;
-  font-weight: 600;
-  color: #1f2937;
-}
-
-.aksrt-rebate-drawer__timeline {
-  display: grid;
-  gap: 12px;
-}
-
-.aksrt-rebate-drawer__timeline-item {
-  padding: 12px;
-  border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
-  border-radius: 12px;
-  background: #f8fafc;
-}
-
-.aksrt-rebate-drawer__timeline-head {
-  display: flex;
-  justify-content: space-between;
-  gap: 12px;
-  margin-bottom: 6px;
-}
-
-.aksrt-rebate-drawer__timeline-item p {
-  margin: 0 0 6px;
-  color: #111827;
-  white-space: pre-wrap;
-}
-
-.aksrt-rebate-drawer__timeline-item small {
-  color: #6b7280;
-}
-</style>
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/pages/users/UsersMessages.vue b/assets/admin/src/pages/users/UsersMessages.vue
index 5aa866eb..02728490 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/pages/users/UsersMessages.vue
+++ b/assets/admin/src/pages/users/UsersMessages.vue
@@ -163,8 +163,10 @@ function getTypeTag(type) {
     system: 'info',
     comment_reply: 'success',
     comment_approved: 'success',
-    credits_added: 'warning',
-    credits_deducted: 'warning',
+    asset_points_increase: 'warning',
+    asset_points_decrease: 'warning',
+    asset_balance_increase: 'success',
+    asset_balance_decrease: 'error',
     download_ready: 'primary',
     verify_email: 'info',
     pending_comments: 'warning',
@@ -178,8 +180,10 @@ function getTypeLabel(type) {
     system: '系统通知',
     comment_reply: '评论回复',
     comment_approved: '评论审核',
-    credits_added: '积分增加',
-    credits_deducted: '积分扣减',
+    asset_points_increase: '积分增加',
+    asset_points_decrease: '积分扣减',
+    asset_balance_increase: '余额增加',
+    asset_balance_decrease: '余额扣减',
     download_ready: '下载就绪',
     verify_email: '邮箱验证',
     pending_comments: '待审评论',
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/pages/users/UsersVerify.vue b/assets/admin/src/pages/users/UsersVerify.vue
index 575851f1..f25b147d 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/pages/users/UsersVerify.vue
+++ b/assets/admin/src/pages/users/UsersVerify.vue
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@
           <n-form-item label="云失败转人工"><n-switch v-model:value="verifyForm.user_verify_allow_manual_fallback" /></n-form-item>
           <n-form-item label="认证会话有效期（分钟）"><n-input-number v-model:value="verifyForm.user_verify_session_ttl_minutes" :min="5" :max="1440" /></n-form-item>
           <n-form-item label="结果轮询间隔（秒）"><n-input-number v-model:value="verifyForm.user_verify_poll_interval_seconds" :min="3" :max="60" /></n-form-item>
-          <n-form-item label="个人认证费用"><n-input-number v-model:value="verifyForm.user_verify_personal_fee" :min="0" :step="0.01" /></n-form-item>
-          <n-form-item label="企业认证费用"><n-input-number v-model:value="verifyForm.user_verify_enterprise_fee" :min="0" :step="0.01" /></n-form-item>
+          <n-form-item label="个人认证费用"><n-input v-model:value="verifyForm.user_verify_personal_fee" placeholder="0.00" /></n-form-item>
+          <n-form-item label="企业认证费用"><n-input v-model:value="verifyForm.user_verify_enterprise_fee" placeholder="0.00" /></n-form-item>
           <n-form-item label="个人认证徽标文案">
             <n-input v-model:value="verifyForm.user_verify_personal_badge_text" placeholder="个人认证" />
           </n-form-item>
@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ const verifyDefaults = {
   user_verify_allow_manual_fallback: true,
   user_verify_session_ttl_minutes: 30,
   user_verify_poll_interval_seconds: 5,
-  user_verify_personal_fee: 0,
-  user_verify_enterprise_fee: 0,
+  user_verify_personal_fee: '0.00',
+  user_verify_enterprise_fee: '0.00',
   user_verify_personal_badge_text: '个人认证',
   user_verify_enterprise_badge_text: '企业认证',
   user_verify_disable_desc: '由于系统正在维护，暂时无法申请身份认证\n详情请联系管理员',
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/router/index.js b/assets/admin/src/router/index.js
index f2b2cc5d..168ac263 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/router/index.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/router/index.js
@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ function createSectionRedirectRoutes() {
 const NATIVE_OPS_REDIRECTS = [
   { path: '/payment/charge-card', title: '充值卡', nativeAdminPath: 'admin.php?page=aksrt_charge_cards' },
   { path: '/payment/income', title: '创作分成运营', nativeAdminPath: 'admin.php?page=aksrt_income' },
-  { path: '/payment/rebate', title: '返佣管理', nativeAdminPath: 'admin.php?page=aksrt_rebate' },
   { path: '/users/messages', title: '消息中心', nativeAdminPath: 'users.php?page=aksrt_messages' },
   { path: '/users/referral-codes', title: '推广码运营', nativeAdminPath: 'users.php?page=aksrt_referral_codes' },
   { path: '/users/ban', title: '禁封管理', nativeAdminPath: 'users.php?page=aksrt_user_ban&tab=restrictions' },
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/cardPass.js b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/cardPass.js
index 3c52f9b4..d3b16fae 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/cardPass.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/cardPass.js
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export const cardPassSchema = {
     card_pass_batch_size: 50,
     card_pass_max_redeem: 1,
     card_pass_expiry: 0,
-    card_pass_amount: 10,
+	card_pass_amount: '10.00',
     card_pass_vip_days: 30,
     card_pass_credits: 0,
     card_pass_redeem_page: '',
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export const cardPassSchema = {
       fields: [
         { key: 'card_pass_max_redeem', label: '单卡最大兑换次数', type: 'number', default: 1, min: 1, max: 100, dependsOn: { key: 'card_pass_enabled', value: true } },
         { key: 'card_pass_expiry', label: '有效期(天)', type: 'number', default: 0, min: 0, help: '0为永久有效', dependsOn: { key: 'card_pass_enabled', value: true } },
-        { key: 'card_pass_amount', label: '面额(元)', type: 'number', default: 10, min: 1, max: 9999, dependsOn: { key: 'card_pass_enabled', value: true } },
+		{ key: 'card_pass_amount', label: '面额(元)', type: 'input', default: '10.00', min: 1, max: 9999, dependsOn: { key: 'card_pass_enabled', value: true } },
         { key: 'card_pass_vip_days', label: 'VIP天数', type: 'number', default: 30, min: 1, max: 3650, dependsOn: { key: 'card_pass_enabled', value: true } },
         { key: 'card_pass_credits', label: '赠送积分', type: 'number', default: 0, min: 0, max: 99999, dependsOn: { key: 'card_pass_enabled', value: true } },
       ],
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/recharge.js b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/recharge.js
index e87792a8..95e450c6 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/recharge.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/recharge.js
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ export const rechargeSchema = {
   defaults: {
     pay_balance_s: true,
     pay_balance_desc: '',
-    pay_auto_to_balance: true,
     pay_balance_product: '30|30|入门包\n98|108|推荐包',
     pay_balance_product_name: '',
     pay_balance_price: 0,
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ export const rechargeSchema = {
       fields: [
         { key: 'pay_balance_s', label: '启用余额功能', type: 'switch', default: true, help: '开启后用户中心显示现金钱包，并默认允许余额支付（可在收款接口单独关闭）。充值需另配支付宝/微信等外部网关。' },
         { key: 'pay_balance_desc', label: '充值说明', type: 'textarea', default: '', dependsOn: { key: 'pay_balance_s', value: true } },
-        { key: 'pay_auto_to_balance', label: '自动到账到余额', type: 'switch', default: true, dependsOn: { key: 'pay_balance_s', value: true }, help: '充值订单支付成功后自动入账钱包（卡密/管理员调整不受此开关限制）。' },
       ],
     },
     {
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/vip.js b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/vip.js
index 84423ee7..167c1ac1 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/vip.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/vip.js
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export const vipSchema = {
     vip_renew_desc: '',
     vip_renew_price_type: 'discount',
     vip_renew_discount: 8,
-    vip_renew_reduce: 20,
+    vip_renew_reduce: '20.00',
     vip_upgrade: true,
     vip_upgrade_desc: '',
     vip_upgrade_product: 'unit|1|按剩余天数升级\njump|199|升级永久二级会员\npermanent|299|永久一级升永久二级',
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ export const vipSchema = {
         { key: 'vip_renew_desc', label: '续费说明', type: 'textarea', default: '', dependsOn: { key: 'vip_renew', value: true } },
         { key: 'vip_renew_price_type', label: '续费价格类型', type: 'radio', default: 'discount', options: [{ label: '相同价格', value: 'same' }, { label: '折扣价格', value: 'discount' }, { label: '优惠立减', value: 'reduce' }], dependsOn: { key: 'vip_renew', value: true } },
         { key: 'vip_renew_discount', label: '续费折扣(折，如 8=八折)', type: 'number', default: 8, min: 1, max: 100, dependsOn: { key: 'vip_renew_price_type', value: 'discount' } },
-        { key: 'vip_renew_reduce', label: '续费减免金额', type: 'number', default: 20, min: 0, max: 9999, dependsOn: { key: 'vip_renew_price_type', value: 'reduce' } },
+        { key: 'vip_renew_reduce', label: '续费减免金额', type: 'input', sanitize_type: 'money_decimal', default: '20.00', min: 0, max: 9999, dependsOn: { key: 'vip_renew_price_type', value: 'reduce' } },
       ],
     },
     {
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/withdrawal.js b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/withdrawal.js
index fd5856e9..07747b20 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/withdrawal.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/payment/withdrawal.js
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ export const withdrawalSchema = {
   icon: 'fa fas fa-money-bill',
   description: '配置提现门槛、手续费比例与每日限制。',
   defaults: {
-    affiliate_min_withdrawal: 50,
+	affiliate_min_withdrawal: '50.00',
     affiliate_withdrawal_fee: 5,
     affiliate_daily_withdrawal_count: 3,
-    affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit: 500,
+	affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit: '500.00',
     affiliate_withdrawal_reset_time: '00:00',
     affiliate_payout_channels: ['alipay', 'wechat'],
   },
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ export const withdrawalSchema = {
       title: '提现设置',
       icon: 'fa fas fa-sliders-h',
       fields: [
-        { key: 'affiliate_min_withdrawal', label: '最低提现金额', type: 'number', default: 50, min: 0, max: 99999 },
+		{ key: 'affiliate_min_withdrawal', label: '最低提现金额', type: 'input', sanitize_type: 'money_decimal', default: '50.00', help: '仅接受最多两位小数的十进制字符串。' },
         { key: 'affiliate_withdrawal_fee', label: '提现手续费(%)', type: 'number', default: 5, min: 0, max: 100 },
         { key: 'affiliate_daily_withdrawal_count', label: '每日可提现次数', type: 'number', default: 3, min: 0, max: 99999 },
-        { key: 'affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit', label: '每日提现上限', type: 'number', default: 500, min: 0, max: 999999 },
+		{ key: 'affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit', label: '每日提现上限', type: 'input', sanitize_type: 'money_decimal', default: '500.00', help: '仅接受最多两位小数的十进制字符串。' },
         { key: 'affiliate_withdrawal_reset_time', label: '重置时间', type: 'input', default: '00:00', help: '按站点 WordPress 时区重置，格式 HH:MM。' },
         { key: 'affiliate_payout_channels', label: '可用收款渠道', type: 'checkbox', default: ['alipay', 'wechat'], sanitize_type: 'array', options: [{ label: '支付宝收款码', value: 'alipay' }, { label: '微信收款码', value: 'wechat' }] },
       ],
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/post-list/page.js b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/post-list/page.js
index 31851c87..231d6c82 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/post-list/page.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/post-list/page.js
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ export const pageSchema = {
         { key: 'post_rewards_text', label: '打赏按钮文案', type: 'input', default: '赞赏', dependsOn: { key: 'post_rewards_s', value: true } },
         { key: 'post_rewards_amounts', label: '快捷金额', type: 'input', default: '5,10,20,50,100', help: '使用英文逗号分隔', dependsOn: { key: 'post_rewards_s', value: true } },
         { key: 'post_rewards_custom', label: '允许自定义金额', type: 'switch', default: true, dependsOn: { key: 'post_rewards_s', value: true } },
-        { key: 'post_rewards_min', label: '最低金额', type: 'number', default: 1, min: 0.01, max: 1000, step: 0.01, dependsOn: { key: 'post_rewards_s', value: true } },
-        { key: 'post_rewards_max', label: '最高金额', type: 'number', default: 1000, min: 1, max: 100000, step: 0.01, dependsOn: { key: 'post_rewards_s', value: true } },
+		{ key: 'post_rewards_min', label: '最低金额', type: 'input', default: '1.00', min: 0.01, max: 1000, step: 0.01, dependsOn: { key: 'post_rewards_s', value: true } },
+		{ key: 'post_rewards_max', label: '最高金额', type: 'input', default: '1000.00', min: 1, max: 100000, step: 0.01, dependsOn: { key: 'post_rewards_s', value: true } },
         { key: 'article_maxheight_kg', label: '正文限高', type: 'switch', default: false, help: '开启后长文默认折叠，可展开全文' },
         { key: 'article_maxheight', label: '限高像素', type: 'number', default: 1000, min: 200, max: 5000, dependsOn: { key: 'article_maxheight_kg', value: true } },
       ],
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/post-list/submit.js b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/post-list/submit.js
index c9c9daf3..8efa4fe8 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/post-list/submit.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/post-list/submit.js
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ export const submitSchema = {
     post_article_title_strlen_limit_max: 30,
     post_article_user: 0,
     post_article_pay_free_s: true,
-    post_article_pay_price_min: 0,
-    post_article_pay_price_max: 100,
+    post_article_pay_price_min: '0.00',
+    post_article_pay_price_max: '100.00',
     post_article_pay_vip_price_s: true,
     post_article_pay_vip_1_discount: 80,
     post_article_pay_vip_2_discount: 50,
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ export const submitSchema = {
       icon: 'fa fas fa-database',
       fields: [
         { key: 'post_article_pay_free_s', label: '允许设置免费', type: 'switch', default: true, dependsOn: { key: 'front_submit_enabled', value: true } },
-        { key: 'post_article_pay_price_min', label: '最低价格', type: 'number', default: 0, min: 0, max: 9999, help: '投稿可设置的最低付费金额', dependsOn: { key: 'front_submit_enabled', value: true } },
-        { key: 'post_article_pay_price_max', label: '最高价格', type: 'number', default: 100, min: 0, max: 9999, help: '投稿可设置的最高付费金额', dependsOn: { key: 'front_submit_enabled', value: true } },
+        { key: 'post_article_pay_price_min', label: '最低价格', type: 'input', sanitize_type: 'money_decimal', default: '0.00', min: 0, max: 9999, help: '投稿可设置的最低付费金额', dependsOn: { key: 'front_submit_enabled', value: true } },
+        { key: 'post_article_pay_price_max', label: '最高价格', type: 'input', sanitize_type: 'money_decimal', default: '100.00', min: 0, max: 9999, help: '投稿可设置的最高付费金额', dependsOn: { key: 'front_submit_enabled', value: true } },
         { key: 'post_article_pay_vip_price_s', label: '允许设置会员价', type: 'switch', default: true, dependsOn: { key: 'front_submit_enabled', value: true } },
         { key: 'post_article_pay_vip_1_discount', label: 'VIP1 折扣(%)', type: 'number', default: 80, min: 0, max: 100, help: 'VIP1 会员折扣百分比，80 即 8 折', dependsOn: { key: 'front_submit_enabled', value: true } },
         { key: 'post_article_pay_vip_2_discount', label: 'VIP2 折扣(%)', type: 'number', default: 50, min: 0, max: 100, help: 'VIP2 会员折扣百分比，50 即 5 折', dependsOn: { key: 'front_submit_enabled', value: true } },
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/badge.js b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/badge.js
index d84c0bc2..6500155d 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/badge.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/badge.js
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ export const MEDAL_GET_TYPES = [
   { label: '文章获赞', value: 'like' },
   { label: '评论获赞', value: 'comment_like' },
   { label: '内容阅读量', value: 'views' },
-  { label: '现金创作分成累计(元)', value: 'pay_income' },
-  { label: '推广佣金累计(元)', value: 'pay_rebate' },
+  { label: '现金创作分成累计(元)', value: 'creator_income' },
+  { label: '推广佣金累计(元)', value: 'affiliate_commission' },
   { label: '仅手动授予', value: 'manually_add' },
 ]
 
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/credits.js b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/credits.js
index 04770e68..35ac4274 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/credits.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/credits.js
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ export const creditsSchema = {
     points_deduction_s: false,
     points_deduction_rate: 100,
     points_deduction_max: 50,
-    points_pass_exchange_s: false,
-    points_pass_exchange_desc: '',
-    points_pass_exchange_only_password: true,
+    asset_points_card_enabled: false,
+    asset_points_card_description: '',
+    asset_points_card_password_only: true,
     points_show_balance: true,
     points_show_log: true,
     points_expire_days: 0,
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ export const creditsSchema = {
       title: '积分卡密兑换',
       icon: 'fa fas fa-ticket-alt',
       fields: [
-        { key: 'points_pass_exchange_s', label: '启用积分卡密兑换', type: 'switch', default: false, help: '对齐 legacy points_pass_exchange_s。后台充值卡可生成积分卡，用户中心兑换入账。' },
-        { key: 'points_pass_exchange_desc', label: '兑换说明', type: 'textarea', default: '', dependsOn: { key: 'points_pass_exchange_s', value: true } },
-        { key: 'points_pass_exchange_only_password', label: '仅密码兑换', type: 'switch', default: true, dependsOn: { key: 'points_pass_exchange_s', value: true }, help: '开启后只需输入卡密；关闭则需卡号+卡密。' },
+        { key: 'asset_points_card_enabled', label: '启用积分卡密兑换', type: 'switch', default: false, help: '后台充值卡可生成积分卡，用户中心兑换入账。' },
+        { key: 'asset_points_card_description', label: '兑换说明', type: 'textarea', default: '', dependsOn: { key: 'asset_points_card_enabled', value: true } },
+        { key: 'asset_points_card_password_only', label: '仅密码兑换', type: 'switch', default: true, dependsOn: { key: 'asset_points_card_enabled', value: true }, help: '开启后只需输入卡密；关闭则需卡号+卡密。' },
       ],
     },
     {
diff --git a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/verify.js b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/verify.js
index 28bd7611..c56c859a 100644
--- a/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/verify.js
+++ b/assets/admin/src/schema/sections/users/verify.js
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ export const verifySchema = {
     user_verify_enabled: true,
     user_verify_public_display: true,
     user_verify_personal_badge_text: '个人认证',
-    user_verify_personal_fee: 0,
+    user_verify_personal_fee: '0.00',
     user_verify_personal_free_applications: 0,
     user_verify_personal_require_real_name: false,
     user_verify_enterprise_badge_text: '企业认证',
-    user_verify_enterprise_fee: 0,
+    user_verify_enterprise_fee: '0.00',
     user_verify_enterprise_free_applications: 0,
     user_verify_enterprise_require_real_name: false,
     user_verify_allow_apply: true,
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ export const verifySchema = {
           default: '由于系统正在维护，暂时无法申请身份认证\n详情请联系管理员',
           dependsOn: { key: 'user_verify_allow_apply', value: false },
         },
-        { key: 'user_verify_personal_fee', label: '个人认证每次扣余额（元）', type: 'number', default: 0, min: 0, step: 0.01, dependsOn: { key: 'user_verify_allow_apply', value: true } },
+        { key: 'user_verify_personal_fee', label: '个人认证每次扣余额（元）', type: 'input', default: '0.00', help: '仅接受最多两位小数的十进制字符串。', dependsOn: { key: 'user_verify_allow_apply', value: true } },
         { key: 'user_verify_personal_free_applications', label: '个人认证赠送初始次数', type: 'number', default: 0, min: 0, max: 9999, help: '每位用户前 N 次个人认证申请免费，之后按单次费用扣余额。', dependsOn: { key: 'user_verify_allow_apply', value: true } },
         { key: 'user_verify_personal_require_real_name', label: '个人认证强制填写真实姓名', type: 'switch', default: false, dependsOn: { key: 'user_verify_allow_apply', value: true } },
-        { key: 'user_verify_enterprise_fee', label: '企业认证每次扣余额（元）', type: 'number', default: 0, min: 0, step: 0.01, dependsOn: { key: 'user_verify_allow_apply', value: true } },
+        { key: 'user_verify_enterprise_fee', label: '企业认证每次扣余额（元）', type: 'input', default: '0.00', help: '仅接受最多两位小数的十进制字符串。', dependsOn: { key: 'user_verify_allow_apply', value: true } },
         { key: 'user_verify_enterprise_free_applications', label: '企业认证赠送初始次数', type: 'number', default: 0, min: 0, max: 9999, help: '每位用户前 N 次企业认证申请免费，之后按单次费用扣余额。', dependsOn: { key: 'user_verify_allow_apply', value: true } },
         { key: 'user_verify_enterprise_require_real_name', label: '企业认证强制填写真实姓名', type: 'switch', default: false, dependsOn: { key: 'user_verify_allow_apply', value: true } },
         {
diff --git a/assets/js/cms-download.js b/assets/js/cms-download.js
index 696b235c..81a0bff3 100644
--- a/assets/js/cms-download.js
+++ b/assets/js/cms-download.js
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
 			if (data && data.vip_url) {
 				extra = '<a class="btn-primary btn-sm" href="' + escapeAttr(data.vip_url) + '">' + tt('go_vip', '开通会员') + '</a>';
 			}
-		} else if (code === 'aksrt_credits_insufficient' || code === 'aksrt_balance_insufficient') {
+		} else if (code === 'aksrt_points_insufficient' || code === 'aksrt_balance_insufficient') {
 			title = tt('credit_low', '积分不够');
 			const balance = typeof (data && data.balance) === 'number' ? data.balance : 0;
 			const cost = typeof (data && data.cost) === 'number' ? data.cost : 0;
@@ -355,15 +355,17 @@
 	function showLowCreditModal(button) {
 		const balance = parseInt(button.getAttribute('data-balance'), 10) || 0;
 		const cost = parseInt(button.getAttribute('data-cost'), 10) || 0;
-		renderError('', { balance: balance, cost: cost }, button, 'aksrt_credits_insufficient');
+		renderError('', { balance: balance, cost: cost }, button, 'aksrt_points_insufficient');
 	}
 
 	// ===== 收银台（内容购买） =====
-	function restHeaders() {
-		return {
+	function restHeaders(idempotencyKey) {
+		const headers = {
 			'Content-Type': 'application/json',
 			'X-WP-Nonce': window.aksrtData.restNonce || '',
 		};
+		if (idempotencyKey) headers['Idempotency-Key'] = idempotencyKey;
+		return headers;
 	}
 
 	function payApiBase(apiKind) {
@@ -467,7 +469,7 @@
 		}
 		const title = escapeHtml(preview.title || '');
 		const typeLabel = escapeHtml(preview.pay_type_label || '');
-		const balance = typeof preview.balance === 'number' ? preview.balance : 0;
+		const balance = isPoints && Number.isSafeInteger(preview.balance) ? preview.balance : 0;
 		const methods = Array.isArray(preview.payment_methods) ? preview.payment_methods : [];
 		const couponAllowed = !isPoints && !!preview.coupon_allowed;
 		const couponCodeVal = escapeAttr(preview.coupon_code || preview._coupon_code || '');
@@ -477,7 +479,7 @@
 			priceRows += '<div class="aksrt-cashier__row"><span>' + tt('price', '价格') + '</span><b>' + baseLabel + '</b></div>';
 		}
 		// VIP list price row when VIP reduced list amount.
-		if (typeof preview.list_amount === 'number' && typeof preview.base === 'number' && preview.list_amount !== preview.base) {
+		if (preview.list_amount !== preview.base) {
 			priceRows += '<div class="aksrt-cashier__row"><span>' + tt('vip_price', '会员价') + '</span><b class="is-sale">' + listLabel + '</b></div>';
 		} else if (preview.amount !== preview.base && !preview.rebate_discount && !preview.coupon_discount) {
 			priceRows += '<div class="aksrt-cashier__row"><span>' + tt('vip_price', '会员价') + '</span><b class="is-sale">' + amountLabel + '</b></div>';
@@ -527,12 +529,12 @@
 				}
 				body += '</div>';
 			}
-			const walletBal = typeof preview.wallet_balance === 'number'
+			const walletBal = typeof preview.wallet_balance === 'string'
 					? preview.wallet_balance
-					: (typeof preview.balance === 'number' ? preview.balance : 0);
+					: (typeof preview.balance === 'string' ? preview.balance : '0.00');
 				const hasBalanceMethod = methods.some(function (m) { return (m && m.id) === 'balance'; });
 				if (hasBalanceMethod) {
-					body += '<div class="aksrt-cashier__box"><div class="aksrt-cashier__row"><span>' + tt('my_wallet', '我的余额') + '</span><b class="is-ok">￥' + Number(walletBal).toFixed(2) + '</b></div></div>';
+					body += '<div class="aksrt-cashier__box"><div class="aksrt-cashier__row"><span>' + tt('my_wallet', '我的余额') + '</span><b class="is-ok">￥' + escapeHtml(walletBal) + '</b></div></div>';
 					if (preview.balance_enough === false) {
 						body += '<div class="aksrt-cashier__warn">' + tt('wallet_short', '余额不足，请先充值或选择其他支付方式') + '</div>';
 						if (preview.credits_url) {
@@ -621,10 +623,13 @@
 		if (pt) payload.price_type = pt;
 		if (mode === 'cash' && couponCode) payload.coupon_code = couponCode;
 
+		if (!button.dataset.aksrtOperationKey) {
+			button.dataset.aksrtOperationKey = window.AksrtRequest.createIdempotencyKey();
+		}
 		fetch(REST_BASE + payApiBase(apiKind) + postId, {
 			method: 'POST',
 			credentials: 'same-origin',
-			headers: restHeaders(),
+			headers: restHeaders(button.dataset.aksrtOperationKey),
 			body: JSON.stringify(payload),
 		})
 			.then(function (resp) { return resp.json().then(function (j) { return { ok: resp.ok, status: resp.status, json: j }; }); })
@@ -642,6 +647,7 @@
 					return;
 				}
 				const data = (r.json && r.json.data) ? r.json.data : r.json;
+				delete button.dataset.aksrtOperationKey;
 				if (data && data.redirect && (data.payment_url || data.qr_content)) {
 					if (data.payment_url) {
 						window.open(data.payment_url, '_blank');
diff --git a/assets/js/core/request.js b/assets/js/core/request.js
index b82c768f..ca365e45 100644
--- a/assets/js/core/request.js
+++ b/assets/js/core/request.js
@@ -13,6 +13,23 @@
     return window.aksrtData || window.aksrt || {};
   }
 
+  function createIdempotencyKey() {
+    if (window.crypto && typeof window.crypto.randomUUID === "function") {
+      return window.crypto.randomUUID();
+    }
+    if (!window.crypto || typeof window.crypto.getRandomValues !== "function") {
+      throw new Error("当前浏览器无法生成安全的操作标识");
+    }
+    var bytes = new Uint8Array(16);
+    window.crypto.getRandomValues(bytes);
+    bytes[6] = (bytes[6] & 0x0f) | 0x40;
+    bytes[8] = (bytes[8] & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+    var hex = Array.prototype.map.call(bytes, function (value) {
+      return value.toString(16).padStart(2, "0");
+    }).join("");
+    return hex.slice(0, 8) + "-" + hex.slice(8, 12) + "-" + hex.slice(12, 16) + "-" + hex.slice(16, 20) + "-" + hex.slice(20);
+  }
+
   function restBase() {
     var config = data();
     var raw = config.restUrl || config.apiUrl || config.rest_url || "";
@@ -144,6 +161,7 @@
   window.AksrtRequest = {
     url: url,
     request: request,
+    createIdempotencyKey: createIdempotencyKey,
     get: function (path, options) {
       return request(path, Object.assign({}, options || {}, { method: "GET" }));
     },
diff --git a/assets/js/credits.js b/assets/js/credits.js
index 0805a35e..133fdf01 100644
--- a/assets/js/credits.js
+++ b/assets/js/credits.js
@@ -16,6 +16,28 @@
 	}
 	var activePoll = null;
 
+	function operationKey(owner) {
+		if (!owner.dataset.aksrtOperationKey) {
+			owner.dataset.aksrtOperationKey = window.AksrtRequest.createIdempotencyKey();
+		}
+		return owner.dataset.aksrtOperationKey;
+	}
+
+	function resetOperationKey(owner) {
+		delete owner.dataset.aksrtOperationKey;
+	}
+
+	function resetOperationKeyOnChange(owner) {
+		owner.addEventListener('input', function () { resetOperationKey(owner); });
+		owner.addEventListener('change', function () { resetOperationKey(owner); });
+	}
+
+	function balanceMinor(value) {
+		var match = /^(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:\.(\d{1,2}))?$/.exec(String(value || '').trim());
+		if (!match) return null;
+		return (BigInt(match[1]) * 100n) + BigInt((match[2] || '').padEnd(2, '0') || '0');
+	}
+
 	function api(path, options) {
 		return window.AksrtRequest.request(path, options || {}).then(function (response) {
 			return {
@@ -218,6 +240,7 @@
 		Array.prototype.forEach.call(roots, function (root) {
 			var tip = root.querySelector('[data-aksrt-card-tip]');
 			var busy = false;
+			resetOperationKeyOnChange(root);
 
 			function setTip(text, isError) {
 				if (!tip) return;
@@ -255,6 +278,7 @@
 
 				api('/pay/card-pass/redeem', {
 					method: 'POST',
+					headers: { 'Idempotency-Key': operationKey(root) },
 					body: JSON.stringify(body)
 				}).then(function (r) {
 					busy = false;
@@ -264,6 +288,7 @@
 						return;
 					}
 					var data = (r.json && r.json.data) ? r.json.data : r.json;
+					resetOperationKey(root);
 					if (type === 'vip' && window.AksrtModalRuntime && typeof window.AksrtModalRuntime.invalidate === 'function') {
 						window.AksrtModalRuntime.invalidate(['vip', 'orders']);
 					}
@@ -278,7 +303,7 @@
 		});
 	}
 
-	// ===== 余额充值 / 转账 / 积分兑余额（legacy 资产中心） =====
+	// ===== 余额充值 / 转账 / 余额兑积分 =====
 	function openModal(el) {
 		if (!el) return;
 		el.hidden = false;
@@ -344,21 +369,23 @@
 			});
 		});
 		if (!form) return;
+		resetOperationKeyOnChange(form);
 		form.addEventListener('submit', function (e) {
 			e.preventDefault();
 			if (busy) return;
 			var pkgInput = form.querySelector('input[name="balance_package"]:checked') || form.querySelector('input[name="balance_package"]');
 			var pkg = pkgInput ? pkgInput.value : 'custom';
 			var customEl = form.querySelector('input[name="custom_price"]');
-			var custom = customEl ? parseFloat(customEl.value || '0') : 0;
-			if (custom > 0) {
+			var custom = customEl ? String(customEl.value || '').trim() : '';
+			var validCustom = /^(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:\.\d{1,2})?$/.test(custom) && custom !== '0' && custom !== '0.0' && custom !== '0.00';
+			if (validCustom) {
 				pkg = 'custom';
 			}
-			if ((!pkg || pkg === 'custom') && !(custom > 0) && !pkgInput) {
+			if ((!pkg || pkg === 'custom') && !validCustom && !pkgInput) {
 				notyf('请选择或输入充值金额', 'danger');
 				return;
 			}
-			if (pkg === 'custom' && !(custom > 0)) {
+			if (pkg === 'custom' && !validCustom) {
 				notyf('请输入有效充值金额', 'danger');
 				return;
 			}
@@ -368,6 +395,7 @@
 			notyf('正在创建充值订单…', 'load', '', 'aksrt-balance-charge-toast');
 			api('/pay/balance/charge', {
 				method: 'POST',
+				headers: { 'Idempotency-Key': operationKey(form) },
 				body: JSON.stringify({
 					package: pkg,
 					custom_price: custom,
@@ -380,6 +408,7 @@
 					return;
 				}
 				var data = (r.json && r.json.data) ? r.json.data : r.json;
+				resetOperationKey(form);
 				if (data && data.redirect && (data.payment_url || data.qr_content)) {
 					if (data.payment_url) window.open(data.payment_url, '_blank');
 					notyf(data.message || '请完成支付，支付成功后将自动刷新。', 'info', 5, 'aksrt-balance-charge-toast');
@@ -478,6 +507,7 @@
 			});
 		}
 		if (!form) return;
+		resetOperationKeyOnChange(form);
 		form.addEventListener('submit', function (e) {
 			e.preventDefault();
 			if (busy) return;
@@ -489,7 +519,12 @@
 				notyf('请选择收款用户', 'danger');
 				return;
 			}
-			if (!(parseFloat(amount) > 0) || (type === 'points' && (!Number.isInteger(Number(amount)) || Number(amount) < pointsTransferMin))) {
+			var pointsAmount = /^[1-9]\d*$/.test(String(amount)) ? BigInt(String(amount)) : 0n;
+			var cashAmount = balanceMinor(amount);
+			var validAmount = type === 'points'
+				? pointsAmount >= BigInt(pointsTransferMin) && pointsAmount <= BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)
+				: cashAmount !== null && cashAmount > 0n;
+			if (!validAmount) {
 				notyf('请输入有效金额', 'danger');
 				return;
 			}
@@ -497,7 +532,12 @@
 			notyf('正在转账…', 'load', '', 'aksrt-balance-transfer-toast');
 			api('/pay/transfer', {
 				method: 'POST',
-				body: JSON.stringify({ type: type, recipient: recipient, amount: amount })
+				headers: { 'Idempotency-Key': operationKey(form) },
+				body: JSON.stringify({
+					type: type,
+					recipient: recipient,
+					amount: type === 'points' ? Number(pointsAmount) : String(amount)
+				})
 			}).then(function (r) {
 				busy = false;
 				if (!r.ok || (r.json && r.json.code && !r.json.success)) {
@@ -505,6 +545,7 @@
 					return;
 				}
 				var data = (r.json && r.json.data) ? r.json.data : r.json;
+				resetOperationKey(form);
 				notyf((data && data.message) || '转账成功，正在刷新…', 'success', 5, 'aksrt-balance-transfer-toast');
 				window.setTimeout(function () { window.location.reload(); }, 800);
 			}).catch(function () {
@@ -529,12 +570,15 @@
 			btn.addEventListener('click', function () { closeModal(modal); });
 		});
 		if (!form) return;
+		resetOperationKeyOnChange(form);
 		function updatePreview() {
 			if (!preview || !amountEl) return;
-			var amount = Number(amountEl.value || '0');
-			var rate = Number(amountEl.getAttribute('data-aksrt-points-exchange-rate') || '0');
-			preview.textContent = Number.isInteger(amount) && amount > 0 && rate > 0
-				? '预计获得 ' + (amount * rate) + ' 积分'
+			var amount = balanceMinor(amountEl.value);
+			var rateRaw = amountEl.getAttribute('data-aksrt-points-exchange-rate') || '';
+			var rate = /^[1-9]\d*$/.test(rateRaw) ? BigInt(rateRaw) : 0n;
+			var scaled = amount !== null ? amount * rate : 0n;
+			preview.textContent = amount !== null && amount > 0n && rate > 0n && scaled % 100n === 0n
+				? '预计获得 ' + String(scaled / 100n) + ' 积分'
 				: '';
 		}
 		amountEl.addEventListener('input', updatePreview);
@@ -542,15 +586,16 @@
 		form.addEventListener('submit', function (e) {
 			e.preventDefault();
 			if (busy) return;
-			var amount = amountEl ? Number(amountEl.value || '0') : 0;
-			if (!Number.isInteger(amount) || !(amount > 0)) {
-				notyf('请输入正整数余额', 'danger');
+			var amount = amountEl ? String(amountEl.value || '').trim() : '';
+			if (!/^(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:\.\d{1,2})?$/.test(amount) || /^0(?:\.0{1,2})?$/.test(amount)) {
+				notyf('请输入最多两位小数的正数余额', 'danger');
 				return;
 			}
 			busy = true;
 			notyf('正在购买积分…', 'load', '', 'aksrt-balance-points-toast');
 			api('/pay/balance/points-exchange', {
 				method: 'POST',
+				headers: { 'Idempotency-Key': operationKey(form) },
 				body: JSON.stringify({ amount: amount })
 			}).then(function (r) {
 				busy = false;
@@ -559,6 +604,7 @@
 					return;
 				}
 				var data = (r.json && r.json.data) ? r.json.data : r.json;
+				resetOperationKey(form);
 				notyf((data && data.message) || '购买成功，正在刷新…', 'success', 5, 'aksrt-balance-points-toast');
 				window.setTimeout(function () { window.location.reload(); }, 800);
 			}).catch(function () {
@@ -581,6 +627,7 @@
 			btn.addEventListener('click', function () { closeModal(modal); });
 		});
 		if (!form) return;
+		resetOperationKeyOnChange(form);
 		form.addEventListener('submit', function (e) {
 			e.preventDefault();
 			if (busy) return;
@@ -588,17 +635,18 @@
 			var methodEl = form.querySelector('[data-aksrt-withdraw-method]');
 			var accountEl = form.querySelector('[data-aksrt-withdraw-account]');
 			var rawAmount = amountEl ? String(amountEl.value || '').trim() : '';
-			var amount = rawAmount ? Number(rawAmount) : 0;
-			var minAmount = amountEl ? Number(amountEl.getAttribute('data-withdraw-min') || '0') : 0;
-			var remainingAmount = amountEl ? Number(amountEl.getAttribute('data-withdraw-remaining-amount') || '0') : 0;
+			var amount = rawAmount;
+			var amountMinor = balanceMinor(amount);
+			var minAmount = amountEl ? balanceMinor(amountEl.getAttribute('data-withdraw-min') || '0') : 0n;
+			var remainingAmount = amountEl ? balanceMinor(amountEl.getAttribute('data-withdraw-remaining-amount') || '0') : 0n;
 			var remainingCount = amountEl ? Number(amountEl.getAttribute('data-withdraw-remaining-count') || '0') : 0;
 			var method = methodEl ? methodEl.value : 'alipay';
 			var account = accountEl ? String(accountEl.value || '').trim() : '';
-			if (!Number.isInteger(amount) || !(amount > 0)) {
-				notyf('提现金额必须为正整数', 'danger');
+			if (amountMinor === null || amountMinor <= 0n) {
+				notyf('提现金额必须为最多两位小数的正数', 'danger');
 				return;
 			}
-			if (amount < minAmount) {
+			if (minAmount === null || amountMinor < minAmount) {
 				notyf('提现金额低于最低提现门槛', 'danger');
 				return;
 			}
@@ -606,7 +654,7 @@
 				notyf('当日提现次数已用尽', 'danger');
 				return;
 			}
-			if (amount > remainingAmount) {
+			if (remainingAmount === null || amountMinor > remainingAmount) {
 				notyf('本次提现后将超出单日提现总额上限', 'danger');
 				return;
 			}
@@ -618,6 +666,7 @@
 			notyf('正在提交提现申请…', 'load', '', 'aksrt-balance-withdraw-toast');
 			api('/earnings/withdrawals', {
 				method: 'POST',
+				headers: { 'Idempotency-Key': operationKey(form) },
 				body: JSON.stringify({ amount: amount, method: method, account: account })
 			}).then(function (r) {
 				busy = false;
@@ -626,6 +675,7 @@
 					return;
 				}
 				var data = (r.json && r.json.data) ? r.json.data : r.json;
+				resetOperationKey(form);
 				notyf((data && data.message) || '申请已提交', 'success', 5, 'aksrt-balance-withdraw-toast');
 				closeModal(modal);
 				var panel = modal.closest ? modal.closest('.dashboard-panel') : null;
diff --git a/assets/js/order-center.js b/assets/js/order-center.js
index 0a108347..9a3cdf48 100644
--- a/assets/js/order-center.js
+++ b/assets/js/order-center.js
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@
 
     var instances = new WeakMap();
 
-    function request(path, body, method) {
+	function request(path, body, method, operationKey) {
         var options = { method: method || "POST" };
         if (body !== undefined) options.body = JSON.stringify(body || {});
+		if (operationKey) options.headers = { "Idempotency-Key": operationKey };
         return window.AksrtRequest.request(path, options);
     }
 
@@ -30,12 +31,15 @@
             .replace(/'/g, "&#39;");
     }
 
-    function formatMoney(order) {
-        var amount = Number(order && order.amount || 0);
-        return order && order.is_points
-            ? escapeHtml(order.currency_symbol || "积分") + " " + Math.round(amount)
-            : "¥" + amount.toFixed(2);
-    }
+	function formatMoney(order) {
+		var raw = String(order && order.amount != null ? order.amount : "0");
+		if (order && order.is_points) {
+			return escapeHtml(order.currency_symbol || "积分") + " " + (/^\d+$/.test(raw) ? raw : "0");
+		}
+		var match = /^(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:\.(\d{1,2}))?$/.exec(raw);
+		var amount = match ? match[1] + "." + (match[2] || "").padEnd(2, "0") : "0.00";
+		return "¥" + amount;
+	}
 
     function orderTag(orderNumber) {
         return "order:" + String(orderNumber || "").toLowerCase();
@@ -100,9 +104,12 @@
     }
 
     function detailOptions(state, orderNumber, refresh) {
+		var actionKey = refresh ? "refresh:" + orderNumber : "";
+		if (actionKey && !state.operationKeys[actionKey]) state.operationKeys[actionKey] = window.AksrtRequest.createIdempotencyKey();
         return {
             url: orderPath(orderNumber, refresh ? "/refresh" : ""),
             method: refresh ? "POST" : "GET",
+			headers: actionKey ? { "Idempotency-Key": state.operationKeys[actionKey] } : {},
             kind: "orders",
             title: "订单详情",
             responseType: "json",
@@ -123,7 +130,10 @@
                 renderDetail(state, data, session);
             },
             onData: function (data) {
-                if (refresh) invalidateOrder(orderNumber, data);
+				if (refresh) {
+					delete state.operationKeys[actionKey];
+					invalidateOrder(orderNumber, data);
+				}
             },
         };
     }
@@ -244,12 +254,15 @@
         });
     }
 
-    function startPayment(state, button) {
+	function startPayment(state, button) {
         var number = button.getAttribute("data-aksrt-order-pay") || "";
         var method = button.getAttribute("data-aksrt-order-method") || "";
-        if (!number || button.disabled) return;
-        button.disabled = true;
-        request(orderPath(number, "/pay"), method ? { payment_method: method } : {}, "POST").then(function (result) {
+		if (!number || button.disabled) return;
+		var actionKey = "pay:" + number;
+		if (!state.operationKeys[actionKey]) state.operationKeys[actionKey] = window.AksrtRequest.createIdempotencyKey();
+		button.disabled = true;
+		request(orderPath(number, "/pay"), method ? { payment_method: method } : {}, "POST", state.operationKeys[actionKey]).then(function (result) {
+			delete state.operationKeys[actionKey];
             var data = result.data || {};
             invalidateOrder(number, data.order);
             if (data.redirect && data.payment_url) {
@@ -273,8 +286,11 @@
             button.textContent = "确认关闭";
             return;
         }
-        button.disabled = true;
-        request(orderPath(number, "/cancel"), {}, "POST").then(function (result) {
+		button.disabled = true;
+		var actionKey = "cancel:" + number;
+		if (!state.operationKeys[actionKey]) state.operationKeys[actionKey] = window.AksrtRequest.createIdempotencyKey();
+		request(orderPath(number, "/cancel"), {}, "POST", state.operationKeys[actionKey]).then(function (result) {
+			delete state.operationKeys[actionKey];
             var data = result.data || {};
             invalidateOrder(number, data.order);
             notyf("订单已关闭", "success");
@@ -294,13 +310,14 @@
 
     function initRoot(root) {
         if (instances.has(root)) return;
-        var state = {
+		var state = {
             root: root,
             detailOrderNumber: "",
             detailSession: null,
             detailReplacement: false,
             detailReplacementSession: null,
-            countdownTimer: null,
+			countdownTimer: null,
+			operationKeys: {},
         };
 
         state.onRootClick = function (event) {
diff --git a/assets/js/reward.js b/assets/js/reward.js
index c5a2b0bc..2379c8da 100644
--- a/assets/js/reward.js
+++ b/assets/js/reward.js
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@
   function initReward() {
     var activeTrigger = null;
 
+    function operationKey(modal) {
+      if (!modal.dataset.aksrtOperationKey) {
+        modal.dataset.aksrtOperationKey = window.AksrtRequest.createIdempotencyKey();
+      }
+      return modal.dataset.aksrtOperationKey;
+    }
+
     function closeAll() {
       document.querySelectorAll('.reward-modal.is-open').forEach(function (modal) {
         modal.classList.remove('is-open');
@@ -52,6 +59,7 @@
       var amountButton = event.target.closest('[data-reward-amount]');
       if (amountButton) {
         var modal = amountButton.closest('.reward-modal');
+        delete modal.dataset.aksrtOperationKey;
         modal.querySelectorAll('[data-reward-amount]').forEach(function (button) {
           button.classList.toggle('is-active', button === amountButton);
         });
@@ -67,6 +75,10 @@
       var customInput = tipModal.querySelector('[data-aksrt-reward-custom]');
       var selected = tipModal.querySelector('[data-reward-amount].is-active');
       var amount = customInput && customInput.value ? customInput.value : (selected ? selected.dataset.rewardAmount : '');
+      if (customInput && customInput.dataset.aksrtIdempotencyBound !== '1') {
+        customInput.dataset.aksrtIdempotencyBound = '1';
+        customInput.addEventListener('input', function () { delete tipModal.dataset.aksrtOperationKey; });
+      }
 
       submit.disabled = true;
       submit.textContent = '赞赏中…';
@@ -82,13 +94,17 @@
       fetch(cfg.ajaxUrl || '/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', {
         method: 'POST',
         credentials: 'same-origin',
-        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8' },
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
+          'Idempotency-Key': operationKey(tipModal)
+        },
         body: body.toString()
       }).then(function (response) {
         return response.json();
       }).then(function (response) {
         var text = response && response.data && response.data.message ? response.data.message : '赞赏失败';
         if (response && response.success) {
+          delete tipModal.dataset.aksrtOperationKey;
           if (message) message.textContent = text;
           setTimeout(closeAll, 900);
         } else if (message) {
diff --git a/assets/js/routes/user-center-auth.js b/assets/js/routes/user-center-auth.js
index 33bfc469..dc78a27f 100644
--- a/assets/js/routes/user-center-auth.js
+++ b/assets/js/routes/user-center-auth.js
@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@
     var refreshTimeout = null;
     var refreshInFlight = false;
     var openSequence = 0;
+    var pendingCreateKey = '';
+    var pendingCreateSignature = '';
+    var pendingRefreshKey = '';
+    var pendingManualKey = '';
+    var pendingManualSignature = '';
 
     function isOpen(shell) {
       return !!shell && shell.classList.contains('is-open') && document.contains(shell);
@@ -176,6 +181,7 @@
       var timedOut = false;
       var shell = activeShell;
       var timeoutMs = Math.max(5000, Number(config.refreshTimeout || 15000));
+      if (!pendingRefreshKey) pendingRefreshKey = uuid();
       refreshTimeout = window.setTimeout(function () {
         timedOut = true;
         if (refreshController) {
@@ -185,8 +191,10 @@
 
       return request(config.restBase + '/' + encodeURIComponent(currentUuid) + '/refresh', config, {
         method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Idempotency-Key': pendingRefreshKey },
         signal: refreshController ? refreshController.signal : undefined,
       }).then(function (data) {
+        pendingRefreshKey = '';
         if (shell !== activeShell || !isOpen(shell)) return data;
         pollBackoff = explicit ? 0 : Math.min(4, pollBackoff + 1);
         render(data, shell);
@@ -270,17 +278,23 @@
         var payload = {};
         form.forEach(function (value, key) { payload[key] = value; });
         payload.consent = payload.consent === '1';
-        payload.client_request_id = uuid();
+        var signature = JSON.stringify(payload);
+        if (!pendingCreateKey || pendingCreateSignature !== signature) {
+          pendingCreateKey = uuid();
+          pendingCreateSignature = signature;
+        }
         if (button) button.disabled = true;
         if (message) message.textContent = '';
         aliyunMetaInfo(config).then(function (metaInfo) {
           if (metaInfo) payload.meta_info = metaInfo;
           return request(config.restBase, config, {
             method: 'POST',
-            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Idempotency-Key': pendingCreateKey },
             body: JSON.stringify(payload),
           });
         }).then(function (data) {
+          pendingCreateKey = '';
+          pendingCreateSignature = '';
           render(data, shell);
         }).catch(function (error) {
           if (message) message.textContent = errorMessage(error, '创建认证会话失败，请重试。');
@@ -300,11 +314,21 @@
         var button = manualForm.querySelector('[type="submit"]');
         var body = new FormData();
         Array.prototype.forEach.call((files && files.files) || [], function (file) { body.append('evidence[]', file); });
+        var signature = Array.prototype.map.call((files && files.files) || [], function (file) {
+          return [file.name, file.size, file.lastModified].join(':');
+        }).join('|');
+        if (!pendingManualKey || pendingManualSignature !== signature) {
+          pendingManualKey = uuid();
+          pendingManualSignature = signature;
+        }
         if (button) button.disabled = true;
         request(config.restBase + '/' + encodeURIComponent(currentUuid) + '/manual', config, {
           method: 'POST',
+          headers: { 'Idempotency-Key': pendingManualKey },
           body: body,
         }).then(function (data) {
+          pendingManualKey = '';
+          pendingManualSignature = '';
           manualForm.hidden = true;
           render(data, shell);
         }).catch(function (error) {
diff --git a/assets/js/runtime/admin-main.js b/assets/js/runtime/admin-main.js
index ec9a5c00..e8856e6d 100644
--- a/assets/js/runtime/admin-main.js
+++ b/assets/js/runtime/admin-main.js
@@ -89,10 +89,6 @@
                     $(this).text(aksrt__('admin_menu_title_income'));
                 }
 
-                if (url.endsWith('aksrtpay_rebate_page')) {
-                    $(this).text(aksrt__('admin_menu_title_card'));
-                }
-
                 if (url.endsWith('aksrtpay_product_page')) {
                     $(this).text(aksrt__('admin_menu_title_product'));
                 }
@@ -448,6 +444,6 @@
             $('.permalink-structure [name="permalink_structure"]').val('/%post_id%.html').click();
         });
 
-        console.log('\n' + ' %c legacy Theme %c https://legacy.com ' + '\n', 'color: #fadfa3; background: #030307; padding:3px; font-size:12px;', 'color: #2abd4e;background: #16171a; padding: 3px; font-size: 12px;');
+        console.log('%c legacy Theme %c https://legacy.com', 'color: #fadfa3; background: #030307; padding:3px; font-size:12px;', 'color: #2abd4e;background: #16171a; padding: 3px; font-size: 12px;');
     });
 })(jQuery, document);
diff --git a/assets/js/runtime/admin-main.min.js b/assets/js/runtime/admin-main.min.js
index a017b238..71b261af 100644
--- a/assets/js/runtime/admin-main.min.js
+++ b/assets/js/runtime/admin-main.min.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
-(function(t,e){function i(t){var e=window.aksrt_admin_main_var&&window.aksrt_admin_main_var.i18n;return e&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t)?e[t]:t}function n(t){var e=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1),n=i(t),a=0;return n.replace(/%(\d+\$)?s/g,function(t,i){var n=i?parseInt(i,10)-1:a++;return void 0!==e[n]&&null!==e[n]?e[n]:t})}function a(t,e,i,n,a){var s,r,d;n&&(e+="px",i+="px",s="translate3D("+e+","+i+" , 0)",r={},d=o(),r[d+"transform"]=s,r[d+"transition"]=d+"transform 0s linear",r.cursor=a,"null"==n&&(r[d+"transform"]="",r[d+"transition"]=""),t.css(r))}function o(){var t=e.body||e.documentElement;return t=t.style,""==t.WebkitTransition?"-webkit-":""==t.MozTransition?"-moz-":""==t.OTransition?"-o-":""==t.transition?"":void 0}t.fn.minitouch=function(e){e=t.extend({direction:"bottom",selector:"",depreciation:50,onStart:!1,onEnd:!1},e);var i=t(this),n=(t("body"),e.depreciation),o=0,s=0,r=0,d=0,l=0,c=0,p=0,m=!1;i.on("touchstart pointerdown MSPointerDown",e.selector,function(t){o=0,s=0,r=0,d=0,l=0,c=0,p=0,o=t.originalEvent.pageX||t.originalEvent.touches[0].pageX,s=t.originalEvent.pageY||t.originalEvent.touches[0].pageY,m=!0}).on("touchmove pointermove MSPointerMove",e.selector,function(i){r=i.originalEvent.pageX||i.originalEvent.touches[0].pageX,d=i.originalEvent.pageY||i.originalEvent.touches[0].pageY,c=r-o,p=d-s,l=180*Math.atan2(p,c)/Math.PI,"right"==e.direction&&(p=0,c=l>-40&&l<40&&c>0?c:0),"left"==e.direction&&(p=0,c=(l>150||l<-150)&&0>c?c:0),"top"==e.direction&&(c=0,p=l>-130&&l<-50&&0>p?p:0),"bottom"==e.direction&&(c=0,p=l>50&&l<130&&p>0?p:0),0===c&&0===p||(i.preventDefault(),a(t(this),c,p,m,"grab"))}).on("touchend touchcancel pointerup MSPointerUp",e.selector,function(){(Math.abs(c)>n||Math.abs(p)>n)&&0!=e.onEnd&&e.onEnd(i),a(t(this),0,0,"null",""),m=!1,o=0,s=0,r=0,d=0,l=0,c=0,p=0})},t(e).ready(function(t){function a(e,i,n,a){t(".notyn").length||l.append('<div class="notyn"></div>'),i=i||"success",n=n||5e3,n=n<100?1e3*n:n;var s=a?' id="'+a+'"':"",r=t('<div class="noty1"'+s+'><div class="notyf '+i+'">'+e+"</div></div>"),d=!a;a&&t("#"+a).length?(t("#"+a).find(".notyf").removeClass().addClass("notyf "+i).html(e),r=t("#"+a),d=!0):t(".notyn").append(r),d&&setTimeout(function(){o(r)},n)}function o(t){t.addClass("notyn-out"),setTimeout(function(){t.remove()},1e3)}function s(i,n,a,o){function s(t,e,i){if(t.createTextRange){var n=t.createTextRange();n.collapse(!0),n.moveStart("character",e),n.moveEnd("character",i-e),n.select()}else t.setSelectionRange(e,i),t.select()}var r=i.toString(),d=e.querySelector("#copy-input");d||(d=e.createElement("input"),d.id="copy-input",d.readOnly="readOnly",d.style.position="fixed",d.style.left="-2000px",d.style.zIndex="-1000",o.parentNode.appendChild(d)),d.value=r,s(d,0,r.length),e.execCommand("copy")?t.isFunction(n)&&n():t.isFunction(a)&&a(),d.blur()}var r=t("#toplevel_page_aksrtpay_page");if(r.length&&"zh-Hans"!==t("html").attr("lang")){r.find(".toplevel_page_aksrtpay_page .wp-menu-name").text(i("admin_menu_title_shop_center"));var d=r.find(".wp-submenu");d.find("a.wp-first-item").text(i("admin_menu_title_shop_center")),d.find("a").each(function(){var e=t(this).attr("href");e.endsWith("aksrtpay_page")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_shop_center")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_page#/order")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_order")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_page#/shipping")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_shipping")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_page#/after-sale")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_after_sale")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_income_page")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_income")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_rebate_page")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_card")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_product_page")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_product")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_charge_card_page")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_card")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_coupon_page")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_coupon")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_withdraw")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_withdraw")),e.endsWith("users.php")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_vip")),e.endsWith("aksrtpay_order_page")&&t(this).text(i("admin_menu_title_order_old"))})}var l=t("body");"function"!=typeof t.fn.serializeObject&&(t.fn.serializeObject=function(){var e={},i=this.serializeArray();return t.each(i,function(){void 0!==e[this.name]?(e[this.name].push||(e[this.name]=[e[this.name]]),e[this.name].push(this.value||"")):e[this.name]=this.value||""}),e}),l.width()<783&&t("#adminmenuwrap").minitouch({direction:"left",onEnd:function(){t("#wpwrap").removeClass("wp-responsive-open")}}),l.on("click",".noty1",function(){o(t(this))}),l.on("click","[data-clipboard-text]",function(){var e=t(this),o=e.attr("data-clipboard-text"),r=e.attr("data-clipboard-tag")||i("admin_content");s(o,function(){a(n("admin_copied",r))},function(){a(n("admin_copy_failed",r),"danger")},this)}),l.on("click",'[data-toggle="RefreshModal"]',function(){var e=t(this),i=e.attr("data-class")||"modal-mini",n=e.attr("data-remote"),a=e.attr("data-height")||200,o=e.attr("mobile-bottom")&&t(window).width()<769?" bottom":"",s="aksrt-modal flex jc fade"+o,r="refresh_modal",d=e.attr("new");r+=d?parseInt((Math.random()+1)*Math.pow(10,4)):"";var c="#"+r;if(!n){var p=e.attr("data-action"),m=e.attr("ajax-url")||wp&&wp.ajax&&wp.ajax.settings&&wp.ajax.settings.url||"/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php";n=m+"?action="+p}i+=" aksrt-modal-dialog";var u='<div class="'+s+'" id="'+r+'" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="false">                        <div class="aksrt-modal-backdrop"></div><div class="'+i+'" role="document"><div class="hide-btn dashicons dashicons-no-alt"></div>                            <div class="aksrt-modal-content"></div>                        </div>                            </div>',h='<div class="aksrt-modal-body" style="display:none;"></div><div class="flex jc loading-mask absolute main-bg radius8"><div class="em2x opacity5"><i class="rotate-loading"></i></div></div>',_=t(c);return _.length?(_.hasClass("in")&&(s+=" in"),_.removeClass().addClass(s),_.find(".aksrt-modal-dialog").removeClass().addClass(i),_.find(".loading-mask").fadeIn(200),_.find(".aksrt-modal-content").css({overflow:"hidden"}).animate({height:a})):(l.append(u),_=t(c),d&&_.on("hide.modal",function(){t(this).remove()}),_.find(".aksrt-modal-content").html(h).css({height:a,overflow:"hidden"})),_.aksrt_modal("show"),t.get(n,null,function(e){_.find(".aksrt-modal-body").html(e).slideDown(200,function(){_.trigger("loaded.modal").find(".loading-mask").fadeOut(200);var e=t(this).outerHeight();_.find(".aksrt-modal-content").animate({height:e},200,"swing",function(){_.find(".aksrt-modal-content").css({height:"",overflow:"",transition:""})})})}),!1}),t.fn.aksrt_modal=function(e){function i(t){t.css("display","flex"),setTimeout(function(){t.addClass("in").trigger("show.modal")},10)}function n(t){t.removeClass("in").trigger("hide.modal"),setTimeout(function(){t.css("display","none")},300)}var a=t(this);switch(e){case"show":i(a);break;case"hide":n(a)}l.data("aksrt-modal-is-on")||(l.on("click",".aksrt-modal-backdrop,.hide-btn",function(){t(t(this).parents(".aksrt-modal.in")[0]).aksrt_modal("hide")}),l.data("aksrt-modal-is-on",!0))},l.on("click",".aksrt-tab-toggle",function(){var e=t(this),i=e.attr("tab-id");if(!e.parent().hasClass("active")){var n=e.parent().addClass("active").siblings().removeClass("active").parent().parent().find('[tab-id="'+i+'"]');n.siblings().removeClass("in"),setTimeout(function(){n.addClass("active").siblings().removeClass("active")},150),setTimeout(function(){n.addClass("in")},160)}}),l.on("click",".process-submit",function(){return confirm(i("admin_confirm_process"))});var c=t(".options-general-php input#siteurl");if(c.length){var p='<div class="flex ac admin-url-set-warning" style="color: #e13535;background: #fbedea;padding: 10px;border-radius: 6px;border: 1px solid #ffbdbd;margin-top: 6px;"><span class="mb6 em2x mr20 dashicons dashicons-warning"></span><div>'+i("admin_url_warning")+'<br><a target="_blank" href="">'+i("admin_url_tutorial")+'</a> | <a target="_blank" href="">'+i("admin_url_plugin")+"</a></div></div>";c.after(p)}var m=t('input[name="show_on_front"]:eq(0)');if(m.length){var u=m.parent();u.html(u.html().replace("您的最新文章",i("admin_home_latest_posts")));var h=t('select[name="page_for_posts"]:eq(0)');if(h.length){var _=h.parent();_.html(_.html().replace("文章页：",i("admin_home_posts_page"))).parent().append('<p class="description em09">'+i("admin_home_posts_page_desc")+"</p>")}var v=t('[for="posts_per_page"]:eq(0)');v.length&&v.html(v.html().replace("博客页面至多显示",i("admin_posts_per_page"))).parent().next().append('<p class="description em09">'+i("admin_posts_per_page_desc")+"</p>")}var f=t(".menu-edit .drag-instructions");if(f.length){var g='<div class="c-yellow">'+i("admin_menu_pc_warning")+'</div><div class="">'+i("admin_menu_mobile_hint")+"</div>";f.append(g)}var b=t(".permalink-structure .available-structure-tags");b.length&&b.append('<div class="mt10 c-blue">'+i("admin_permalink_recommend")+'</div><div class="mt10 c-yellow mb10">'+i("admin_permalink_rewrite")+'</div><button type="submit" style="cursor: pointer;" class="but jb-blue permalink-structure-auto-btn">'+i("admin_permalink_auto_save")+"</button>"),l.on("click",".permalink-structure-auto-btn",function(){t('.permalink-structure [name="permalink_structure"]').val("/%post_id%.html").click()}),console.log("\n %c legacy Theme %c https://legacy.com \n","color: #fadfa3; background: #030307; padding:3px; font-size:12px;","color: #2abd4e;background: #16171a; padding: 3px; font-size: 12px;")})})(jQuery,document);
\ No newline at end of file
+(function(k,w){function e(t){var c=window.aksrt_admin_main_var&&window.aksrt_admin_main_var.i18n;return c&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(c,t)?c[t]:t}function M(t){var c=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1),g=e(t),n=0;return g.replace(/%(\d+\$)?s/g,function(v,h){var d=h?parseInt(h,10)-1:n++;return c[d]!==void 0&&c[d]!==null?c[d]:v})}function W(t,c,g,n,v){var h,d,r;n&&(c+="px",g+="px",h="translate3D("+c+","+g+" , 0)",d={},r=P(),d[r+"transform"]=h,d[r+"transition"]=r+"transform 0s linear",d.cursor=v,n=="null"&&(d[r+"transform"]="",d[r+"transition"]=""),t.css(d))}function P(){var t=w.body||w.documentElement;return t=t.style,t.WebkitTransition==""?"-webkit-":t.MozTransition==""?"-moz-":t.OTransition==""?"-o-":t.transition==""?"":void 0}k.fn.minitouch=function(t){t=k.extend({direction:"bottom",selector:"",depreciation:50,onStart:!1,onEnd:!1},t);var c=k(this),g=(k("body"),t.depreciation),n=0,v=0,h=0,d=0,r=0,p=0,l=0,x=!1;c.on("touchstart pointerdown MSPointerDown",t.selector,function(_){n=0,v=0,h=0,d=0,r=0,p=0,l=0,n=_.originalEvent.pageX||_.originalEvent.touches[0].pageX,v=_.originalEvent.pageY||_.originalEvent.touches[0].pageY,x=!0}).on("touchmove pointermove MSPointerMove",t.selector,function(_){h=_.originalEvent.pageX||_.originalEvent.touches[0].pageX,d=_.originalEvent.pageY||_.originalEvent.touches[0].pageY,p=h-n,l=d-v,r=180*Math.atan2(l,p)/Math.PI,t.direction=="right"&&(l=0,p=r>-40&&r<40&&p>0?p:0),t.direction=="left"&&(l=0,p=(r>150||r<-150)&&0>p?p:0),t.direction=="top"&&(p=0,l=r>-130&&r<-50&&0>l?l:0),t.direction=="bottom"&&(p=0,l=r>50&&r<130&&l>0?l:0),p===0&&l===0||(_.preventDefault(),W(k(this),p,l,x,"grab"))}).on("touchend touchcancel pointerup MSPointerUp",t.selector,function(){(Math.abs(p)>g||Math.abs(l)>g)&&t.onEnd!=0&&t.onEnd(c),W(k(this),0,0,"null",""),x=!1,n=0,v=0,h=0,d=0,r=0,p=0,l=0})},k(w).ready(function(t){var c=t("#toplevel_page_aksrtpay_page");if(c.length&&t("html").attr("lang")!=="zh-Hans"){c.find(".toplevel_page_aksrtpay_page .wp-menu-name").text(e("admin_menu_title_shop_center"));var g=c.find(".wp-submenu");g.find("a.wp-first-item").text(e("admin_menu_title_shop_center")),g.find("a").each(function(){var a=t(this).attr("href");a.endsWith("aksrtpay_page")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_shop_center")),a.endsWith("aksrtpay_page#/order")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_order")),a.endsWith("aksrtpay_page#/shipping")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_shipping")),a.endsWith("aksrtpay_page#/after-sale")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_after_sale")),a.endsWith("aksrtpay_income_page")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_income")),a.endsWith("aksrtpay_product_page")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_product")),a.endsWith("aksrtpay_charge_card_page")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_card")),a.endsWith("aksrtpay_coupon_page")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_coupon")),a.endsWith("aksrtpay_withdraw")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_withdraw")),a.endsWith("users.php")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_vip")),a.endsWith("aksrtpay_order_page")&&t(this).text(e("admin_menu_title_order_old"))})}var n=t("body");typeof t.fn.serializeObject!="function"&&(t.fn.serializeObject=function(){var a={},s=this.serializeArray();return t.each(s,function(){a[this.name]!==void 0?(a[this.name].push||(a[this.name]=[a[this.name]]),a[this.name].push(this.value||"")):a[this.name]=this.value||""}),a}),n.width()<783&&t("#adminmenuwrap").minitouch({direction:"left",onEnd:function(){t("#wpwrap").removeClass("wp-responsive-open")}});function v(a,s,i,m){t(".notyn").length||n.append('<div class="notyn"></div>'),s=s||"success",i=i||5e3,i=i<100?i*1e3:i;var f=m?' id="'+m+'"':"",o=t('<div class="noty1"'+f+'><div class="notyf '+s+'">'+a+"</div></div>"),b=!m;m&&t("#"+m).length?(t("#"+m).find(".notyf").removeClass().addClass("notyf "+s).html(a),o=t("#"+m),b=!0):t(".notyn").append(o),b&&setTimeout(function(){h(o)},i)}function h(a){a.addClass("notyn-out"),setTimeout(function(){a.remove()},1e3)}n.on("click",".noty1",function(){h(t(this))});function d(a,s,i,m){var f=a.toString(),o=w.querySelector("#copy-input");o||(o=w.createElement("input"),o.id="copy-input",o.readOnly="readOnly",o.style.position="fixed",o.style.left="-2000px",o.style.zIndex="-1000",m.parentNode.appendChild(o)),o.value=f,b(o,0,f.length),w.execCommand("copy")?t.isFunction(s)&&s():t.isFunction(i)&&i(),o.blur();function b(y,C,E){if(y.createTextRange){var T=y.createTextRange();T.collapse(!0),T.moveStart("character",C),T.moveEnd("character",E-C),T.select()}else y.setSelectionRange(C,E),y.select()}}n.on("click","[data-clipboard-text]",function(){var a=t(this),s=a.attr("data-clipboard-text"),i=a.attr("data-clipboard-tag")||e("admin_content");d(s,function(){v(M("admin_copied",i))},function(){v(M("admin_copy_failed",i),"danger")},this)}),n.on("click",'[data-toggle="RefreshModal"]',function(){var a=t(this),s=a.attr("data-class")||"modal-mini",i=a.attr("data-remote"),m=a.attr("data-height")||200,f=a.attr("mobile-bottom")&&t(window).width()<769?" bottom":"",o="aksrt-modal flex jc fade"+f,b="refresh_modal",y=a.attr("new");b+=y?parseInt((Math.random()+1)*Math.pow(10,4)):"";var C="#"+b;if(!i){var E=a.attr("data-action"),T=a.attr("ajax-url")||wp&&wp.ajax&&wp.ajax.settings&&wp.ajax.settings.url||"/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php";i=T+"?action="+E}s+=" aksrt-modal-dialog";var D='<div class="'+o+'" id="'+b+'" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="false">                        <div class="aksrt-modal-backdrop"></div><div class="'+s+'" role="document"><div class="hide-btn dashicons dashicons-no-alt"></div>                            <div class="aksrt-modal-content"></div>                        </div>                            </div>',R='<div class="aksrt-modal-body" style="display:none;"></div><div class="flex jc loading-mask absolute main-bg radius8"><div class="em2x opacity5"><i class="rotate-loading"></i></div></div>',u=t(C);return u.length?(u.hasClass("in")&&(o+=" in"),u.removeClass().addClass(o),u.find(".aksrt-modal-dialog").removeClass().addClass(s),u.find(".loading-mask").fadeIn(200),u.find(".aksrt-modal-content").css({overflow:"hidden"}).animate({height:m})):(n.append(D),u=t(C),y&&u.on("hide.modal",function(){t(this).remove()}),u.find(".aksrt-modal-content").html(R).css({height:m,overflow:"hidden"})),u.aksrt_modal("show"),t.get(i,null,function(X){u.find(".aksrt-modal-body").html(X).slideDown(200,function(){u.trigger("loaded.modal").find(".loading-mask").fadeOut(200);var Y=t(this).outerHeight();u.find(".aksrt-modal-content").animate({height:Y},200,"swing",function(){u.find(".aksrt-modal-content").css({height:"",overflow:"",transition:""})})})}),!1}),t.fn.aksrt_modal=function(a){var s=t(this);switch(a){case"show":{i(s);break}case"hide":{m(s);break}}function i(f){f.css("display","flex"),setTimeout(function(){f.addClass("in").trigger("show.modal")},10)}function m(f){f.removeClass("in").trigger("hide.modal"),setTimeout(function(){f.css("display","none")},300)}n.data("aksrt-modal-is-on")||(n.on("click",".aksrt-modal-backdrop,.hide-btn",function(){t(t(this).parents(".aksrt-modal.in")[0]).aksrt_modal("hide")}),n.data("aksrt-modal-is-on",!0))},n.on("click",".aksrt-tab-toggle",function(){var a=t(this),s=a.attr("tab-id");if(!a.parent().hasClass("active")){var i=a.parent().addClass("active").siblings().removeClass("active").parent().parent().find('[tab-id="'+s+'"]');i.siblings().removeClass("in"),setTimeout(function(){i.addClass("active").siblings().removeClass("active")},150),setTimeout(function(){i.addClass("in")},160)}}),n.on("click",".process-submit",function(){return confirm(e("admin_confirm_process"))});var r=t(".options-general-php input#siteurl");if(r.length){var p='<div class="flex ac admin-url-set-warning" style="color: #e13535;background: #fbedea;padding: 10px;border-radius: 6px;border: 1px solid #ffbdbd;margin-top: 6px;"><span class="mb6 em2x mr20 dashicons dashicons-warning"></span><div>'+e("admin_url_warning")+'<br><a target="_blank" href="""">'+e("admin_url_tutorial")+'</a> | <a target="_blank" href="""">'+e("admin_url_plugin")+"</a></div></div>";r.after(p)}var l=t('input[name="show_on_front"]:eq(0)');if(l.length){var x=l.parent();x.html(x.html().replace("\u60A8\u7684\u6700\u65B0\u6587\u7AE0",e("admin_home_latest_posts")));var _=t('select[name="page_for_posts"]:eq(0)');if(_.length){var S=_.parent();S.html(S.html().replace("\u6587\u7AE0\u9875\uFF1A",e("admin_home_posts_page"))).parent().append('<p class="description em09">'+e("admin_home_posts_page_desc")+"</p>")}var j=t('[for="posts_per_page"]:eq(0)');j.length&&j.html(j.html().replace("\u535A\u5BA2\u9875\u9762\u81F3\u591A\u663E\u793A",e("admin_posts_per_page"))).parent().next().append('<p class="description em09">'+e("admin_posts_per_page_desc")+"</p>")}var z=t(".menu-edit .drag-instructions");if(z.length){var q='<div class="c-yellow">'+e("admin_menu_pc_warning")+'</div><div class="">'+e("admin_menu_mobile_hint")+"</div>";z.append(q)}var O=t(".permalink-structure .available-structure-tags");O.length&&O.append('<div class="mt10 c-blue">'+e("admin_permalink_recommend")+'</div><div class="mt10 c-yellow mb10">'+e("admin_permalink_rewrite")+'</div><button type="submit" style="cursor: pointer;" class="but jb-blue permalink-structure-auto-btn">'+e("admin_permalink_auto_save")+"</button>"),n.on("click",".permalink-structure-auto-btn",function(){t('.permalink-structure [name="permalink_structure"]').val("/%post_id%.html").click()}),console.log("%c legacy Theme %c https://legacy.com","color: #fadfa3; background: #030307; padding:3px; font-size:12px;","color: #2abd4e;background: #16171a; padding: 3px; font-size: 12px;")})})(jQuery,document);
diff --git a/assets/js/vip-purchase-coordinator.js b/assets/js/vip-purchase-coordinator.js
index 90810066..ffcff75d 100644
--- a/assets/js/vip-purchase-coordinator.js
+++ b/assets/js/vip-purchase-coordinator.js
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
   var DEFAULT_MAX_ELAPSED = 120000;
   var MAX_DELAY = 15000;
   var createFlights = Object.create(null);
+  var operationKeys = Object.create(null);
   var polls = Object.create(null);
   var lastScope = "";
   var scopeGeneration = 0;
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
       if (flight && typeof flight.cancel === "function") flight.cancel();
     });
     createFlights = Object.create(null);
+    operationKeys = Object.create(null);
     Object.keys(polls).forEach(function (pollKey) {
       var active = polls[pollKey];
       if (active && active.handle && typeof active.handle.abort === "function") active.handle.abort();
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@
 
     var key = userScope() + ":" + String(packageId) + ":" + method;
     if (createFlights[key]) return createFlights[key].promise;
+    if (!operationKeys[key]) operationKeys[key] = window.AksrtRequest.createIdempotencyKey();
 
     var requestController = !options.signal && window.AbortController
       ? new window.AbortController()
@@ -122,6 +125,7 @@
     var flight = {
       promise: request("/pay/vip", {
         method: "POST",
+        headers: { "Idempotency-Key": operationKeys[key] },
         body: JSON.stringify({
           package_id: packageId,
           payment_method: method,
@@ -143,22 +147,31 @@
     }, function () {
       if (createFlights[key] === flight) delete createFlights[key];
     });
+    flight.promise.then(function (response) {
+      if (response.ok) delete operationKeys[key];
+    });
     return flight.promise;
   }
 
   function exchange(options) {
     options = options || {};
-    userScope();
+    var scope = userScope();
     var packageId = parseInt(options.packageId || options.package_id || 0, 10);
     if (!packageId) {
       return Promise.resolve({ ok: false, status: 400, json: { message: "兑换套餐无效" } });
     }
+    var key = scope + ":points-exchange:" + String(packageId);
+    if (!operationKeys[key]) operationKeys[key] = window.AksrtRequest.createIdempotencyKey();
     return request("/pay/vip/points-exchange", {
       method: "POST",
+      headers: { "Idempotency-Key": operationKeys[key] },
       body: JSON.stringify({ package_id: packageId }),
       signal: options.signal,
     }).then(function (response) {
-      if (response.ok) invalidate(options.tags || ["vip", "orders"]);
+      if (response.ok) {
+        delete operationKeys[key];
+        invalidate(options.tags || ["vip", "orders"]);
+      }
       return response;
     });
   }
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-coupon-order.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-coupon-order.php
index 58d787d1..73afadf3 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-coupon-order.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-coupon-order.php
@@ -48,27 +48,26 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_burn_order_coupon')) {
 
         $coupon = is_array($meta['coupon'] ?? null) ? $meta['coupon'] : [];
         $coupon_code = sanitize_text_field((string) ($coupon['code'] ?? $meta['coupon_code'] ?? ''));
-        $coupon_discount = (float) ($meta['coupon_discount'] ?? $meta['discount'] ?? ($coupon['discount'] ?? 0));
+        $coupon_discount = (string) ($meta['coupon_discount'] ?? $meta['discount'] ?? ($coupon['discount'] ?? '0.00'));
         if ($coupon_code === '') {
             return false;
         }
+		try {
+			$coupon_discount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($coupon_discount)->decimal();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
 
         $coupon_api = \AKSRT\Payment\Coupon::get_instance();
-        $coupon_api->use_coupon($coupon_code);
-
-        // Prefer snapshot id: post-increment validate may fail on usage_limit edge.
         $coupon_id = (int) ($coupon['id'] ?? 0);
         if ($coupon_id <= 0) {
-            $validated = $coupon_api->validate($coupon_code, max(0.01, $coupon_discount), [
-                'user_id' => max(0, $buyer_id),
-            ]);
-            $coupon_id = (int) ($validated['coupon']['id'] ?? 0);
+            return false;
         }
 
-        if ($coupon_id > 0) {
-            $coupon_api->log_usage($coupon_id, max(0, $buyer_id), $order_number, max(0.0, $coupon_discount));
+        if (!$coupon_api->log_usage($coupon_id, max(0, $buyer_id), $order_number, $coupon_discount)) {
+            return aksrt_coupon_usage_exists($order_number);
         }
 
-        return true;
+        return $coupon_api->use_coupon($coupon_code);
     }
 }
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-credits.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-credits.php
index b255f9bb..6ae64bb7 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-credits.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-credits.php
@@ -1,76 +1,38 @@
 <?php
 /**
- * AKSRT Credits Helper
- *
- * 模板层使用的顶层辅助函数：
- *   aksrt_user_credits($user_id = 0)   读取余额
- *   aksrt_format_credits(int $n)       格式化展示
- *   aksrt_credits_label(string $reason) 流水原因 → 友好文案
+ * Unified asset presentation helpers.
  *
  * @package AKSRT
  */
 
 defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 
-if (!function_exists('aksrt_user_credits')) {
-    /**
-     * 取用户当前积分余额。
-     *
-     * @param int $user_id 0 表示当前登录用户
-     * @return int
-     */
-    function aksrt_user_credits(int $user_id = 0): int {
-        if ($user_id <= 0) $user_id = get_current_user_id();
-        if ($user_id <= 0) return 0;
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) return 0;
-        return \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($user_id);
-    }
+if (!function_exists('aksrt_user_points')) {
+	function aksrt_user_points(int $user_id = 0): int {
+		$user_id = $user_id > 0 ? $user_id : get_current_user_id();
+		return $user_id > 0
+			? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS)
+			: 0;
+	}
 }
 
-if (!function_exists('aksrt_format_credits')) {
-    function aksrt_format_credits(int $n): string {
-        return number_format_i18n($n);
-    }
+if (!function_exists('aksrt_user_balance_decimal')) {
+	function aksrt_user_balance_decimal(int $user_id = 0): string {
+		$user_id = $user_id > 0 ? $user_id : get_current_user_id();
+		return $user_id > 0
+			? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id)
+			: '0.00';
+	}
 }
 
-if (!function_exists('aksrt_credits_label')) {
-    /**
-     * 把 reason 字段翻译成展示文案。
-     */
-    function aksrt_credits_label(string $reason): string {
-        $map = [
-            'register'     => __('注册赠送', 'aksrt'),
-            'signin'       => __('每日签到', 'aksrt'),
-            'comment'      => __('发表评论', 'aksrt'),
-            'referral'     => __('推广注册奖励', 'aksrt'),
-            'referral_new_user' => __('推广注册新用户奖励', 'aksrt'),
-            'download'     => __('下载消费', 'aksrt'),
-            'admin'        => __('管理员调整', 'aksrt'),
-            'refund'       => __('退款', 'aksrt'),
-            'free_sign_up' => __('注册奖励', 'aksrt'),
-            'free_sign_in' => __('每日签到', 'aksrt'),
-            'free_login'   => __('每日登录', 'aksrt'),
-            'free_followed'=> __('被关注', 'aksrt'),
-            'free_post_new'=> __('发布文章', 'aksrt'),
-            'free_post_like'=> __('文章被赞', 'aksrt'),
-            'free_post_favorite'=> __('文章被收藏', 'aksrt'),
-            'free_comment_new'=> __('发表评论', 'aksrt'),
-            'free_comment_like'=> __('评论被赞', 'aksrt'),
-            'points_exchange_in' => __('余额兑换积分', 'aksrt'),
-            'transfer_in' => __('积分转入', 'aksrt'),
-            'transfer_out' => __('积分转出', 'aksrt'),
-            'transfer_refund' => __('积分转账退款', 'aksrt'),
-        ];
-        if (isset($map[$reason])) {
-            return $map[$reason];
-        }
-        if (str_starts_with($reason, 'free_') && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\PointsFree')) {
-            $key = substr($reason, 5);
-            $cat = \AKSRT\Credits\PointsFree::catalog();
-            if (isset($cat[$key][0])) {
-                return (string) $cat[$key][0];
-            }
-        }
-        return $reason;
-    }
+if (!function_exists('aksrt_format_points')) {
+	function aksrt_format_points(int $points): string {
+		return number_format_i18n($points);
+	}
+}
+
+if (!function_exists('aksrt_asset_reason_label')) {
+	function aksrt_asset_reason_label(string $reason): string {
+		return \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerPresentation::reason_label($reason);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-frontend-tags.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-frontend-tags.php
index 8a07b1e2..d51641b7 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-frontend-tags.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-frontend-tags.php
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_resolve_single_post_display_settings')) :
 				'rewards_enabled'      => false,
 				'rewards_text'         => '',
 				'rewards_btn_text'     => '赞赏',
-				'rewards_amounts'      => [5, 10, 20, 50, 100],
+				'rewards_amounts'      => ['5.00', '10.00', '20.00', '50.00', '100.00'],
 				'rewards_custom'       => true,
-				'rewards_min'          => 1,
-				'rewards_max'          => 1000,
+				'rewards_min'          => '1.00',
+				'rewards_max'          => '1000.00',
 				'maxheight_enabled'    => false,
 				'maxheight'            => 1000,
 				'copyright_enabled'    => true,
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-header-userbox.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-header-userbox.php
index 5d9ab8a8..16e05a7d 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-header-userbox.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-header-userbox.php
@@ -77,14 +77,11 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_header_user_wallet_mini')) :
 		if ($user_id <= 0) {
 			return '';
 		}
-		$credits = function_exists('aksrt_user_credits') ? (int) aksrt_user_credits($user_id) : 0;
+		$credits = aksrt_user_points($user_id);
 		$currency = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')
 			? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_currency_name()
 			: __('积分', 'aksrt');
-		$wallet = 0.0;
-		if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')) {
-			$wallet = (float) \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::balance($user_id);
-		}
+		$wallet = aksrt_user_balance_decimal($user_id);
 		$center = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_center_url') ? aksrt_get_user_center_url('credits') : '#';
 
 		$html  = '<a class="aksrt-header-wallet flex ac jsb" href="' . esc_url($center) . '">';
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-pay.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-pay.php
index d796bb26..7d734b30 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-pay.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-pay.php
@@ -35,6 +35,30 @@ if (!defined('AKSRT_PAY_TYPE_VIP')) {
     define('AKSRT_PAY_TYPE_VIP', \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_VIP);
 }
 
+if (!function_exists('aksrt_asset_price_minor')) {
+    function aksrt_asset_price_minor($value, string $pay_modo): int {
+        if ($pay_modo === 'points') {
+            return is_int($value) ? max(0, $value) : 0;
+        }
+        if (!is_string($value)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($value);
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+if (!function_exists('aksrt_asset_price_value')) {
+    function aksrt_asset_price_value(int $minor, string $pay_modo) {
+        return $pay_modo === 'points'
+            ? max(0, $minor)
+            : \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor(max(0, $minor));
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * 检查用户是否为 VIP 豁免用户（免扣积分下载）。
  *
@@ -195,18 +219,18 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_download_box_meta')) {
         if (!in_array($pay_limit, [0, 1, 2], true)) {
             $pay_limit = 0;
         }
-        $over_price = max(0.0, (float) ($pay_meta['download_limit_over_price'] ?? 0));
+        $over_price = $pay_meta['download_limit_over_price'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00');
 
         return [
             'version'         => (string) ($pay_meta['version'] ?? ''),
             'size'            => (string) ($pay_meta['size'] ?? ''),
-            'price'           => (float) ($pay_meta['price'] ?? 0),
+            'price'           => (string) ($pay_meta['price'] ?? '0.00'),
             'points_price'    => (int) ($pay_meta['points_price'] ?? 0),
             'pay_modo'        => $pay_modo,
             'pay_limit'       => $pay_limit,
-            'original_price'  => (float) ($pay_meta['original_price'] ?? 0),
-            'vip1_price'      => (float) ($pay_meta['vip1_price'] ?? 0),
-            'vip2_price'      => (float) ($pay_meta['vip2_price'] ?? 0),
+            'original_price'  => (string) ($pay_meta['original_price'] ?? '0.00'),
+            'vip1_price'      => (string) ($pay_meta['vip1_price'] ?? '0.00'),
+            'vip2_price'      => (string) ($pay_meta['vip2_price'] ?? '0.00'),
             'vip1_points'     => (int) ($pay_meta['vip1_points'] ?? 0),
             'vip2_points'     => (int) ($pay_meta['vip2_points'] ?? 0),
             'pay_type'        => (string) ($pay_meta['pay_type'] ?? AKSRT_PAY_TYPE_NO),
@@ -349,8 +373,8 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_content_order_cookie_token_key')) {
         $post_id = (int) ($order['product_id'] ?? $meta['post_id'] ?? 0);
         $num = (string) ($order['order_number'] ?? '');
         $amount = function_exists('aksrt_format_price')
-            ? aksrt_format_price((float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0))
-            : (string) round((float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0), 2);
+            ? aksrt_format_price((string) ($order['amount'] ?? '0.00'))
+            : (string) ($order['amount'] ?? '0.00');
         return $id . '_' . $post_id . '_' . trim($num) . '_' . $amount . '_' . trim($ip);
     }
 }
@@ -484,7 +508,7 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_guest_has_paid_access')) {
  *
  * @param int|WP_Post|null $post
  * @param int              $user_id
- * @return array{amount:float,base:float,vip_amount:float,modo:string,currency:string,is_free:bool,pay_limit:int,vip_level:int,original:float,vip1:float,vip2:float}
+ * @return array{amount:int|string,base:int|string,vip_amount:int|string|null,modo:string,currency:string,is_free:bool,pay_limit:int,vip_level:int,original:int|string,vip1:int|string,vip2:int|string}
  */
 if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_user_pay_price')) {
     function aksrt_get_user_pay_price($post = null, int $user_id = 0): array {
@@ -512,49 +536,74 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_user_pay_price')) {
         }
 
         if ($pay_modo === 'points') {
-            $base = (float) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0);
-            $vip1 = (float) ($meta['vip1_points'] ?? 0);
-            $vip2 = (float) ($meta['vip2_points'] ?? 0);
+            $base_minor = max(0, (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0));
+            $vip1_minor = max(0, (int) ($meta['vip1_points'] ?? 0));
+            $vip2_minor = max(0, (int) ($meta['vip2_points'] ?? 0));
             $currency_label = $currency;
         } else {
-            $base = (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0);
-            $vip1 = (float) ($meta['vip1_price'] ?? 0);
-            $vip2 = (float) ($meta['vip2_price'] ?? 0);
+            $parse_cash = static function ($value): int {
+                if (!is_string($value)) {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                try {
+                    return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($value);
+                } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            };
+            $base_minor = $parse_cash($meta['price'] ?? '0');
+            $vip1_minor = $parse_cash($meta['vip1_price'] ?? '0');
+            $vip2_minor = $parse_cash($meta['vip2_price'] ?? '0');
             $currency_label = $cash_symbol;
         }
 
         // Positive VIP tier prices only (0 defaults mean "not configured").
-        $vip_amount = -1.0;
-        if ($vip_level >= 2 && $vip2 > 0) {
-            $vip_amount = $vip2;
-        } elseif ($vip_level >= 1 && $vip1 > 0) {
-            $vip_amount = $vip1;
+        $vip_minor = null;
+        if ($vip_level >= 2 && $vip2_minor > 0) {
+            $vip_minor = $vip2_minor;
+        } elseif ($vip_level >= 1 && $vip1_minor > 0) {
+            $vip_minor = $vip1_minor;
         }
 
-        $amount = $base;
-        if ($vip_amount >= 0 && ($base <= 0 || $vip_amount < $base)) {
-            $amount = $vip_amount;
+        $amount_minor = $base_minor;
+        if ($vip_minor !== null && ($base_minor <= 0 || $vip_minor < $base_minor)) {
+            $amount_minor = $vip_minor;
         }
 
         // Role/VIP free-download exemption (global setting).
-        if ($amount > 0 && $uid > 0 && function_exists('aksrt_is_download_credit_exempt_user') && aksrt_is_download_credit_exempt_user($uid)) {
-            $amount = 0.0;
+        if ($amount_minor > 0 && $uid > 0 && function_exists('aksrt_is_download_credit_exempt_user') && aksrt_is_download_credit_exempt_user($uid)) {
+            $amount_minor = 0;
         }
 
-        $original = (float) ($meta['original_price'] ?? 0);
+        if ($pay_modo === 'points') {
+            $original = max(0, (int) ($meta['original_price'] ?? 0));
+            $amount = $amount_minor;
+            $base = $base_minor;
+            $vip1 = $vip1_minor;
+            $vip2 = $vip2_minor;
+            $vip_amount = $vip_minor;
+        } else {
+            $original_minor = $parse_cash($meta['original_price'] ?? '0');
+            $amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($amount_minor);
+            $base = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($base_minor);
+            $vip1 = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($vip1_minor);
+            $vip2 = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($vip2_minor);
+            $vip_amount = $vip_minor === null ? null : \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($vip_minor);
+            $original = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($original_minor);
+        }
 
         return [
-            'amount'     => max(0.0, (float) $amount),
-            'base'       => max(0.0, (float) $base),
-            'vip_amount' => $vip_amount >= 0 ? max(0.0, (float) $vip_amount) : -1.0,
+            'amount'     => $amount,
+            'base'       => $base,
+            'vip_amount' => $vip_amount,
             'modo'       => $pay_modo,
             'currency'   => $currency_label,
-            'is_free'    => $amount <= 0,
+            'is_free'    => $amount_minor <= 0,
             'pay_limit'  => $pay_limit,
             'vip_level'  => $vip_level,
             'original'   => $original,
-            'vip1'       => max(0.0, (float) $vip1),
-            'vip2'       => max(0.0, (float) $vip2),
+            'vip1'       => $vip1,
+            'vip2'       => $vip2,
         ];
     }
 }
@@ -585,32 +634,33 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_is_content_coupon_allowed')) {
  * Cash only; mirrors aksrtpay_get_post_rebate_discount.
  */
 if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_post_rebate_discount')) {
-    function aksrt_get_post_rebate_discount($post = null, int $user_id = 0): float {
+    function aksrt_get_post_rebate_discount($post = null, int $user_id = 0): string {
         $meta = function_exists('aksrt_get_pay_meta') ? aksrt_get_pay_meta($post) : [];
-        $fixed = max(0.0, (float) ($meta['pay_rebate_discount'] ?? 0));
-        if ($fixed <= 0) {
-            return 0.0;
+        $fixed = is_string($meta['pay_rebate_discount'] ?? null) ? (string) $meta['pay_rebate_discount'] : '0.00';
+        $fixed_minor = aksrt_asset_price_minor($fixed, '0');
+        if ($fixed_minor <= 0) {
+            return '0.00';
         }
         if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') || !method_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings', 'get_payment_affiliate_settings')) {
-            return 0.0;
+            return '0.00';
         }
         $aff = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_affiliate_settings();
         if (empty($aff['enabled'])) {
-            return 0.0;
+            return '0.00';
         }
         $uid = $user_id > 0 ? $user_id : (function_exists('get_current_user_id') ? (int) get_current_user_id() : 0);
         $referrer_id = class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\ReferralAttribution')
             ? \AKSRT\Payment\ReferralAttribution::get_instance()->resolve($uid)
             : 0;
         if ($referrer_id <= 0) {
-            return 0.0;
+            return '0.00';
         }
         // Need a positive ratio for referrer (VIP tier of referrer preferred).
-        $ratio = (int) round(\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::affiliate_ratio_for_user($referrer_id));
+        $ratio = (int) \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::affiliate_ratio_for_user($referrer_id);
         if ($ratio <= 0) {
-            return 0.0;
+            return '0.00';
         }
-        return round($fixed, 2);
+        return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($fixed_minor);
     }
 }
 
@@ -702,10 +752,10 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_is_payshow_purchase_enabled')) {
 
         $pay_modo = ($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points' ? 'points' : '0';
         $price = $pay_modo === 'points'
-            ? (float) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0)
-            : (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0);
+            ? (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0)
+            : (string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0.00');
 
-        return $price > 0;
+        return aksrt_asset_price_minor($price, $pay_modo) > 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -751,7 +801,9 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_has_paid_access')) {
         // 兜底：仅在 service 不可用时使用，避免离线环境直接拒绝。
         $meta = aksrt_get_pay_meta($p);
         if ($meta['pay_type'] === AKSRT_PAY_TYPE_NO) return true;
-        if ((float) $meta['price'] <= 0 && $meta['pay_type'] !== AKSRT_PAY_TYPE_VIP) return true;
+        $pay_modo = ($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points' ? 'points' : '0';
+        $price = $pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0) : (string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0.00');
+        if (aksrt_asset_price_minor($price, $pay_modo) <= 0 && $meta['pay_type'] !== AKSRT_PAY_TYPE_VIP) return true;
 
         $uid = $user_id > 0 ? $user_id : get_current_user_id();
 
@@ -843,7 +895,10 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_download_cost')) {
         }
 
         $meta = aksrt_get_pay_meta($post);
-        return (int) ceil((float) $meta['price']);
+        if (($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') !== 'points') {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return max(0, (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0));
     }
 }
 
@@ -918,18 +973,19 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_pay_price_label')) {
                 'text' => __('会员专属', 'aksrt'),
                 'free' => false,
                 'amount' => 0,
-                'base' => is_array($priced) ? (float) ($priced['base'] ?? 0) : 0,
+                'base' => is_array($priced) ? ($priced['base'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00')) : ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00'),
                 'modo' => $pay_modo,
                 'pay_limit' => $pay_limit,
             ];
         }
 
         $price = is_array($priced)
-            ? (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0)
-            : ($pay_modo === 'points' ? (float) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0) : (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0));
-        $base = is_array($priced) ? (float) ($priced['base'] ?? $price) : $price;
+            ? ($priced['amount'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00'))
+            : ($pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0) : (string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0.00'));
+        $base = is_array($priced) ? ($priced['base'] ?? $price) : $price;
+        $price_minor = aksrt_asset_price_minor($price, $pay_modo);
 
-        if ($price <= 0) {
+        if ($price_minor <= 0) {
             return [
                 'text' => __('免费', 'aksrt'),
                 'free' => true,
@@ -963,9 +1019,21 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_pay_price_label')) {
 }
 
 if (!function_exists('aksrt_format_price')) {
-    function aksrt_format_price(float $price): string {
-        if (fmod($price, 1.0) === 0.0) return (string) (int) $price;
-        return rtrim(rtrim(number_format($price, 2, '.', ''), '0'), '.');
+    function aksrt_format_price($price): string {
+        if (is_int($price)) {
+            return (string) max(0, $price);
+        }
+        if (!is_string($price)) {
+            return '0';
+        }
+        try {
+            $decimal = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($price)->decimal();
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return '0';
+        }
+        return str_ends_with($decimal, '.00')
+            ? substr($decimal, 0, -3)
+            : rtrim($decimal, '0');
     }
 }
 
@@ -1132,7 +1200,10 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_paywall_html')) {
         $pay_type = $meta['pay_type'];
         $priced = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_pay_price') ? aksrt_get_user_pay_price($post) : null;
         $pay_modo = is_array($priced) ? ((($priced['modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0') : ((($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0');
-        $price = is_array($priced) ? (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0) : (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0);
+        $price = is_array($priced)
+            ? ($priced['amount'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00'))
+            : ($pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0) : (string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0.00'));
+        $price_minor = aksrt_asset_price_minor($price, $pay_modo);
         $vip_level = is_array($priced) ? (int) ($priced['vip_level'] ?? 0) : 0;
         $currency = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_currency_name() : __('积分', 'aksrt');
         $cash_symbol = '￥';
@@ -1156,8 +1227,11 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_paywall_html')) {
         }
         $login_url = function_exists('aksrt_get_login_url') ? aksrt_get_login_url() : wp_login_url(get_permalink($post));
         $is_logged_in = is_user_logged_in();
-        $original_price = (float) ($meta['original_price'] ?? 0);
-        $has_original = $original_price > 0 && $original_price > $price;
+        $original_price = $pay_modo === 'points'
+            ? max(0, (int) ($meta['original_price'] ?? 0))
+            : (string) ($meta['original_price'] ?? '0.00');
+        $original_minor = aksrt_asset_price_minor($original_price, $pay_modo);
+        $has_original = $original_minor > 0 && $original_minor > $price_minor;
         $pay_limit = (int) ($meta['pay_limit'] ?? 0);
         $member_blocked = $pay_limit > 0 && $vip_level < $pay_limit;
         $vip_url = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_center_tab_url')
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-resource.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-resource.php
index 18281336..b950542f 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-resource.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-resource.php
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_get_resource_meta')) {
         return [
             'version'         => (string) ($pay_meta['version'] ?? ''),
             'size'            => (string) ($pay_meta['size'] ?? ''),
-            'price'           => (float) ($pay_meta['price'] ?? 0),
+            'price'           => (string) ($pay_meta['price'] ?? '0.00'),
             'points_price'    => (int) ($pay_meta['points_price'] ?? 0),
             'pay_modo'        => (($pay_meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0',
             'pay_limit'       => in_array((int) ($pay_meta['pay_limit'] ?? 0), [0, 1, 2], true) ? (int) $pay_meta['pay_limit'] : 0,
-            'original_price'  => (float) ($pay_meta['original_price'] ?? 0),
-            'vip1_price'      => (float) ($pay_meta['vip1_price'] ?? 0),
-            'vip2_price'      => (float) ($pay_meta['vip2_price'] ?? 0),
+            'original_price'  => (string) ($pay_meta['original_price'] ?? '0.00'),
+            'vip1_price'      => (string) ($pay_meta['vip1_price'] ?? '0.00'),
+            'vip2_price'      => (string) ($pay_meta['vip2_price'] ?? '0.00'),
             'vip1_points'     => (int) ($pay_meta['vip1_points'] ?? 0),
             'vip2_points'     => (int) ($pay_meta['vip2_points'] ?? 0),
             'pay_type'        => (string) ($pay_meta['pay_type'] ?? \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_DOWNLOAD),
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_default_resource_meta')) {
         return [
             'version'         => (string) ($meta['version'] ?? ''),
             'size'            => (string) ($meta['size'] ?? ''),
-            'price'           => (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0),
+            'price'           => (string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0.00'),
             'points_price'    => (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0),
             'pay_modo'        => (($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0',
             'pay_limit'       => in_array((int) ($meta['pay_limit'] ?? 0), [0, 1, 2], true) ? (int) $meta['pay_limit'] : 0,
-            'original_price'  => (float) ($meta['original_price'] ?? 0),
-            'vip1_price'      => (float) ($meta['vip1_price'] ?? 0),
-            'vip2_price'      => (float) ($meta['vip2_price'] ?? 0),
+            'original_price'  => (string) ($meta['original_price'] ?? '0.00'),
+            'vip1_price'      => (string) ($meta['vip1_price'] ?? '0.00'),
+            'vip2_price'      => (string) ($meta['vip2_price'] ?? '0.00'),
             'vip1_points'     => (int) ($meta['vip1_points'] ?? 0),
             'vip2_points'     => (int) ($meta['vip2_points'] ?? 0),
             'pay_type'        => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_DOWNLOAD,
@@ -128,19 +128,18 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_resource_price_label')) {
     /**
      * 把价格数字渲染成展示徽章文案。
      *
-     * @param float $price
+     * @param int $price
      * @return array { text:string, free:bool }
      */
-    function aksrt_resource_price_label(float $price): array {
+    function aksrt_resource_price_label(int $price): array {
         if ($price <= 0) {
             return [
                 'text' => __('免费', 'aksrt'),
                 'free' => true,
             ];
         }
-        $n = (fmod($price, 1.0) === 0.0) ? (string) (int) $price : rtrim(rtrim(number_format($price, 2, '.', ''), '0'), '.');
         return [
-            'text' => sprintf(__('%s 积分', 'aksrt'), $n),
+            'text' => sprintf(__('%s 积分', 'aksrt'), (string) $price),
             'free' => false,
         ];
     }
@@ -150,15 +149,11 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_resource_price_amount')) {
     /**
      * Format the raw resource price number for compact UI labels.
      *
-     * @param float $price
+     * @param int $price
      * @return string
      */
-    function aksrt_resource_price_amount(float $price): string {
-        if (fmod($price, 1.0) === 0.0) {
-            return (string) (int) $price;
-        }
-
-        return rtrim(rtrim(number_format($price, 2, '.', ''), '0'), '.');
+    function aksrt_resource_price_amount(int $price): string {
+        return (string) max(0, $price);
     }
 }
 
@@ -201,14 +196,15 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_resource_card_badge_text')) {
         $priced = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_pay_price')
             ? aksrt_get_user_pay_price($p)
             : [
-                'amount' => $pay_modo === 'points' ? (float) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0) : (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0),
+                'amount' => $pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0) : (string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0.00'),
                 'modo'   => $pay_modo,
             ];
-        $price = (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0);
+        $price = $priced['amount'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00');
         $pay_modo = (($priced['modo'] ?? $pay_modo) === 'points') ? 'points' : '0';
+        $price_minor = function_exists('aksrt_asset_price_minor') ? aksrt_asset_price_minor($price, $pay_modo) : 0;
 
         // Free paid-type (price 0).
-        if ($price <= 0) {
+        if ($price_minor <= 0) {
             if ($pay_type === 'download') {
                 return __('免费资源', 'aksrt');
             }
@@ -218,7 +214,7 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_resource_card_badge_text')) {
         if ($pay_modo === 'points') {
             $currency = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_currency_name() : __('积分', 'aksrt');
             $amount = function_exists('aksrt_resource_price_amount')
-                ? aksrt_resource_price_amount($price)
+                ? aksrt_resource_price_amount($price_minor)
                 : (string) (int) $price;
             return sprintf('%s %s%s', $type_name, $amount, $currency);
         }
@@ -461,13 +457,11 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_resource_download_cost')) {
         }
 
         if (is_array($priced)) {
-            $price = (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0);
-            return $price > 0 ? (int) ceil($price) : 0;
+            return is_int($priced['amount'] ?? null) ? max(0, (int) $priced['amount']) : 0;
         }
 
         $meta = function_exists('aksrt_get_pay_meta') ? aksrt_get_pay_meta($post) : [];
-        $price = (float) ($meta['points_price'] ?? $meta['price'] ?? 0);
-        return $price > 0 ? (int) ceil($price) : 0;
+        return max(0, (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-rewards.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-rewards.php
index da4b1414..a4598788 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-rewards.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-rewards.php
@@ -44,6 +44,17 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_render_rewards_modal_for_user')) {
 		$done[$key] = true;
 		$settings = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_post_page_settings();
 		$amounts = (array) ($settings['rewards_amounts'] ?? [5, 10, 20, 50, 100]);
+		$render_amounts = [];
+		foreach ($amounts as $amount) {
+			try {
+				$parsed = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($amount) ? $amount : '');
+				if ($parsed->minor() > 0) {
+					$render_amounts[] = $parsed->decimal();
+				}
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
 		$recipient = get_userdata($user_id);
 		?>
 		<div class="reward-modal" id="reward-modal-<?php echo (int) $user_id; ?>" data-user-id="<?php echo (int) $user_id; ?>" data-post-id="<?php echo (int) $post_id; ?>" aria-hidden="true">
@@ -54,8 +65,8 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_render_rewards_modal_for_user')) {
 					<h3 id="reward-title-<?php echo (int) $user_id; ?>"><?php echo esc_html((string) ($settings['rewards_text'] ?? __('赞赏', 'aksrt'))); ?></h3>
 					<p class="muted-2-color em09"><?php printf(esc_html__('赞赏将直接进入 %s 的站内余额', 'aksrt'), esc_html($recipient ? $recipient->display_name : __('作者', 'aksrt'))); ?></p>
 					<div class="reward-amounts" data-aksrt-reward-amounts>
-						<?php foreach ($amounts as $index => $amount) : ?>
-							<button type="button" class="reward-amount<?php echo $index === 0 ? ' is-active' : ''; ?>" data-reward-amount="<?php echo esc_attr(number_format((float) $amount, 2, '.', '')); ?>">¥<?php echo esc_html(number_format_i18n((float) $amount, 2)); ?></button>
+						<?php foreach ($render_amounts as $index => $amount) : ?>
+							<button type="button" class="reward-amount<?php echo $index === 0 ? ' is-active' : ''; ?>" data-reward-amount="<?php echo esc_attr($amount); ?>">¥<?php echo esc_html($amount); ?></button>
 						<?php endforeach; ?>
 					</div>
 					<?php if (!empty($settings['rewards_custom'])) : ?>
@@ -75,7 +86,8 @@ add_action('wp_ajax_aksrt_submit_tip', function (): void {
 	if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
 		wp_send_json_error(['message' => __('请先登录后赞赏', 'aksrt')], 401);
 	}
-	if (!aksrt_rewards_enabled() || !class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') || !\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled()) {
+	$recharge = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings() : [];
+	if (!aksrt_rewards_enabled() || empty($recharge['enabled'])) {
 		wp_send_json_error(['message' => __('赞赏功能当前不可用', 'aksrt')], 400);
 	}
 
@@ -94,40 +106,63 @@ add_action('wp_ajax_aksrt_submit_tip', function (): void {
 	}
 
 	$settings = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_post_page_settings();
-	$amount = isset($_POST['amount']) ? round((float) wp_unslash($_POST['amount']), 2) : 0.0;
-	$minimum = (float) ($settings['rewards_min'] ?? 1);
-	$maximum = (float) ($settings['rewards_max'] ?? 1000);
-	if (!is_finite($amount) || $amount < $minimum || $amount > $maximum) {
-		wp_send_json_error(['message' => sprintf(__('赞赏金额需在 ¥%1$s 至 ¥%2$s 之间', 'aksrt'), number_format_i18n($minimum, 2), number_format_i18n($maximum, 2))], 400);
+	$raw_amount = isset($_POST['amount']) ? (string) wp_unslash($_POST['amount']) : '';
+	try {
+		$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($raw_amount);
+		$minimum = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($settings['rewards_min'] ?? null) ? $settings['rewards_min'] : '');
+		$maximum = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($settings['rewards_max'] ?? null) ? $settings['rewards_max'] : '');
+	} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+		wp_send_json_error(['message' => __('赞赏金额格式无效', 'aksrt')], 400);
+	}
+	if ($amount->minor() < $minimum->minor() || $amount->minor() > $maximum->minor()) {
+		wp_send_json_error(['message' => sprintf(__('赞赏金额需在 ¥%1$s 至 ¥%2$s 之间', 'aksrt'), $minimum->formatted(), $maximum->formatted())], 400);
 	}
 	if (empty($settings['rewards_custom'])) {
-		$allowed_amounts = array_map(static fn($value): float => round((float) $value, 2), (array) ($settings['rewards_amounts'] ?? []));
-		if (!in_array($amount, $allowed_amounts, true)) {
+		$allowed_amounts = [];
+		foreach ((array) ($settings['rewards_amounts'] ?? []) as $allowed) {
+			try {
+				$allowed_amounts[] = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($allowed) ? $allowed : '')->minor();
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!in_array($amount->minor(), $allowed_amounts, true)) {
 			wp_send_json_error(['message' => __('请选择预设的赞赏金额', 'aksrt')], 400);
 		}
 	}
+	$request_key = sanitize_text_field(wp_unslash((string) ($_SERVER['HTTP_IDEMPOTENCY_KEY'] ?? '')));
+	if (!wp_is_uuid($request_key)) {
+		wp_send_json_error(['message' => __('缺少或无效的 Idempotency-Key 请求头', 'aksrt')], 400);
+	}
+	$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('client-tip', [$sender_id, strtolower($request_key)]);
 
 	$rate_key = 'aksrt_tip_rate_' . $sender_id;
-	if (get_transient($rate_key)) {
+	$recent_operation = (string) get_transient($rate_key);
+	if ($recent_operation !== '' && !hash_equals($recent_operation, $operation_key)) {
 		wp_send_json_error(['message' => __('操作太频繁，请稍后再试', 'aksrt')], 429);
 	}
-	set_transient($rate_key, 1, 3);
+	set_transient($rate_key, $operation_key, 3);
 
-	$result = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::transfer(
+	$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->transfer(
 		$sender_id,
 		$recipient_id,
-		$amount,
-		'tip_sent',
-		'tip_received',
+		\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE,
+		$amount->minor(),
+		0,
+		$operation_key,
+		'tip',
 		['type' => 'tip', 'id' => $post_id],
-		$post_id > 0 ? sprintf(__('赞赏文章 #%d', 'aksrt'), $post_id) : __('用户赞赏', 'aksrt')
+		$post_id > 0 ? sprintf(__('赞赏文章 #%d', 'aksrt'), $post_id) : __('用户赞赏', 'aksrt'),
+		__('收到用户赞赏', 'aksrt')
 	);
 	if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-		wp_send_json_error(['message' => $result->get_error_message()], 400);
+		wp_send_json_error(['message' => $result->get_error_message()], (int) ($result->get_error_data()['status'] ?? 400));
 	}
 
 	wp_send_json_success([
 		'message' => __('赞赏成功，金额已进入对方余额', 'aksrt'),
-		'balance' => \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format((float) $result['sender_balance']),
+		'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+		'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+		'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $result->balance($sender_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE))->decimal(),
 	]);
 });
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-transactions.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-transactions.php
index c681a085..e5682cca 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-transactions.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-transactions.php
@@ -48,54 +48,3 @@ function aksrt_get_orders_page_view(int $user_id, int $paged = 1, int $per_page
 
     return $empty;
 }
-
-function aksrt_get_revenue_page_view(int $user_id): array {
-    $balance         = 0.0;
-    $total_earned    = 0.0;
-    $total_withdrawn = 0.0;
-    $records         = [];
-
-    if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')) {
-        $balance = (float) \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::balance($user_id);
-    }
-
-    if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Revenue')) {
-        $revenues = \AKSRT\Payment\Revenue::get_instance()->get_user_revenues($user_id, ['limit' => 200]);
-        foreach ($revenues as $rev) {
-            $row = is_array($rev) ? $rev : (array) $rev;
-            $total_earned += (float) ($row['amount'] ?? 0);
-            $records[] = [
-                'type'       => 'earning',
-                'title'      => (string) ($row['description'] ?? $row['type'] ?? __('创作分成', 'aksrt')),
-                'amount'     => (float) ($row['amount'] ?? 0),
-                'created_at' => (string) ($row['created_at'] ?? ''),
-            ];
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal')) {
-        $withdrawals = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->get_user_withdrawals($user_id, ['limit' => 200]);
-        foreach ($withdrawals as $w) {
-            $wrow = is_array($w) ? $w : (array) $w;
-            $total_withdrawn += (float) ($wrow['amount'] ?? 0);
-            $records[] = [
-                'type'       => 'withdrawal',
-                'title'      => __('提现', 'aksrt'),
-                'amount'     => (float) ($wrow['amount'] ?? 0),
-                'created_at' => (string) ($wrow['created_at'] ?? ''),
-                'status'     => (string) ($wrow['status'] ?? ''),
-            ];
-        }
-    }
-
-    usort($records, static function ($a, $b) {
-        return strcmp($b['created_at'] ?? '', $a['created_at'] ?? '');
-    });
-
-    return [
-        'balance'         => $balance,
-        'total_earned'    => $total_earned,
-        'total_withdrawn' => $total_withdrawn,
-        'records'         => $records,
-    ];
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-user-dashboard.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-user-dashboard.php
index c9d10c13..960258b6 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-user-dashboard.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-user-dashboard.php
@@ -70,16 +70,16 @@ function aksrt_get_user_dashboard_view(int $user_id, array $args = []): array {
     $background_url = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_cover_url') ? aksrt_get_user_cover_url($user_id) : '';
 
     $credits_enabled = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') && \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::credits_enabled();
-    $credit_balance  = $credits_enabled && $is_own_profile && function_exists('aksrt_user_credits')
-        ? (float) aksrt_user_credits($user_id)
+	$credit_balance  = $credits_enabled && $is_own_profile
+		? (float) aksrt_user_points($user_id)
         : 0.0;
     $currency_name = $credits_enabled && class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')
         ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_currency_name()
         : __('积分', 'aksrt');
 
-    // Cash wallet (legacy pay_balance) — separate from points.
-    $balance_enabled = $is_own_profile && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') && \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled();
-    $wallet_balance  = $balance_enabled ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::balance($user_id) : 0.0;
+	$recharge = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings() : [];
+	$balance_enabled = $is_own_profile && !empty($recharge['enabled']);
+	$wallet_balance = $balance_enabled ? aksrt_user_balance_decimal($user_id) : '0.00';
 
     $user_home_manager = $include_governance && class_exists('\AKSRT\User\Home')
         ? \AKSRT\User\Home::get_instance()
diff --git a/inc/helpers/aksrt-vip.php b/inc/helpers/aksrt-vip.php
index 40567bca..a49fefeb 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/aksrt-vip.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/aksrt-vip.php
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ if (!function_exists('aksrt_check_free_download_quota')) {
             ];
             // Optional overbuy price for free-quota exhausted (legacy download_limit_over_price).
             // Callers may pass post context via filter.
-            $over = apply_filters('aksrt_download_limit_over_price', 0.0, $user_id);
+            $over = apply_filters('aksrt_download_limit_over_price', 0, $user_id);
             if ($over > 0) {
                 $data['download_limit_over_price'] = $over;
                 $data['allow_limit_over'] = true;
diff --git a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-balance.php b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-balance.php
index f38e3e28..69b9ec80 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-balance.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-balance.php
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 
-$balance = (float) ($credit_balance ?? 0.0);
+$balance = max(0, (int) ($credit_balance ?? 0));
 $credits_enabled = !empty($credits_enabled);
 if (!$credits_enabled) {
 	return;
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ if ($points_transfer_on && class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities') && !\AKS
 }
 $points_transfer_min = max(1, (int) ($all_settings['points_transfer_min'] ?? 1));
 $points_exchange = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings()['points_exchange'] ?? [] : [];
-$points_exchange_on = !empty($points_exchange['enabled']) && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') && \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled();
+$recharge = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings() : [];
+$points_exchange_on = !empty($points_exchange['enabled']) && !empty($recharge['enabled']);
 $currency = (string) ($currency_name ?? __('积分', 'aksrt'));
 ?>
 <div class="uc-asset-card uc-asset-card--points">
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ $currency = (string) ($currency_name ?? __('积分', 'aksrt'));
 	</div>
 	<div class="uc-asset-card__body flex jsb ac">
 		<div class="uc-asset-card__amount c-green">
-			<span class="uc-asset-card__value font-bold"><?php echo esc_html(function_exists('aksrt_format_credits') ? aksrt_format_credits((int) $balance) : (string) (int) $balance); ?></span>
+			<span class="uc-asset-card__value font-bold"><?php echo esc_html(aksrt_format_points($balance)); ?></span>
 		</div>
 		<div class="uc-asset-card__actions flex0">
 			<?php if ($points_transfer_on) : ?>
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ $currency = (string) ($currency_name ?? __('积分', 'aksrt'));
 		<?php endif; ?>
 		<form data-aksrt-points-exchange-form>
 			<label class="muted-color em09"><?php esc_html_e('兑换余额', 'aksrt'); ?></label>
-			<input type="number" class="uc-card-pass__input" name="amount" min="1" step="1" inputmode="numeric" data-aksrt-points-exchange-amount data-aksrt-points-exchange-rate="<?php echo esc_attr((string) $pb_rate); ?>">
+			<input type="number" class="uc-card-pass__input" name="amount" min="0.01" step="0.01" inputmode="decimal" data-aksrt-points-exchange-amount data-aksrt-points-exchange-rate="<?php echo esc_attr((string) $pb_rate); ?>">
 			<p class="muted-2-color em09 mt6"><?php printf(esc_html__('1 余额 = %d 积分；单笔至少 %d 积分，每日最多 %d 积分。', 'aksrt'), $pb_rate, $pb_min_points, $pb_daily_max_points); ?></p>
 			<p class="muted-2-color em09 mt6" data-aksrt-points-exchange-preview></p>
 			<button type="submit" class="but jb-blue btn-block mt10"><?php esc_html_e('立即购买', 'aksrt'); ?></button>
diff --git a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-transactions.php b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-transactions.php
index 0992efe7..4f635bdb 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-transactions.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-transactions.php
@@ -18,16 +18,12 @@ defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 	</div>
 	<?php
 	$credits_page = max(1, isset($_GET['credits_page']) ? (int) $_GET['credits_page'] : 1);
-	if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-		$log = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::get_log(['user_id' => $user_id, 'page' => $credits_page, 'per_page' => 10]);
-	} else {
-		$log = ['items' => [], 'total' => 0];
-	}
+	$log = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['user_id' => $user_id, 'asset' => 'points', 'page' => $credits_page, 'per_page' => 10]);
 	if (!empty($log['items'])) :
 		?>
 		<div class="uc-transactions__list">
 			<?php foreach ($log['items'] as $row) :
-				$delta = (int) $row['delta'];
+				$delta = (int) $row['delta_minor'];
 				$delta_class = $delta >= 0 ? 'is-positive' : 'is-negative';
 				?>
 				<div class="uc-transactions__item">
@@ -36,7 +32,7 @@ defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 					</div>
 					<div class="uc-transactions__info">
 						<div class="uc-transactions__reason">
-							<?php echo esc_html(aksrt_credits_label((string) $row['reason'])); ?>
+							<?php echo esc_html(aksrt_asset_reason_label((string) $row['reason'])); ?>
 							<?php if (!empty($row['remark'])) : ?>
 								<span class="uc-transactions__remark">(<?php echo esc_html((string) $row['remark']); ?>)</span>
 							<?php endif; ?>
@@ -44,6 +40,7 @@ defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 						<div class="uc-transactions__time">
 							<?php echo esc_html(get_date_from_gmt((string) $row['created_at'], 'Y-m-d H:i')); ?>
 						</div>
+						<?php if (!empty($row['counterparty_user_id'])) : ?><div class="muted-2-color em09"><?php printf(esc_html__('对方用户 #%d', 'aksrt'), (int) $row['counterparty_user_id']); ?></div><?php endif; ?>
 					</div>
 					<div class="uc-transactions__amount">
 						<span class="uc-transactions__delta <?php echo esc_attr($delta_class); ?>">
@@ -52,9 +49,11 @@ defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 						<span class="uc-transactions__balance">
 							<?php
 							/* translators: %s: balance */
-							printf(esc_html__('余额 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html((string) (int) $row['balance_after']));
+							printf(esc_html__('余额 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html((string) (int) $row['balance_after_minor']));
 							?>
 						</span>
+						<?php if ((int) ($row['fee_minor'] ?? 0) > 0) : ?><span class="muted-2-color em09"><?php printf(esc_html__('手续费 %d', 'aksrt'), (int) $row['fee_minor']); ?></span><?php endif; ?>
+						<span class="muted-2-color em09"><?php printf(esc_html__('交易 #%d', 'aksrt'), (int) $row['id']); ?></span>
 					</div>
 				</div>
 			<?php endforeach; ?>
diff --git a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-wallet.php b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-wallet.php
index 45c7208f..7dffbd34 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-wallet.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/credits-wallet.php
@@ -13,10 +13,15 @@ if (empty($balance_enabled)) {
 	return;
 }
 
-$wallet = (float) ($wallet_balance ?? 0.0);
-$wallet_fmt = class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')
-	? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format($wallet)
-	: number_format_i18n($wallet, 2);
+$normalize_balance = static function ($value): \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount {
+	try {
+		return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($value) ? $value : '');
+	} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+		return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance('0');
+	}
+};
+$wallet = $normalize_balance($wallet_balance ?? '0');
+$wallet_fmt = $wallet->formatted();
 
 $recharge = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') && method_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings', 'get_payment_recharge_settings')
 	? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings()
@@ -32,9 +37,9 @@ if ($withdraw_on && class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities') && !\AKSRT\Sett
 	$withdraw_on = false;
 }
 $withdraw_settings = class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Settings\\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_withdrawal_settings() : [];
-$withdraw_min = max(0, (float) ($withdraw_settings['min_amount'] ?? 50));
-$withdraw_usage = ['remaining_count' => 0, 'remaining_amount' => 0];
-$withdraw_pending_hold = 0.0;
+$withdraw_min = $normalize_balance($withdraw_settings['min_amount'] ?? '50')->decimal();
+$withdraw_usage = ['remaining_count' => 0, 'remaining_amount' => '0.00'];
+$withdraw_pending_hold = '0.00';
 $withdraw_history = [];
 if ($withdraw_on && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal')) {
 	$wd_svc = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance();
@@ -42,7 +47,7 @@ if ($withdraw_on && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal')) {
 	$withdraw_history = $wd_svc->get_user_withdrawals((int) ($user_id ?? 0), ['limit' => 30]);
 	$withdraw_usage = $wd_svc->daily_usage((int) ($user_id ?? 0), $withdraw_settings);
 }
-$withdraw_processing = $withdraw_pending_hold > 0;
+$withdraw_processing = $normalize_balance($withdraw_pending_hold)->minor() > 0;
 $card_pass_balance = ['enabled' => false, 'desc' => '', 'only_password' => true];
 if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\ChargeCard')) {
 	$opts = \AKSRT\Payment\ChargeCard::get_instance()->get_public_options();
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ $mark = (string) ($charge_view['currency_mark'] ?? '元');
 	</div>
 	<?php if ($withdraw_on) : ?>
 		<div class="uc-asset-card__foot muted-2-color em09 mt6">
-			<span><?php printf(esc_html__('冻结中 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html(class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format((float) $withdraw_pending_hold) : number_format_i18n((float) $withdraw_pending_hold, 2))); ?></span>
+			<span><?php printf(esc_html__('冻结中 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html($normalize_balance($withdraw_pending_hold)->formatted())); ?></span>
 		</div>
 	<?php endif; ?>
 </div>
@@ -128,13 +133,17 @@ $mark = (string) ($charge_view['currency_mark'] ?? '元');
 			<?php if ($packages) : ?>
 				<div class="muted-color mb6"><?php esc_html_e('请选择充值金额', 'aksrt'); ?></div>
 				<div class="uc-charge-packages">
-					<?php foreach ($packages as $idx => $pkg) : ?>
+					<?php foreach ($packages as $idx => $pkg) :
+						$package_credit = $normalize_balance($pkg['price'] ?? '');
+						$package_pay = $normalize_balance($pkg['pay_price'] ?? '');
+						$package_saving_minor = max(0, $package_credit->minor() - $package_pay->minor());
+						?>
 						<label class="uc-charge-package<?php echo $idx === 0 ? ' is-active' : ''; ?>">
 							<input type="radio" name="balance_package" value="<?php echo esc_attr((string) $pkg['key']); ?>" <?php checked($idx === 0); ?>>
 							<div class="uc-charge-package__credit"><span class="px12">￥</span><?php echo esc_html((string) $pkg['price']); ?></div>
 							<div class="uc-charge-package__pay c-red"><span class="px12">￥</span><?php echo esc_html((string) $pkg['pay_price']); ?>
-								<?php if ((float) $pkg['pay_price'] < (float) $pkg['price']) : ?>
-									<span class="ml6 c-yellow smail"><?php printf(esc_html__('省%s', 'aksrt'), esc_html((string) ((float) $pkg['price'] - (float) $pkg['pay_price']))); ?></span>
+								<?php if ($package_saving_minor > 0) : ?>
+									<span class="ml6 c-yellow smail"><?php printf(esc_html__('省%s', 'aksrt'), esc_html(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($package_saving_minor))); ?></span>
 								<?php endif; ?>
 							</div>
 							<?php if (!empty($pkg['tag'])) : ?>
@@ -195,19 +204,19 @@ endif; ?>
 			<?php if (!empty($withdraw_history)) : ?>
 				<?php foreach ($withdraw_history as $wd) :
 					$st = sanitize_key((string) ($wd['status'] ?? ''));
-					$gross = (float) ($wd['gross_amount'] ?? $wd['amount'] ?? 0);
-					$net = (float) ($wd['amount'] ?? 0);
+					$gross = $normalize_balance($wd['gross_amount'] ?? $wd['amount'] ?? '0');
+					$net = $normalize_balance($wd['amount'] ?? '0');
 					$st_class = $st === 'rejected' ? 'c-red' : ($st === 'completed' ? 'c-green' : 'c-blue');
 					?>
 					<div class="uc-withdraw-history__item border-bottom padding-h10">
 						<div class="flex jsb ac">
 							<span class="badg badg-sm <?php echo esc_attr($st_class); ?>"><?php echo esc_html($status_labels[$st] ?? $st); ?></span>
-							<b class="em12"><?php echo esc_html(class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format($gross) : number_format_i18n($gross, 2)); ?></b>
+							<b class="em12"><?php echo esc_html($gross->formatted()); ?></b>
 						</div>
 						<div class="muted-2-color em09 mt6">
 							<?php echo esc_html((string) ($wd['created_at'] ?? '')); ?>
-							<?php if (abs($gross - $net) > 0.001) : ?>
-								· <?php printf(esc_html__('到账 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html(class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format($net) : number_format_i18n($net, 2))); ?>
+							<?php if ($gross->minor() !== $net->minor()) : ?>
+								· <?php printf(esc_html__('到账 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html($net->formatted())); ?>
 							<?php endif; ?>
 						</div>
 						<?php if (!empty($wd['note'])) : ?>
@@ -233,16 +242,14 @@ endif; ?>
 	</div>
 	<?php
 	$wallet_page = max(1, isset($_GET['wallet_page']) ? (int) $_GET['wallet_page'] : 1);
-	$wlog = class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')
-		? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::get_log(['user_id' => (int) $user_id, 'page' => $wallet_page, 'per_page' => 10])
-		: ['items' => [], 'total' => 0];
+	$wlog = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['user_id' => (int) $user_id, 'asset' => 'balance', 'page' => $wallet_page, 'per_page' => 10]);
 	if (!empty($wlog['items'])) :
 		?>
 		<div class="uc-transactions__list">
 			<?php foreach ($wlog['items'] as $row) :
-				$delta = (float) $row['delta'];
+				$delta = (int) $row['delta_minor'];
 				$delta_class = $delta >= 0 ? 'is-positive' : 'is-negative';
-				$delta_txt = ($delta > 0 ? '+' : '') . (class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format($delta) : number_format_i18n($delta, 2));
+				$delta_txt = ($delta > 0 ? '+' : '-') . \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, abs($delta))->formatted();
 				?>
 				<div class="uc-transactions__item">
 					<div class="uc-transactions__icon <?php echo esc_attr($delta_class); ?>">
@@ -250,7 +257,7 @@ endif; ?>
 					</div>
 					<div class="uc-transactions__info">
 						<div class="uc-transactions__reason">
-							<?php echo esc_html(class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::reason_label((string) $row['reason']) : (string) $row['reason']); ?>
+							<?php echo esc_html(aksrt_asset_reason_label((string) $row['reason'])); ?>
 							<?php if (!empty($row['remark'])) : ?>
 								<span class="uc-transactions__remark">(<?php echo esc_html((string) $row['remark']); ?>)</span>
 							<?php endif; ?>
@@ -263,7 +270,7 @@ endif; ?>
 							<?php
 							printf(
 								esc_html__('余额 %s', 'aksrt'),
-								esc_html(class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format((float) $row['balance_after']) : number_format_i18n((float) $row['balance_after'], 2))
+								esc_html(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, (int) $row['balance_after_minor'])->formatted())
 							);
 							?>
 						</span>
diff --git a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-creator.php b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-creator.php
index 2216df9e..096254ed 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-creator.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-creator.php
@@ -39,7 +39,14 @@ $page_url = static function (int $target_page) use ($base_url): string {
     );
 };
 $format = static function ($amount, string $unit): string {
-    return number_format_i18n((float) $amount, $unit === 'points' ? 0 : 2);
+	if ($unit === 'points') {
+		return aksrt_format_points(max(0, (int) $amount));
+	}
+	try {
+		return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($amount) ? $amount : '')->formatted();
+	} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+		return '0.00';
+	}
 };
 $note = trim((string) ($settings['note'] ?? ''));
 if ($note === '') {
diff --git a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-credits.php b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-credits.php
index 7a2fd77d..59f9da67 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-credits.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-credits.php
@@ -77,17 +77,15 @@ if ($show_wallet || $show_credits) :
 					// Render only the ledger portion by reusing balance log markup.
 					$user_id = (int) ($user_id ?? 0);
 					$wallet_page = max(1, isset($_GET['wallet_page']) ? (int) $_GET['wallet_page'] : 1);
-					$wlog = class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')
-						? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::get_log(['user_id' => $user_id, 'page' => $wallet_page, 'per_page' => 10])
-						: ['items' => [], 'total' => 0];
+					$wlog = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['user_id' => $user_id, 'asset' => 'balance', 'page' => $wallet_page, 'per_page' => 10]);
 					?>
 					<div class="uc-transactions uc-transactions--wallet">
 						<?php if (!empty($wlog['items'])) : ?>
 							<div class="uc-transactions__list">
 								<?php foreach ($wlog['items'] as $row) :
-									$delta = (float) $row['delta'];
+									$delta = (int) $row['delta_minor'];
 									$delta_class = $delta >= 0 ? 'is-positive' : 'is-negative';
-									$delta_txt = ($delta > 0 ? '+' : '') . (class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format($delta) : number_format_i18n($delta, 2));
+									$delta_txt = ($delta > 0 ? '+' : '-') . \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, abs($delta))->formatted();
 									?>
 									<div class="uc-transactions__item">
 										<div class="uc-transactions__icon <?php echo esc_attr($delta_class); ?>">
@@ -95,7 +93,7 @@ if ($show_wallet || $show_credits) :
 										</div>
 										<div class="uc-transactions__info">
 											<div class="uc-transactions__reason">
-												<?php echo esc_html(class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::reason_label((string) $row['reason']) : (string) $row['reason']); ?>
+												<?php echo esc_html(aksrt_asset_reason_label((string) $row['reason'])); ?>
 												<?php if (!empty($row['remark'])) : ?>
 													<span class="uc-transactions__remark">(<?php echo esc_html((string) $row['remark']); ?>)</span>
 												<?php endif; ?>
@@ -104,7 +102,9 @@ if ($show_wallet || $show_credits) :
 										</div>
 										<div class="uc-transactions__amount">
 											<span class="uc-transactions__delta <?php echo esc_attr($delta_class); ?>"><?php echo esc_html($delta_txt); ?></span>
-											<span class="uc-transactions__balance"><?php printf(esc_html__('余额 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html(class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format((float) ($row['balance_after'] ?? 0)) : number_format_i18n((float) ($row['balance_after'] ?? 0), 2))); ?></span>
+											<span class="uc-transactions__balance"><?php printf(esc_html__('余额 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, (int) ($row['balance_after_minor'] ?? 0))->formatted())); ?></span>
+											<?php if ((int) ($row['fee_minor'] ?? 0) > 0) : ?><span class="muted-2-color em09"><?php printf(esc_html__('手续费 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, (int) $row['fee_minor'])->formatted())); ?></span><?php endif; ?>
+											<span class="muted-2-color em09"><?php printf(esc_html__('交易 #%d', 'aksrt'), (int) $row['id']); ?></span>
 											<?php if (!empty($row['ref_id'])) : ?>
 												<span class="uc-transactions__ref muted-2-color em09"><?php printf(esc_html__('单号 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html((string) $row['ref_id'])); ?></span>
 											<?php endif; ?>
diff --git a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-orders.php b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-orders.php
index ddf2611d..301c1a56 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-orders.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-orders.php
@@ -111,9 +111,16 @@ $tabs = [
             <?php foreach ($orders as $order) :
                 $number = (string) ($order['order_number'] ?? '');
                 $actions = (array) ($order['allowed_actions'] ?? []);
-                $amount = !empty($order['is_points'])
-                    ? esc_html((string) ($order['currency_symbol'] ?? __('积分', 'aksrt')) . ' ' . (string) (int) round((float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0)))
-                    : '¥' . esc_html(number_format((float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0), 2));
+				if (!empty($order['is_points'])) {
+					$amount = esc_html((string) ($order['currency_symbol'] ?? __('积分', 'aksrt')) . ' ' . (string) max(0, (int) ($order['amount'] ?? 0)));
+				} else {
+					try {
+						$order_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($order['amount'] ?? null) ? $order['amount'] : '')->formatted();
+					} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+						$order_amount = '0.00';
+					}
+					$amount = '¥' . esc_html($order_amount);
+				}
             ?>
                 <article class="aksrt-orders-page__card" data-aksrt-order-card="<?php echo esc_attr($number); ?>" data-order-status="<?php echo esc_attr((string) ($order['status_group'] ?? '')); ?>">
                     <div class="aksrt-orders-page__card-rail"><span><?php echo esc_html((string) ($order['product_type_label'] ?? '')); ?></span><time><?php echo esc_html((string) ($order['created_at'] ?? '')); ?></time><span class="aksrt-orders-page__card-status is-<?php echo esc_attr((string) ($order['status_group'] ?? '')); ?>"><?php echo esc_html((string) ($order['status_label'] ?? '')); ?></span></div>
diff --git a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-revenue.php b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-revenue.php
index b6f54251..5df51e47 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-revenue.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/profile-revenue.php
@@ -21,22 +21,34 @@ $affiliate_on = !empty($affiliate['enabled']);
 $withdrawal = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')
     ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_withdrawal_settings()
     : [];
-$withdraw_on = $affiliate_on
-    && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')
-    && \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled();
+$recharge = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings() : [];
+$withdraw_on = $affiliate_on && !empty($recharge['enabled']);
 if ($withdraw_on && class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities') && !\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities::user_can('balance_withdraw', $user_id)) {
     $withdraw_on = false;
 }
-$withdraw_min = max(1, (float) ($withdrawal['min_amount'] ?? 50));
+$normalize_balance = static function ($value): \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount {
+	try {
+		return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($value) ? $value : '');
+	} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+		return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance('0');
+	}
+};
+$signed_balance_minor = static function ($value) use ($normalize_balance): int {
+	$value = is_string($value) ? trim($value) : '';
+	$negative = str_starts_with($value, '-');
+	$amount = $normalize_balance($negative ? substr($value, 1) : $value)->minor();
+	return $negative ? -$amount : $amount;
+};
+$withdraw_min = $normalize_balance($withdrawal['min_amount'] ?? '50')->decimal();
 
 $commission_stats = class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\CommissionLedger')
     ? \AKSRT\Payment\CommissionLedger::get_instance()->overview($user_id)
     : ['total' => 0, 'pending' => 0, 'settled' => 0, 'wallet' => 0];
-$pending_commission = (float) ($commission_stats['pending'] ?? 0);
+$pending_commission = $normalize_balance($commission_stats['pending'] ?? '0')->decimal();
 $vip_ratios = [];
 $commission_ratio = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')
-    ? (float) \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::affiliate_ratio_for_user($user_id)
-    : 0.0;
+    ? (int) \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::affiliate_ratio_for_user($user_id)
+    : 0;
 $details_text = trim((string) ($affiliate['promotion_text'] ?? ''));
 if ($details_text === '') {
     $details_text = __('好友通过推广链接完成符合条件的订单后，系统会按当前佣金比例记录返佣，结算后进入可提现余额。', 'aksrt');
@@ -56,8 +68,8 @@ $base_url = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_center_tab_url')
 $reward_url = static function (string $tab, array $extra = []) use ($base_url): string {
     return add_query_arg(array_merge(['reward_tab' => $tab], $extra), $base_url);
 };
-$format_amount = static function ($amount): string {
-    return number_format_i18n((float) $amount, 2);
+$format_amount = static function ($amount) use ($normalize_balance): string {
+	return $normalize_balance($amount)->formatted();
 };
 
 $commission_page = max(1, (int) ($revenue_request['commission_page'] ?? ($_GET['commission_page'] ?? 1)));
@@ -151,7 +163,11 @@ $status_labels = [
                             $source_user = !empty($item['source_user_id']) ? get_userdata((int) $item['source_user_id']) : null;
                             $source_name = $source_user instanceof WP_User ? $source_user->display_name : __('推广用户', 'aksrt');
                         ?>
-                            <article class="uc-commission-row"><span class="uc-commission-row__icon"><i class="fa fas fa-file-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><div class="uc-commission-row__main"><strong><?php echo esc_html($source_name); ?></strong><span><?php printf(esc_html__('订单 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html((string) ($item['order_number'] ?? '-'))); ?></span><time><?php echo esc_html((string) ($item['created_at'] ?? '')); ?></time></div><div class="uc-commission-row__value"><strong><?php echo esc_html($format_amount((float) ($item['original_amount'] ?? 0) + (float) ($item['adjustment_total'] ?? 0))); ?></strong><span class="is-<?php echo esc_attr($status); ?>"><?php echo esc_html($status_labels[$status] ?? $status); ?></span></div></article>
+							<?php
+							$commission_minor = $signed_balance_minor($item['original_amount'] ?? '0') + $signed_balance_minor($item['adjustment_total'] ?? '0');
+							$commission_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor(max(0, $commission_minor));
+							?>
+                            <article class="uc-commission-row"><span class="uc-commission-row__icon"><i class="fa fas fa-file-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><div class="uc-commission-row__main"><strong><?php echo esc_html($source_name); ?></strong><span><?php printf(esc_html__('订单 %s', 'aksrt'), esc_html((string) ($item['order_number'] ?? '-'))); ?></span><time><?php echo esc_html((string) ($item['created_at'] ?? '')); ?></time></div><div class="uc-commission-row__value"><strong><?php echo esc_html($format_amount($commission_amount)); ?></strong><span class="is-<?php echo esc_attr($status); ?>"><?php echo esc_html($status_labels[$status] ?? $status); ?></span></div></article>
                         <?php endforeach; ?>
                     </div>
                     <?php if ($commission_total_pages > 1) : ?><nav class="uc-reward-pagination" aria-label="<?php esc_attr_e('佣金明细分页', 'aksrt'); ?>"><?php for ($i = 1; $i <= $commission_total_pages; $i++) : ?><a class="<?php echo $i === $commission_page ? 'is-active' : ''; ?>" href="<?php echo esc_url($reward_url('orders', ['commission_page' => $i])); ?>"><?php echo esc_html((string) $i); ?></a><?php endfor; ?></nav><?php endif; ?>
diff --git a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/sidebar-commerce.php b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/sidebar-commerce.php
index 6525d08d..c2647206 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/sidebar-commerce.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/sidebar-commerce.php
@@ -14,15 +14,19 @@ if (!$show_wallet && !$show_credits) {
 }
 
 $assets_url = aksrt_get_user_center_tab_url('credits');
-$wallet = (float) ($wallet_balance ?? 0);
-$points = (float) ($credit_balance ?? 0);
+try {
+	$wallet = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($wallet_balance ?? null) ? $wallet_balance : '')->formatted();
+} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+	$wallet = '0.00';
+}
+$points = max(0, (int) ($credit_balance ?? 0));
 ?>
 <div class="uc-sidebar__pair uc-sidebar__pair--assets">
 	<?php if ($show_wallet) : ?>
 		<a class="uc-summary-card uc-summary-card--wallet" href="<?php echo esc_url($assets_url); ?>" data-tab="credits">
 			<span class="uc-summary-card__head"><?php esc_html_e('账户余额', 'aksrt'); ?><i class="fa fas fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
 			<span class="uc-summary-card__body">
-				<strong><?php echo esc_html(class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format($wallet) : number_format_i18n($wallet, 2)); ?></strong>
+				<strong><?php echo esc_html($wallet); ?></strong>
 				<i class="fa fas fa-money-bill" aria-hidden="true"></i>
 			</span>
 		</a>
@@ -31,7 +35,7 @@ $points = (float) ($credit_balance ?? 0);
 		<a class="uc-summary-card uc-summary-card--points" href="<?php echo esc_url($assets_url); ?>" data-tab="credits">
 			<span class="uc-summary-card__head"><?php echo esc_html((string) ($currency_name ?? __('积分', 'aksrt'))); ?><i class="fa fas fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></span>
 			<span class="uc-summary-card__body">
-				<strong><?php echo esc_html(function_exists('aksrt_format_credits') ? aksrt_format_credits((int) $points) : number_format_i18n((int) $points)); ?></strong>
+				<strong><?php echo esc_html(aksrt_format_points($points)); ?></strong>
 				<i class="fa fas fa-money-bill" aria-hidden="true"></i>
 			</span>
 		</a>
diff --git a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/withdraw-modal.php b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/withdraw-modal.php
index bd892729..9a1d4a7f 100644
--- a/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/withdraw-modal.php
+++ b/inc/helpers/user-center-renderers/withdraw-modal.php
@@ -6,8 +6,12 @@ if (!empty($GLOBALS['aksrt_withdraw_modal_rendered'])) {
 	return;
 }
 $GLOBALS['aksrt_withdraw_modal_rendered'] = true;
-$withdraw_min = max(0, (float) ($withdraw_min ?? 50));
-$withdraw_usage = is_array($withdraw_usage ?? null) ? $withdraw_usage : ['remaining_count' => 0, 'remaining_amount' => 0];
+try {
+	$withdraw_min = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($withdraw_min ?? null) ? $withdraw_min : '')->decimal();
+} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+	$withdraw_min = '0.00';
+}
+$withdraw_usage = is_array($withdraw_usage ?? null) ? $withdraw_usage : ['remaining_count' => 0, 'remaining_amount' => '0.00'];
 $withdraw_fee_rate = (int) ($withdraw_settings['service_charge_rate'] ?? 5);
 $withdraw_channels = array_values(array_intersect(['alipay', 'wechat'], (array) ($withdraw_settings['payout_channels'] ?? ['alipay', 'wechat'])));
 if (!$withdraw_channels) {
@@ -21,8 +25,8 @@ if (!$withdraw_channels) {
 		<h3 class="uc-modal__title"><?php esc_html_e('余额提现', 'aksrt'); ?></h3>
 		<form data-aksrt-withdraw-form>
 			<label class="muted-color em09"><?php esc_html_e('提现金额', 'aksrt'); ?></label>
-			<input type="number" class="uc-card-pass__input" name="amount" min="<?php echo esc_attr((string) $withdraw_min); ?>" max="<?php echo esc_attr((string) ($withdraw_usage['remaining_amount'] ?? 0)); ?>" step="1" inputmode="numeric" data-aksrt-withdraw-amount data-withdraw-min="<?php echo esc_attr((string) $withdraw_min); ?>" data-withdraw-remaining-amount="<?php echo esc_attr((string) ($withdraw_usage['remaining_amount'] ?? 0)); ?>" data-withdraw-remaining-count="<?php echo esc_attr((string) ($withdraw_usage['remaining_count'] ?? 0)); ?>">
-			<p class="muted-2-color em09 mt6"><?php printf(esc_html__('最低提现%s 元，今日可提现%d次，提现手续费率%d%%', 'aksrt'), esc_html((string) $withdraw_min), (int) ($withdraw_usage['remaining_count'] ?? 0), $withdraw_fee_rate); ?></p>
+			<input type="number" class="uc-card-pass__input" name="amount" min="<?php echo esc_attr($withdraw_min); ?>" max="<?php echo esc_attr((string) ($withdraw_usage['remaining_amount'] ?? '0.00')); ?>" step="0.01" inputmode="decimal" data-aksrt-withdraw-amount data-withdraw-min="<?php echo esc_attr($withdraw_min); ?>" data-withdraw-remaining-amount="<?php echo esc_attr((string) ($withdraw_usage['remaining_amount'] ?? '0.00')); ?>" data-withdraw-remaining-count="<?php echo esc_attr((string) ($withdraw_usage['remaining_count'] ?? 0)); ?>">
+			<p class="muted-2-color em09 mt6"><?php printf(esc_html__('最低提现%s 元，今日可提现%d次，提现手续费率%d%%', 'aksrt'), esc_html($withdraw_min), (int) ($withdraw_usage['remaining_count'] ?? 0), $withdraw_fee_rate); ?></p>
 			<label class="muted-color em09 mt10"><?php esc_html_e('收款方式', 'aksrt'); ?></label>
 			<select class="uc-card-pass__input" name="method" data-aksrt-withdraw-method>
 				<?php foreach ($withdraw_channels as $channel) : ?>
diff --git a/inc/modules/user-notifications.php b/inc/modules/user-notifications.php
index 2e4aa637..3478e7b1 100644
--- a/inc/modules/user-notifications.php
+++ b/inc/modules/user-notifications.php
@@ -53,8 +53,10 @@ function aksrt_notification_type_label(string $type): string {
         'comment_reply'     => __('评论回复', 'aksrt'),
         'comment_approved'  => __('评论审核', 'aksrt'),
         'download_ready'    => __('下载就绪', 'aksrt'),
-        'credits_added'     => __('积分增加', 'aksrt'),
-        'credits_deducted'  => __('积分扣减', 'aksrt'),
+        'asset_points_increase'  => __('积分增加', 'aksrt'),
+        'asset_points_decrease'  => __('积分扣减', 'aksrt'),
+        'asset_balance_increase' => __('余额增加', 'aksrt'),
+        'asset_balance_decrease' => __('余额扣减', 'aksrt'),
         'pending_comments'  => __('待审核评论', 'aksrt'),
         'notice'            => __('通知', 'aksrt'),
     ];
@@ -549,25 +551,38 @@ add_action('transition_comment_status', function ($new_status, $old_status, $com
     update_comment_meta($comment->comment_ID, 'aksrt_reply_notified', 1);
 }, 20, 3);
 
-add_action('aksrt_credits_added', function ($user_id, $delta, $reason, $new_balance) {
-    if ($user_id <= 0 || $delta <= 0) return;
-    aksrt_add_user_notification((int) $user_id, [
-        'type'  => 'credits_added',
-        'title' => __('积分增加', 'aksrt'),
-        'desc'  => sprintf(__('积分变动：+%1$d，当前余额 %2$d。', 'aksrt'), (int) $delta, (int) $new_balance),
-        'url'   => aksrt_get_user_center_url('credits'),
-    ]);
-}, 10, 4);
-
-add_action('aksrt_credits_deducted', function ($user_id, $cost, $reason, $new_balance) {
-    if ($user_id <= 0 || $cost <= 0) return;
-    aksrt_add_user_notification((int) $user_id, [
-        'type'  => 'credits_deducted',
-        'title' => __('积分扣减', 'aksrt'),
-        'desc'  => sprintf(__('积分变动：-%1$d，当前余额 %2$d。', 'aksrt'), (int) $cost, (int) $new_balance),
-        'url'   => aksrt_get_user_center_url('credits'),
-    ]);
-}, 10, 4);
+add_action('aksrt_asset_transaction_committed', function ($result, $command): void {
+	if (!$result instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult || !$command instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerCommand) {
+		return;
+	}
+	$changes = [];
+	foreach ($result->entries as $entry) {
+		$user_id = (int) ($entry['user_id'] ?? 0);
+		$asset = (string) ($entry['asset'] ?? '');
+		if ($user_id <= 0 || !in_array($asset, ['points', 'balance'], true)) continue;
+		$key = $user_id . ':' . $asset;
+		$changes[$key] ??= ['user_id' => $user_id, 'asset' => $asset, 'delta' => 0, 'balance' => 0];
+		$changes[$key]['delta'] += (int) ($entry['delta_minor'] ?? 0);
+		$changes[$key]['balance'] = (int) ($entry['balance_after_minor'] ?? 0);
+	}
+	foreach ($changes as $change) {
+		if ((int) $change['delta'] === 0) continue;
+		$is_points = $change['asset'] === 'points';
+		$positive = $change['delta'] > 0;
+		$amount = $is_points
+			? (string) abs((int) $change['delta'])
+			: \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, abs((int) $change['delta']))->decimal();
+		$balance = $is_points
+			? (string) $change['balance']
+			: \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, (int) $change['balance'])->decimal();
+		aksrt_add_user_notification((int) $change['user_id'], [
+			'type' => 'asset_' . $change['asset'] . '_' . ($positive ? 'increase' : 'decrease'),
+			'title' => $is_points ? __('积分变动', 'aksrt') : __('余额变动', 'aksrt'),
+			'desc' => sprintf(__('%1$s：%2$s%3$s，当前余额 %4$s。', 'aksrt'), \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerPresentation::reason_label($command->reason), $positive ? '+' : '-', $amount, $balance),
+			'url' => aksrt_get_user_center_url('credits'),
+		]);
+	}
+}, 10, 2);
 
 
 
diff --git a/phpunit.xml.dist b/phpunit.xml.dist
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ca5fe22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit.xml.dist
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<phpunit bootstrap="tests/asset-ledger/bootstrap.php" colors="true" cacheDirectory=".phpunit.cache">
+  <testsuites>
+    <testsuite name="Asset ledger unit tests">
+      <directory>tests/asset-ledger</directory>
+    </testsuite>
+  </testsuites>
+</phpunit>
diff --git a/src/Admin/ControllerBase.php b/src/Admin/ControllerBase.php
index 707b15b4..5b4fd4f1 100644
--- a/src/Admin/ControllerBase.php
+++ b/src/Admin/ControllerBase.php
@@ -23,8 +23,20 @@ abstract class ControllerBase {
     /**
      * Permission callback — requires manage_options capability.
      */
-    public function check_permission(): bool {
-        return current_user_can('manage_options');
+	public function check_permission(?\WP_REST_Request $request = null) {
+		if (!current_user_can('manage_options')) {
+			if ($request === null) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_admin_forbidden', __('无权执行此操作', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+		}
+		if ($request !== null) {
+			$nonce = (string) $request->get_header('X-WP-Nonce');
+			if ($nonce === '' || !wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'wp_rest')) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_rest_nonce', __('安全验证失败，请刷新页面后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Admin/ImportExportController.php b/src/Admin/ImportExportController.php
index 2b001fdd..90cdcf0d 100644
--- a/src/Admin/ImportExportController.php
+++ b/src/Admin/ImportExportController.php
@@ -307,7 +307,9 @@ class ImportExportController extends ControllerBase {
 
         // Database tables
         $expected_tables = [
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'aksrt_credit_log',
+            $wpdb->prefix . 'aksrt_asset_account',
+            $wpdb->prefix . 'aksrt_asset_transaction',
+            $wpdb->prefix . 'aksrt_asset_entry',
             $wpdb->prefix . 'aksrt_signin_log',
             $wpdb->prefix . 'aksrt_dl_token',
             $wpdb->prefix . 'aksrt_notification',
diff --git a/src/Admin/Native/PayChargeCards.php b/src/Admin/Native/PayChargeCards.php
index 1c84fb8f..cb443d7e 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Native/PayChargeCards.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Native/PayChargeCards.php
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ class PayChargeCards {
             'balance' => __('余额', 'aksrt'),
             'vip'     => __('VIP', 'aksrt'),
             'credits' => __('积分', 'aksrt'),
-            'points'  => __('积分', 'aksrt'),
         ];
         $status_labels = [
             'active'   => __('可用', 'aksrt'),
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ class PayChargeCards {
         echo '<p><label>' . esc_html__('前缀', 'aksrt') . '<br><input type="text" name="prefix" value="" /></label></p>';
         echo '<p><label>' . esc_html__('面额/积分', 'aksrt') . '<br><input type="number" step="0.01" name="amount" value="10" /></label></p>';
         echo '<p><label>' . esc_html__('VIP等级', 'aksrt') . '<br><input type="number" name="vip_level" min="1" max="2" value="1" /></label></p>';
-        echo '<p><label>' . esc_html__('VIP天数', 'aksrt') . '<br><input type="number" name="vip_days" min="1" value="30" /></label></p>';
+        echo '<p><label>' . esc_html__('VIP天数', 'aksrt') . '<br><input type="number" name="days" min="1" value="30" /></label></p>';
         echo '<p><label>' . esc_html__('过期时间', 'aksrt') . '<br><input type="datetime-local" name="expires_at" /></label></p>';
         echo '<p><label>' . esc_html__('备注', 'aksrt') . '<br><input type="text" name="note" value="" /></label></p>';
         submit_button(__('生成', 'aksrt'), 'primary', '', false);
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ class PayChargeCards {
             echo '<tr>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) $id) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html($type_labels[$row_type] ?? $row_type) . '</td>';
-            echo '<td><code>' . esc_html((string) ($row['password'] ?? $row['code'] ?? '')) . '</code></td>';
+            echo '<td><code>' . esc_html((string) ($row['password'] ?? '')) . '</code></td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) ($row['amount'] ?? '')) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html($status_labels[$st] ?? $st) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) ($row['expires_at'] ?? '—')) . '</td>';
@@ -252,10 +251,10 @@ class PayChargeCards {
         $count  = isset($_POST['count']) ? (int) $_POST['count'] : 10;
         $length = isset($_POST['length']) ? (int) $_POST['length'] : 16;
         $prefix = isset($_POST['prefix']) ? sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['prefix'])) : '';
-        $amount = isset($_POST['amount']) ? (float) wp_unslash($_POST['amount']) : 0;
+        $amount = isset($_POST['amount']) ? trim(sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['amount']))) : '';
         $note   = isset($_POST['note']) ? sanitize_textarea_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['note'])) : '';
         $level  = isset($_POST['vip_level']) ? max(1, min(2, (int) $_POST['vip_level'])) : 1;
-        $days   = isset($_POST['vip_days']) ? max(1, (int) $_POST['vip_days']) : 30;
+        $days   = isset($_POST['days']) ? max(1, (int) $_POST['days']) : 30;
         $expires = isset($_POST['expires_at']) ? sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['expires_at'])) : '';
         if ($expires !== '') {
             $expires = str_replace('T', ' ', $expires);
@@ -264,15 +263,30 @@ class PayChargeCards {
             }
         }
 
-        if ($type === 'points') {
-            $type = 'credits';
+        if (!in_array($type, ['balance', 'vip', 'credits'], true)) {
+            wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_charge_cards', ['aksrt_pay_msg' => 'card_batch_failed']));
+            exit;
         }
 
         $meta = [];
         if ($type === 'balance') {
-            $meta['amount'] = max(0, $amount);
+            try {
+                $balance_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($amount);
+            } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+                wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_charge_cards', ['aksrt_pay_msg' => 'card_batch_failed']));
+                exit;
+            }
+            if ($balance_amount->minor() <= 0) {
+                wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_charge_cards', ['aksrt_pay_msg' => 'card_batch_failed']));
+                exit;
+            }
+            $meta['amount'] = $balance_amount->decimal();
         } elseif ($type === 'credits') {
-            $meta['points'] = max(0, (int) $amount);
+            if (!preg_match('/^[1-9]\d*$/', $amount)) {
+                wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_charge_cards', ['aksrt_pay_msg' => 'card_batch_failed']));
+                exit;
+            }
+            $meta['points'] = (int) $amount;
         } elseif ($type === 'vip') {
             $meta['level'] = $level;
             $meta['days']  = $days;
diff --git a/src/Admin/Native/PayCoupons.php b/src/Admin/Native/PayCoupons.php
index 1fa0a4e5..d99e71f2 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Native/PayCoupons.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Native/PayCoupons.php
@@ -255,9 +255,9 @@ class PayCoupons {
             $id = \AKSRT\Payment\Coupon::get_instance()->create([
                 'code'           => sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['code'] ?? '')),
                 'type'           => sanitize_key((string) wp_unslash($_POST['type'] ?? 'fixed')),
-                'value'          => (float) ($_POST['value'] ?? 0),
-                'min_amount'     => (float) ($_POST['min_amount'] ?? 0),
-                'max_discount'   => (float) ($_POST['max_discount'] ?? 0),
+                'value'          => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['value'] ?? '0')),
+                'min_amount'     => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['min_amount'] ?? '0')),
+                'max_discount'   => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['max_discount'] ?? '0')),
                 'usage_limit'    => (int) ($_POST['usage_limit'] ?? 0),
                 'per_user_limit' => (int) ($_POST['per_user_limit'] ?? 0),
                 'product_scope'  => $this->parse_product_scope_from_request(),
@@ -281,9 +281,9 @@ class PayCoupons {
         if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Coupon')) {
             $result = \AKSRT\Payment\Coupon::get_instance()->batch_create([
                 'type'           => sanitize_key((string) wp_unslash($_POST['type'] ?? 'fixed')),
-                'value'          => (float) ($_POST['value'] ?? 0),
-                'min_amount'     => (float) ($_POST['min_amount'] ?? 0),
-                'max_discount'   => (float) ($_POST['max_discount'] ?? 0),
+                'value'          => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['value'] ?? '0')),
+                'min_amount'     => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['min_amount'] ?? '0')),
+                'max_discount'   => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['max_discount'] ?? '0')),
                 'usage_limit'    => (int) ($_POST['usage_limit'] ?? 0),
                 'per_user_limit' => (int) ($_POST['per_user_limit'] ?? 0),
                 'product_scope'  => $this->parse_product_scope_from_request(),
@@ -315,9 +315,9 @@ class PayCoupons {
         if ($id > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Coupon')) {
             $ok = \AKSRT\Payment\Coupon::get_instance()->update($id, [
                 'type'           => sanitize_key((string) wp_unslash($_POST['type'] ?? 'fixed')),
-                'value'          => (float) ($_POST['value'] ?? 0),
-                'min_amount'     => (float) ($_POST['min_amount'] ?? 0),
-                'max_discount'   => (float) ($_POST['max_discount'] ?? 0),
+                'value'          => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['value'] ?? '0')),
+                'min_amount'     => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['min_amount'] ?? '0')),
+                'max_discount'   => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['max_discount'] ?? '0')),
                 'usage_limit'    => (int) ($_POST['usage_limit'] ?? 0),
                 'per_user_limit' => (int) ($_POST['per_user_limit'] ?? 0),
                 'product_scope'  => $this->parse_product_scope_from_request(),
diff --git a/src/Admin/Native/PayIncome.php b/src/Admin/Native/PayIncome.php
index 7edf6887..f84e22bb 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Native/PayIncome.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Native/PayIncome.php
@@ -60,18 +60,26 @@ class PayIncome {
 
         $cash_stats = (array) ($stats['cash'] ?? []);
         $points_stats = (array) ($stats['points'] ?? []);
+		$cash_amount = static function ($value): string {
+			try {
+				return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($value) ? $value : '')->formatted();
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return '0.00';
+			}
+		};
         echo '<p>' . esc_html(sprintf(
             __('现金：合计 ¥%1$s · 待结算 ¥%2$s · 已结算 ¥%3$s；积分：合计 %4$s · 待结算 %5$s · 已结算 %6$s', 'aksrt'),
-            number_format((float) ($cash_stats['total'] ?? 0), 2),
-            number_format((float) ($cash_stats['pending'] ?? 0), 2),
-            number_format((float) ($cash_stats['settled'] ?? 0), 2),
-            number_format((float) ($points_stats['total'] ?? 0), 0),
-            number_format((float) ($points_stats['pending'] ?? 0), 0),
-            number_format((float) ($points_stats['settled'] ?? 0), 0)
+			$cash_amount($cash_stats['total'] ?? '0'),
+			$cash_amount($cash_stats['pending'] ?? '0'),
+			$cash_amount($cash_stats['settled'] ?? '0'),
+			number_format_i18n(max(0, (int) ($points_stats['total'] ?? 0))),
+			number_format_i18n(max(0, (int) ($points_stats['pending'] ?? 0))),
+			number_format_i18n(max(0, (int) ($points_stats['settled'] ?? 0)))
         )) . '</p>';
 
         echo '<form id="aksrt-pay-batch-settle-income" method="post" action="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin-post.php')) . '" style="margin:12px 0;">';
         echo '<input type="hidden" name="action" value="aksrt_pay_batch_settle_income" />';
+		echo '<input type="hidden" name="operation_key" value="' . esc_attr(wp_generate_uuid4()) . '" />';
         wp_nonce_field('aksrt_pay_batch_settle_income');
         submit_button(__('批量结算选中记录', 'aksrt'), 'secondary', '', false);
         echo '</form>';
@@ -135,8 +143,10 @@ class PayIncome {
             echo '<td><code>' . esc_html((string) ($row['order_number'] ?? '')) . '</code></td>';
             $is_points = (string) ($row['currency'] ?? 'CNY') === 'points';
             $row_currency = $is_points ? __('积分', 'aksrt') : '¥';
-            $row_decimals = $is_points ? 0 : 2;
-            echo '<td>' . esc_html(number_format((float) ($row['amount'] ?? 0), $row_decimals) . ' ' . $row_currency) . '</td>';
+			$row_amount = $is_points
+				? number_format_i18n(max(0, (int) ($row['amount'] ?? 0)))
+				: $cash_amount($row['amount'] ?? '0');
+			echo '<td>' . esc_html($row_amount . ' ' . $row_currency) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html($st) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) ($row['created_at'] ?? '')) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>';
@@ -144,6 +154,7 @@ class PayIncome {
                 echo '<form method="post" action="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin-post.php')) . '">';
                 echo '<input type="hidden" name="action" value="aksrt_pay_settle_income" />';
                 echo '<input type="hidden" name="revenue_id" value="' . esc_attr((string) $id) . '" />';
+				echo '<input type="hidden" name="operation_key" value="' . esc_attr(wp_generate_uuid4()) . '" />';
                 wp_nonce_field('aksrt_pay_settle_income_' . $id);
                 submit_button(__('结算', 'aksrt'), 'small', '', false);
                 echo '</form>';
@@ -163,7 +174,11 @@ class PayIncome {
         }
         $id = isset($_POST['revenue_id']) ? (int) $_POST['revenue_id'] : 0;
         check_admin_referer('aksrt_pay_settle_income_' . $id);
-        $ok = $id > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Revenue') && \AKSRT\Payment\Revenue::get_instance()->settle($id, get_current_user_id());
+		$request_key = sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['operation_key'] ?? ''));
+		$operation_key = wp_is_uuid($request_key)
+			? \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('admin-revenue-settle', [get_current_user_id(), strtolower($request_key)])
+			: '';
+		$ok = $id > 0 && $operation_key !== '' && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Revenue') && \AKSRT\Payment\Revenue::get_instance()->settle($id, get_current_user_id(), $operation_key);
         wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_income', ['aksrt_pay_msg' => $ok ? 'income_settled' : 'income_failed']));
         exit;
     }
@@ -187,8 +202,12 @@ class PayIncome {
             }
         }
         $ids = array_values(array_unique($ids));
-        $batch_result = !empty($ids) && class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Payment\\Revenue')
-            ? \AKSRT\Payment\Revenue::get_instance()->settle_batch($ids, get_current_user_id())
+		$request_key = sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['operation_key'] ?? ''));
+		$operation_key = wp_is_uuid($request_key)
+			? \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('admin-revenue-settle-batch', [get_current_user_id(), strtolower($request_key)])
+			: '';
+		$batch_result = !empty($ids) && $operation_key !== '' && class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Payment\\Revenue')
+			? \AKSRT\Payment\Revenue::get_instance()->settle_batch($ids, get_current_user_id(), $operation_key)
             : ['settled' => [], 'failed' => $ids];
         $message = empty($batch_result['settled'])
             ? 'income_failed'
diff --git a/src/Admin/Native/PayMenus.php b/src/Admin/Native/PayMenus.php
index 8697f6eb..8ef71572 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Native/PayMenus.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Native/PayMenus.php
@@ -107,17 +107,6 @@ class PayMenus {
                     wp_die(esc_html__('分成模块未初始化。', 'aksrt'));
                 },
             ],
-            'rebate' => [
-                'slug'     => 'aksrt_rebate',
-                'title'    => __('推广返佣', 'aksrt'),
-                'callback' => static function (): void {
-                    if (class_exists('AKSRT\\Admin\\Native\\PayRebate')) {
-                        PayRebate::get_instance()->render_rebate_page();
-                        return;
-                    }
-                    wp_die(esc_html__('返佣模块未初始化。', 'aksrt'));
-                },
-            ],
             'withdraw' => [
                 'slug'     => 'aksrt_withdraw',
                 'title'    => __('提现审核', 'aksrt'),
@@ -224,7 +213,7 @@ class PayMenus {
         $this->stat_card(__('订单总数', 'aksrt'), (string) (int) ($order_stats['total'] ?? 0), $this->page_url('aksrt_orders'));
         $this->stat_card(__('待支付', 'aksrt'), (string) (int) ($order_stats['pending'] ?? 0), $this->page_url('aksrt_orders', ['status' => 'pending']));
         $this->stat_card(__('已支付', 'aksrt'), (string) (int) ($order_stats['paid'] ?? 0), $this->page_url('aksrt_orders', ['status' => 'paid']));
-        $this->stat_card(__('营收', 'aksrt'), number_format((float) ($order_stats['revenue'] ?? 0), 2), $this->page_url('aksrt_orders'));
+        $this->stat_card(__('营收', 'aksrt'), (string) ($order_stats['revenue'] ?? '0.00'), $this->page_url('aksrt_orders'));
         $this->stat_card(__('待审提现', 'aksrt'), (string) (int) ($withdraw_stats['pending'] ?? 0), $this->page_url('aksrt_withdraw', ['status' => 'pending']));
         $this->stat_card(__('可用卡密', 'aksrt'), (string) (int) ($card_stats['active'] ?? 0), $this->page_url('aksrt_charge_cards', ['status' => 'active']));
         echo '</div>';
diff --git a/src/Admin/Native/PayOrders.php b/src/Admin/Native/PayOrders.php
index 140dce97..61648061 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Native/PayOrders.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Native/PayOrders.php
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class PayOrders {
             echo '<td><code>' . esc_html($order_number) . '</code></td>';
             echo '<td>' . ($user ? esc_html($user->display_name . ' (#' . $user_id . ')') : esc_html((string) $user_id)) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) ($row['product_type'] ?? '')) . '</td>';
-            echo '<td>' . esc_html(number_format((float) ($row['amount'] ?? 0), 2)) . ' ' . esc_html((string) ($row['currency'] ?? '')) . '</td>';
+            echo '<td>' . esc_html($this->cash_decimal((string) ($row['amount'] ?? '0'))) . ' ' . esc_html((string) ($row['currency'] ?? '')) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html($status_label) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) ($row['created_at'] ?? '')) . '</td>';
             echo '<td style="display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;">';
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class PayOrders {
             __('用户', 'aksrt') => $user ? $user->display_name . ' (#' . $user_id . ')' : (string) $user_id,
             __('商品类型', 'aksrt') => (string) ($order['product_type'] ?? ''),
             __('商品 ID', 'aksrt') => (string) ($order['product_id'] ?? ''),
-            __('金额', 'aksrt') => number_format((float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0), 2) . ' ' . (string) ($order['currency'] ?? ''),
+            __('金额', 'aksrt') => $this->cash_decimal((string) ($order['amount'] ?? '0')) . ' ' . (string) ($order['currency'] ?? ''),
             __('状态', 'aksrt') => $labels[$status] ?? $status,
             __('支付方式', 'aksrt') => (string) ($order['payment_method'] ?? ''),
             __('交易号', 'aksrt') => (string) ($order['payment_transaction_id'] ?? ''),
@@ -465,6 +465,14 @@ class PayOrders {
         }
     }
 
+    private function cash_decimal(string $value): string {
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return '0.00';
+        }
+    }
+
     private function render_header(string $title): void {
         echo '<div class="wrap">';
         echo '<h1>' . esc_html($title) . '</h1>';
diff --git a/src/Admin/Native/PayProducts.php b/src/Admin/Native/PayProducts.php
index 397d5a62..18dfef9f 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Native/PayProducts.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Native/PayProducts.php
@@ -94,17 +94,16 @@ class PayProducts {
             $modo_label = $modo === 'points' ? __('积分', 'aksrt') : __('现金', 'aksrt');
 
             if ($modo === 'points') {
-                $list_price = (int) ceil((float) ($meta['points_price'] ?? $meta['price'] ?? 0));
+                $list_price = max(0, (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0));
                 $price_text = sprintf(__('%d 积分', 'aksrt'), $list_price);
             } else {
-                $list_price = round((float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0), 2);
-                $price_text = number_format($list_price, 2);
+                $price_text = $this->cash_decimal((string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0'));
             }
 
-            $sales     = $sales_map[$post_id] ?? ['sales_count' => 0, 'avg_amount' => 0.0, 'revenue' => 0.0];
+            $sales     = $sales_map[$post_id] ?? ['sales_count' => 0, 'avg_amount' => '0.00', 'revenue' => '0.00'];
             $db_sales  = (int) ($sales['sales_count'] ?? 0);
-            $avg       = (float) ($sales['avg_amount'] ?? 0);
-            $revenue   = (float) ($sales['revenue'] ?? 0);
+            $avg       = $this->cash_decimal((string) ($sales['avg_amount'] ?? '0'));
+            $revenue   = $this->cash_decimal((string) ($sales['revenue'] ?? '0'));
             $meta_sales = (int) get_post_meta($post_id, \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::RESOURCE_SALES_VOLUME_KEY, true);
 
             $edit_url = get_edit_post_link($post_id, 'raw');
@@ -130,10 +129,10 @@ class PayProducts {
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) $pt_label) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html($modo_label) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html($price_text) . '</td>';
-            echo '<td>' . esc_html(number_format($avg, 2)) . '</td>';
+            echo '<td>' . esc_html($avg) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) $db_sales) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) max(0, $meta_sales)) . '</td>';
-            echo '<td>' . esc_html(number_format($revenue, 2)) . '</td>';
+            echo '<td>' . esc_html($revenue) . '</td>';
             echo '<td style="display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;">';
             if ($edit_url) {
                 echo '<a class="button button-small" href="' . esc_url($edit_url) . '">' . esc_html__('编辑', 'aksrt') . '</a>';
@@ -337,6 +336,14 @@ class PayProducts {
         }
     }
 
+    private function cash_decimal(string $value): string {
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return '0.00';
+        }
+    }
+
     private function render_header(string $title): void {
         echo '<div class="wrap">';
         echo '<h1>' . esc_html($title) . '</h1>';
diff --git a/src/Admin/Native/PayRebate.php b/src/Admin/Native/PayRebate.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e28d42d..00000000
--- a/src/Admin/Native/PayRebate.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,202 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-/**
- * @package AKSRT
- */
-
-namespace AKSRT\Admin\Native;
-
-defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
-
-class PayRebate {
-
-    public const CAPABILITY = 'manage_options';
-    public const PAGE_SLUG  = 'aksrt_rebate';
-
-    private static $instance = null;
-
-    public static function get_instance(): self {
-        if (null === self::$instance) {
-            self::$instance = new self();
-        }
-        return self::$instance;
-    }
-
-    public function init(): void {
-        if (!is_admin()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        add_action('admin_post_aksrt_pay_settle_rebate', [$this, 'handle_settle_rebate']);
-        add_action('admin_post_aksrt_pay_cancel_rebate', [$this, 'handle_cancel_rebate']);
-    }
-
-    public function render_rebate_page(): void {
-        $this->ensure_cap();
-        $this->render_header(__('推广返佣', 'aksrt'));
-
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Rebate')) {
-            echo '<div class="notice notice-error"><p>' . esc_html__('返佣模块未初始化。', 'aksrt') . '</p></div>';
-            $this->render_footer();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $status   = isset($_GET['status']) ? sanitize_key((string) wp_unslash($_GET['status'])) : '';
-        $user_id  = isset($_GET['user_id']) ? max(0, (int) $_GET['user_id']) : (isset($_GET['referrer_id']) ? max(0, (int) $_GET['referrer_id']) : 0);
-        $page_num = max(1, (int) ($_GET['paged'] ?? 1));
-        $per_page = 20;
-        $svc      = \AKSRT\Payment\Rebate::get_instance();
-        $stats    = $svc->get_stats();
-
-        echo '<p>' . esc_html(sprintf(
-            /* translators: 1: total 2: pending 3: settled amount */
-            __('记录 %1$d · 待结算 %2$d · 已结算金额 %3$s', 'aksrt'),
-            (int) ($stats['total'] ?? 0),
-            (int) ($stats['pending'] ?? 0),
-            number_format((float) ($stats['settled_amount'] ?? 0), 2)
-        )) . '</p>';
-
-        echo '<form method="get" style="margin:12px 0;">';
-        echo '<input type="hidden" name="page" value="aksrt_rebate" />';
-        echo '<select name="status">';
-        foreach (['' => __('全部状态', 'aksrt'), 'pending' => __('待结算', 'aksrt'), 'settled' => __('已结算', 'aksrt'), 'cancelled' => __('已取消', 'aksrt')] as $key => $label) {
-            printf('<option value="%s"%s>%s</option>', esc_attr($key), selected($status, $key, false), esc_html($label));
-        }
-        echo '</select> ';
-        echo '<input type="number" min="0" name="user_id" value="' . esc_attr($user_id > 0 ? (string) $user_id : '') . '" placeholder="' . esc_attr__('推广用户 ID', 'aksrt') . '" class="small-text" /> ';
-        submit_button(__('筛选', 'aksrt'), 'secondary', '', false);
-        if ($user_id > 0) {
-            echo ' <a class="button button-small" href="' . esc_url($this->page_url('aksrt_rebate')) . '">' . esc_html__('清除用户过滤', 'aksrt') . '</a>';
-        }
-        echo '</form>';
-
-        $list_args = [
-            'status' => $status,
-            'limit'  => $per_page,
-            'offset' => ($page_num - 1) * $per_page,
-        ];
-        if ($user_id > 0) {
-            $list_args['user_id'] = $user_id;
-        }
-        $result = $svc->get_list($list_args);
-        $items = $result['items'] ?? [];
-        $total = (int) ($result['total'] ?? 0);
-        $pages = max(1, (int) ceil(max(1, $total) / $per_page));
-
-        echo '<table class="wp-list-table widefat fixed striped"><thead><tr>';
-        echo '<th>ID</th><th>' . esc_html__('用户', 'aksrt') . '</th><th>' . esc_html__('订单号', 'aksrt') . '</th><th>' . esc_html__('金额', 'aksrt') . '</th><th>' . esc_html__('状态', 'aksrt') . '</th><th>' . esc_html__('时间', 'aksrt') . '</th><th>' . esc_html__('操作', 'aksrt') . '</th>';
-        echo '</tr></thead><tbody>';
-        if (!$items) {
-            echo '<tr><td colspan="7">' . esc_html__('暂无返佣记录', 'aksrt') . '</td></tr>';
-        }
-        foreach ($items as $row) {
-            $id      = (int) ($row['id'] ?? 0);
-            $user_id = (int) ($row['user_id'] ?? 0);
-            $user    = $user_id > 0 ? get_userdata($user_id) : null;
-            $st      = (string) ($row['status'] ?? '');
-            echo '<tr>';
-            echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) $id) . '</td>';
-            echo '<td>' . ($user ? esc_html($user->display_name) : esc_html((string) $user_id)) . '</td>';
-            echo '<td><code>' . esc_html((string) ($row['order_number'] ?? '')) . '</code></td>';
-            echo '<td>' . esc_html(number_format((float) ($row['amount'] ?? 0), 2)) . '</td>';
-            echo '<td>' . esc_html($st) . '</td>';
-            echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) ($row['created_at'] ?? '')) . '</td>';
-            echo '<td style="display:flex;gap:4px;">';
-            if ($st === 'pending') {
-                echo '<form method="post" action="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin-post.php')) . '">';
-                echo '<input type="hidden" name="action" value="aksrt_pay_settle_rebate" />';
-                echo '<input type="hidden" name="rebate_id" value="' . esc_attr((string) $id) . '" />';
-                wp_nonce_field('aksrt_pay_settle_rebate_' . $id);
-                submit_button(__('结算', 'aksrt'), 'small', '', false);
-                echo '</form>';
-                echo '<form method="post" action="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin-post.php')) . '">';
-                echo '<input type="hidden" name="action" value="aksrt_pay_cancel_rebate" />';
-                echo '<input type="hidden" name="rebate_id" value="' . esc_attr((string) $id) . '" />';
-                wp_nonce_field('aksrt_pay_cancel_rebate_' . $id);
-                submit_button(__('取消', 'aksrt'), 'small', '', false);
-                echo '</form>';
-            } else {
-                echo '—';
-            }
-            echo '</td></tr>';
-        }
-        echo '</tbody></table>';
-        $this->render_pagination($pages, $page_num);
-        $this->render_footer();
-    }
-
-    public function handle_settle_rebate(): void {
-        if (!current_user_can(self::CAPABILITY)) {
-            wp_die(esc_html__('权限不足', 'aksrt'));
-        }
-        $id = isset($_POST['rebate_id']) ? (int) $_POST['rebate_id'] : 0;
-        check_admin_referer('aksrt_pay_settle_rebate_' . $id);
-        $ok = $id > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Rebate') && \AKSRT\Payment\Rebate::get_instance()->settle($id);
-        wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_rebate', ['aksrt_pay_msg' => $ok ? 'rebate_settled' : 'rebate_failed']));
-        exit;
-    }
-
-    public function handle_cancel_rebate(): void {
-        if (!current_user_can(self::CAPABILITY)) {
-            wp_die(esc_html__('权限不足', 'aksrt'));
-        }
-        $id = isset($_POST['rebate_id']) ? (int) $_POST['rebate_id'] : 0;
-        check_admin_referer('aksrt_pay_cancel_rebate_' . $id);
-        $ok = $id > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Rebate') && \AKSRT\Payment\Rebate::get_instance()->cancel($id);
-        wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_rebate', ['aksrt_pay_msg' => $ok ? 'rebate_cancelled' : 'rebate_failed']));
-        exit;
-    }
-
-
-
-    private function ensure_cap(): void {
-        if (!current_user_can(self::CAPABILITY)) {
-            wp_die(esc_html__('您没有权限访问此页面。', 'aksrt'));
-        }
-    }
-
-    private function render_header(string $title): void {
-        echo '<div class="wrap">';
-        echo '<h1>' . esc_html($title) . '</h1>';
-        $this->render_flash();
-    }
-
-    private function render_footer(): void {
-        echo '</div>';
-    }
-
-    private function render_flash(): void {
-        if (empty($_GET['aksrt_pay_msg'])) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $code = sanitize_key((string) wp_unslash($_GET['aksrt_pay_msg']));
-        $map  = [
-            'rebate_settled'   => __('返佣已结算。', 'aksrt'),
-            'rebate_cancelled' => __('返佣已取消。', 'aksrt'),
-            'rebate_failed'    => __('返佣操作失败。', 'aksrt'),
-        ];
-        if (!isset($map[$code])) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $class = str_contains($code, 'failed') ? 'notice-error' : 'notice-success';
-        echo '<div class="notice ' . esc_attr($class) . ' is-dismissible"><p>' . esc_html($map[$code]) . '</p></div>';
-    }
-
-    private function page_url(string $slug, array $args = []): string {
-        return add_query_arg(array_merge(['page' => $slug], $args), admin_url('admin.php'));
-    }
-
-    private function render_pagination(int $pages, int $page_num): void {
-        if ($pages <= 1) {
-            return;
-        }
-        echo '<div class="tablenav"><div class="tablenav-pages">';
-        echo paginate_links([
-            'base'      => add_query_arg('paged', '%#%'),
-            'format'    => '',
-            'prev_text' => '&laquo;',
-            'next_text' => '&raquo;',
-            'total'     => $pages,
-            'current'   => $page_num,
-        ]);
-        echo '</div></div>';
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Admin/Native/PayWithdrawals.php b/src/Admin/Native/PayWithdrawals.php
index 7cd185da..e1d391df 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Native/PayWithdrawals.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Native/PayWithdrawals.php
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ class PayWithdrawals {
         $per_page = 20;
         $svc      = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance();
         $stats    = $svc->get_stats();
+		$retry_id = isset($_GET['retry_id']) ? max(0, (int) $_GET['retry_id']) : 0;
+		$retry_key = isset($_GET['retry_key']) ? sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_GET['retry_key'])) : '';
+		if (!wp_is_uuid($retry_key)) {
+			$retry_key = '';
+		}
 
         echo '<p>' . esc_html(sprintf(
             /* translators: 1: total 2: pending 3: completed 4: paid */
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ class PayWithdrawals {
             (int) ($stats['processing'] ?? 0),
             (int) ($stats['completed'] ?? 0),
             (int) ($stats['rejected'] ?? 0),
-            number_format((float) ($stats['total_paid'] ?? 0), 2)
+			(string) ($stats['total_paid'] ?? '0.00')
         )) . '</p>';
 
         echo '<form method="get" style="margin:12px 0;">';
@@ -106,17 +111,17 @@ class PayWithdrawals {
             $user_id = (int) ($row['user_id'] ?? 0);
             $user    = $user_id > 0 ? get_userdata($user_id) : null;
             $st      = (string) ($row['status'] ?? '');
-            $gross   = (float) ($row['gross_amount'] ?? $row['amount'] ?? 0);
-            $net     = (float) ($row['amount'] ?? 0);
-            $fee     = (int) ($row['fee_rate'] ?? 0);
-            $acct    = (string) ($row['display_account'] ?? $row['account_info'] ?? '');
-            $amount_txt = number_format($net, 2);
-            if ($gross > 0 && abs($gross - $net) > 0.001) {
-                $amount_txt = sprintf(
+			$gross   = (string) ($row['gross_amount'] ?? '0.00');
+			$net     = (string) ($row['amount'] ?? '0.00');
+			$fee     = (int) ($row['fee_rate'] ?? 0);
+			$acct    = (string) ($row['display_account'] ?? $row['account_info'] ?? '');
+			$amount_txt = $net;
+			if ($gross !== $net) {
+				$amount_txt = sprintf(
                     /* translators: 1: gross 2: net 3: fee percent */
                     __('申请 %1$s / 到账 %2$s（手续费 %3$d%%）', 'aksrt'),
-                    number_format($gross, 2),
-                    number_format($net, 2),
+					$gross,
+					$net,
                     $fee
                 );
             }
@@ -130,15 +135,22 @@ class PayWithdrawals {
             echo '<td>' . esc_html($status_options[$st] ?? $st) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) ($row['created_at'] ?? '')) . '</td>';
             echo '<td>';
-            echo '<form method="post" action="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin-post.php')) . '" style="display:flex;gap:4px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;">';
-            echo '<input type="hidden" name="action" value="aksrt_pay_update_withdrawal" />';
-            echo '<input type="hidden" name="withdrawal_id" value="' . esc_attr((string) $id) . '" />';
+			$next_statuses = $st === 'pending' ? ['processing', 'rejected'] : ($st === 'processing' ? ['completed', 'rejected'] : []);
+			if ($next_statuses === []) {
+				echo '&mdash;';
+				echo '</td>';
+				echo '</tr>';
+				continue;
+			}
+			$request_key = $retry_id === $id && $retry_key !== '' ? $retry_key : wp_generate_uuid4();
+			echo '<form method="post" action="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin-post.php')) . '" style="display:flex;gap:4px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;">';
+			echo '<input type="hidden" name="action" value="aksrt_pay_update_withdrawal" />';
+			echo '<input type="hidden" name="withdrawal_id" value="' . esc_attr((string) $id) . '" />';
+			echo '<input type="hidden" name="idempotency_key" value="' . esc_attr($request_key) . '" />';
             wp_nonce_field('aksrt_pay_update_withdrawal_' . $id);
             echo '<select name="new_status">';
-            foreach ($status_options as $key => $label) {
-                if ($key === '') {
-                    continue;
-                }
+			foreach ($next_statuses as $key) {
+				$label = $status_options[$key];
                 printf(
                     '<option value="%s"%s>%s</option>',
                     esc_attr($key),
@@ -180,26 +192,31 @@ class PayWithdrawals {
         $id         = isset($_POST['withdrawal_id']) ? (int) $_POST['withdrawal_id'] : 0;
         $new_status = isset($_POST['new_status']) ? sanitize_key((string) wp_unslash($_POST['new_status'])) : '';
         $note       = isset($_POST['note']) ? sanitize_textarea_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['note'])) : '';
+		$request_key = isset($_POST['idempotency_key']) ? sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['idempotency_key'])) : '';
         check_admin_referer('aksrt_pay_update_withdrawal_' . $id);
 
         $msg = 'withdraw_failed';
-        if ($id > 0 && $new_status !== '' && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal')) {
-            $result = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->process_status_change($id, $new_status, $note);
+		if ($id > 0 && $new_status !== '' && wp_is_uuid($request_key) && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal')) {
+			$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('admin-withdraw-transition', [get_current_user_id(), strtolower($request_key)]);
+			$result = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->process_status_change($id, $new_status, $note, $operation_key);
             if (!is_wp_error($result) && $result) {
                 $msg = 'withdraw_updated';
-            } elseif (is_wp_error($result) && $result->get_error_code() === 'aksrt_balance') {
+            } elseif (is_wp_error($result) && $result->get_error_code() === 'aksrt_balance_insufficient') {
                 $msg = 'withdraw_refund_failed';
             }
         }
 
-        wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_withdraw', [
-            'aksrt_pay_msg' => $msg,
-        ]));
+		$redirect_args = ['aksrt_pay_msg' => $msg];
+		if ($msg !== 'withdraw_updated' && wp_is_uuid($request_key)) {
+			$redirect_args['retry_id'] = $id;
+			$redirect_args['retry_key'] = $request_key;
+		}
+		wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_withdraw', $redirect_args));
         exit;
     }
 
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------
-     * Income / rebate
+     * Income
      * ----------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 
diff --git a/src/Admin/PaymentController.php b/src/Admin/PaymentController.php
index 5a111c51..107f015a 100644
--- a/src/Admin/PaymentController.php
+++ b/src/Admin/PaymentController.php
@@ -42,17 +42,35 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'get_creator_income'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => [
+				'page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'default' => 1],
+				'per_page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'maximum' => 100, 'default' => 20],
+				'status' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['', 'pending', 'settled']],
+				'user_id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 0, 'default' => 0],
+				'post_id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 0, 'default' => 0],
+				'currency' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['', 'CNY', 'cny', 'points']],
+				'order_status' => ['type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key'],
+				'order_number' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 64, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'date_from' => ['type' => 'string', 'format' => 'date'],
+				'date_to' => ['type' => 'string', 'format' => 'date'],
+			],
         ]);
         register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/payment/creator-income/(?P<id>\d+)/settle', [
             'methods'             => 'POST',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'settle_creator_income'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => ['id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'required' => true]],
         ]);
 
         register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/payment/withdrawals', [
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'get_withdrawals'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => [
+				'page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'default' => 1],
+				'per_page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'maximum' => 50, 'default' => 20],
+				'status' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['', 'pending', 'processing', 'completed', 'rejected']],
+			],
         ]);
 
         // Withdrawal status update
@@ -60,6 +78,11 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
             'methods'             => 'POST',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'update_withdrawal_status'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => [
+				'id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'required' => true],
+				'status' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'enum' => ['processing', 'completed', 'rejected']],
+				'note' => ['type' => 'string', 'default' => '', 'maxLength' => 1000, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_textarea_field'],
+			],
         ]);
 
         // ── Charge Card ──
@@ -69,11 +92,20 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'get_charge_cards'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => [
+				'page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'default' => 1],
+				'per_page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'maximum' => 100, 'default' => 20],
+				'status' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['', 'active', 'used', 'expired', 'disabled']],
+				'keyword' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 191, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'date_from' => ['type' => 'string', 'format' => 'date'],
+				'date_to' => ['type' => 'string', 'format' => 'date'],
+			],
         ]);
         register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/payment/charge-cards/(?P<id>\d+)', [
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'get_charge_card_detail'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => ['id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'required' => true]],
         ]);
 
         // Charge card create
@@ -81,6 +113,16 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
             'methods'             => 'POST',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'create_charge_card'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => [
+				'type' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'enum' => ['balance', 'vip', 'credits']],
+				'password' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'minLength' => 1, 'maxLength' => 80, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'amount' => ['type' => 'string', 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
+				'points' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1],
+				'level' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'maximum' => 2],
+				'days' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 0],
+				'expires_at' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 32, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'note' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 1000, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_textarea_field'],
+			],
         ]);
 
         // Charge card batch create
@@ -88,6 +130,18 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
             'methods'             => 'POST',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'batch_create_charge_cards'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => [
+				'type' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'enum' => ['balance', 'vip', 'credits']],
+				'count' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'maximum' => 100, 'required' => true],
+				'amount' => ['type' => 'string', 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
+				'points' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1],
+				'level' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'maximum' => 2],
+				'days' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 0],
+				'prefix' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 20, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'length' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 8, 'maximum' => 32, 'default' => 16],
+				'expires_at' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 32, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'note' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 1000, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_textarea_field'],
+			],
         ]);
 
         // Charge card disable
@@ -95,6 +149,7 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
             'methods'             => 'POST',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'disable_charge_card'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => ['id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'required' => true]],
         ]);
 
     }
@@ -129,14 +184,14 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
      */
     public function get_revenue(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
         $revenue_stats = [
-            'cash'   => ['total' => 0, 'pending' => 0, 'settled' => 0, 'count' => 0],
+			'cash'   => ['total' => '0.00', 'pending' => '0.00', 'settled' => '0.00', 'count' => 0],
             'points' => ['total' => 0, 'pending' => 0, 'settled' => 0, 'count' => 0],
         ];
         if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Revenue')) {
             $revenue_stats = \AKSRT\Payment\Revenue::get_instance()->get_stats();
         }
 
-        $withdrawal_stats = ['total' => 0, 'pending' => 0, 'processing' => 0, 'completed' => 0, 'rejected' => 0, 'total_paid' => 0];
+		$withdrawal_stats = ['total' => 0, 'pending' => 0, 'processing' => 0, 'completed' => 0, 'rejected' => 0, 'total_paid' => '0.00'];
         if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal')) {
             $withdrawal_stats = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->get_stats();
         }
@@ -201,9 +256,19 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
         $series = ['cash' => [], 'points' => []];
         foreach ((array) $results as $row) {
             $key = (string) ($row->currency ?? '') === 'points' ? 'points' : 'cash';
-            $series[$key][] = [
+			$amount = (string) ($row->total_amount ?? '0');
+			if ($key === 'points') {
+				$amount = preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:\.0+)?$/', $amount, $matches) ? (int) $matches[1] : 0;
+			} else {
+				try {
+					$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($amount)->decimal();
+				} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+					$amount = '0.00';
+				}
+			}
+			$series[$key][] = [
                 'date'   => (string) $row->period,
-                'amount' => (float) $row->total_amount,
+				'amount' => $amount,
                 'count'  => (int) $row->order_count,
             ];
         }
@@ -245,10 +310,29 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
             return $this->error(__('创作分成模块未启用', 'aksrt'), 500);
         }
         $id = (int) $request->get_param('id');
-        if ($id <= 0 || !\AKSRT\Payment\Revenue::get_instance()->settle($id, get_current_user_id())) {
-            return $this->error(__('结算失败', 'aksrt'));
-        }
-        return $this->success(['message' => __('创作分成已结算', 'aksrt')]);
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'admin-revenue-settle', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $this->error($operation_key->get_error_message(), (int) ($operation_key->get_error_data()['status'] ?? 400));
+		}
+		$result = \AKSRT\Payment\Revenue::get_instance()->settle_result($id, get_current_user_id(), $operation_key);
+		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
+			$data = $result->get_error_data();
+			return $this->error($result->get_error_message(), is_array($data) ? (int) ($data['status'] ?? 400) : 400);
+		}
+		$entry = (array) ($result->entries[0] ?? []);
+		$asset = (string) ($entry['asset'] ?? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE->value);
+		$author_id = (int) ($entry['user_id'] ?? 0);
+		$balance_minor = $result->balance($author_id, $asset);
+		$balance = $asset === \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE->value
+			? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($balance_minor)
+			: $balance_minor;
+		return $this->success([
+			'message' => __('创作分成已结算', 'aksrt'),
+			'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+			'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+			'asset' => $asset,
+			'balance' => $balance,
+		]);
     }
 
     public function get_withdrawals(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
@@ -293,7 +377,7 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
         $new_status  = sanitize_key((string) ($params['status'] ?? ''));
         $note        = sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($params['note'] ?? ''));
 
-        $valid_statuses = ['pending', 'processing', 'completed', 'rejected'];
+		$valid_statuses = ['processing', 'completed', 'rejected'];
         if (!in_array($new_status, $valid_statuses, true)) {
             return $this->error('无效的提现状态');
         }
@@ -302,13 +386,18 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
             return $this->error('无效的提现 ID');
         }
 
-        $result = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->process_status_change($id, $new_status, $note);
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'admin-withdraw-transition', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $this->error($operation_key->get_error_message(), (int) ($operation_key->get_error_data()['status'] ?? 400));
+		}
+        $result = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->process_status_change($id, $new_status, $note, $operation_key);
 
         if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-            return $this->error($result->get_error_message());
+			$data = $result->get_error_data();
+			return $this->error($result->get_error_message(), is_array($data) ? (int) ($data['status'] ?? 400) : 400);
         }
-        if ($result) {
-            return $this->success(['message' => __('提现状态已更新', 'aksrt')]);
+		if (is_array($result)) {
+			return $this->success(array_merge(['message' => __('提现状态已更新', 'aksrt')], $result));
         }
         return $this->error(__('更新失败', 'aksrt'));
     }
@@ -359,7 +448,6 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
         foreach ((array) $rows as $row) {
             $item = $this->build_charge_card_admin_item($row);
             if ($keyword !== '' && mb_stripos(implode(' ', array_filter([
-                (string) ($item['code'] ?? ''),
                 (string) ($item['password'] ?? ''),
                 (string) ($item['card'] ?? ''),
                 (string) ($item['type_label'] ?? ''),
@@ -410,7 +498,7 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
         if (!in_array($type, ['balance', 'vip', 'credits'], true)) {
             $type = 'balance';
         }
-        $password = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['password'] ?? $params['code'] ?? ''));
+		$password = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['password'] ?? ''));
         if ($password === '') {
             return $this->error('卡密不能为空');
         }
@@ -449,15 +537,22 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
         $note    = sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($params['note'] ?? ''));
         $expires = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['expires_at'] ?? ''));
 
+		$raw_amount = $params['amount'] ?? '';
         $meta_fields = [
-            'amount' => (float) ($params['amount'] ?? 0),
+            'amount' => is_string($raw_amount) ? $raw_amount : '',
             'level'  => (int) ($params['level'] ?? 1),
-            'days'   => (int) ($params['days'] ?? $params['vip_days'] ?? 30),
-            'points' => (int) ($params['points'] ?? $params['credits'] ?? 0),
+			'days'   => (int) ($params['days'] ?? 30),
+			'points' => (int) ($params['points'] ?? 0),
         ];
 
-        if ($type === 'balance' && $meta_fields['amount'] <= 0) {
-            return $this->error('余额卡金额必须大于 0');
+		if ($type === 'balance') {
+			try {
+				$card_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($meta_fields['amount']);
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return $this->error('余额卡金额格式无效');
+			}
+			if ($card_amount->minor() <= 0) return $this->error('余额卡金额必须大于 0');
+			$meta_fields['amount'] = $card_amount->decimal();
         }
         if ($type === 'credits' && $meta_fields['points'] <= 0) {
             return $this->error('积分卡积分必须大于 0');
@@ -522,171 +617,6 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
         ]);
     }
 
-    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------
-     * Rebate
-     * ----------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-    /**
-     * GET /payment/rebate/log — 返佣记录列表
-     */
-    public function get_rebate_list(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Rebate')) {
-            return $this->success(['data' => ['items' => [], 'total' => 0, 'page' => 1, 'max_pages' => 1]]);
-        }
-
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        $table      = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('rebate_log');
-        $page       = max(1, (int) ($request->get_param('page') ?: 1));
-        $per_page   = max(1, min(100, (int) ($request->get_param('per_page') ?: 20)));
-        $status     = sanitize_key((string) $request->get_param('status'));
-        $type       = sanitize_key((string) $request->get_param('type'));
-        $keyword    = trim(sanitize_text_field((string) $request->get_param('keyword')));
-        $user_id    = (int) $request->get_param('user_id');
-        $date_from  = sanitize_text_field((string) $request->get_param('date_from'));
-        $date_to    = sanitize_text_field((string) $request->get_param('date_to'));
-
-        $where  = [];
-        $params = [];
-
-        if ($status !== '') {
-            $where[]  = 'status = %s';
-            $params[] = $status;
-        }
-        if ($type !== '') {
-            $where[]  = 'type = %s';
-            $params[] = $type;
-        }
-        if ($user_id > 0) {
-            $where[]  = 'user_id = %d';
-            $params[] = $user_id;
-        }
-        if ($date_from !== '') {
-            $where[]  = 'created_at >= %s';
-            $params[] = $date_from . ' 00:00:00';
-        }
-        if ($date_to !== '') {
-            $where[]  = 'created_at <= %s';
-            $params[] = $date_to . ' 23:59:59';
-        }
-
-        $where_sql = $where ? 'WHERE ' . implode(' AND ', $where) : '';
-        $sql       = "SELECT * FROM {$table} {$where_sql} ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 500";
-        $rows      = $params ? $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare($sql, $params), ARRAY_A) : $wpdb->get_results($sql, ARRAY_A);
-
-        $items = [];
-        foreach ((array) $rows as $row) {
-            $item = $this->build_rebate_admin_item($row);
-            if ($keyword !== '' && mb_stripos(implode(' ', array_filter([
-                (string) ($item['order_number'] ?? ''),
-                (string) ($item['note'] ?? ''),
-                (string) ($item['user']['display_name'] ?? ''),
-                (string) ($item['source_user']['display_name'] ?? ''),
-            ])), $keyword) === false) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            $items[] = $item;
-        }
-
-        $total  = count($items);
-        $offset = ($page - 1) * $per_page;
-        $stats  = \AKSRT\Payment\Rebate::get_instance()->get_stats();
-
-        return $this->success([
-            'data' => [
-                'items'     => array_values(array_slice($items, $offset, $per_page)),
-                'total'     => $total,
-                'page'      => $page,
-                'per_page'  => $per_page,
-                'max_pages' => max(1, (int) ceil(max(1, $total) / $per_page)),
-                'stats'     => $stats,
-                'options'   => [
-                    'statuses' => [
-                        ['label' => __('全部状态', 'aksrt'), 'value' => ''],
-                        ['label' => __('待结算', 'aksrt'), 'value' => 'pending'],
-                        ['label' => __('已结算', 'aksrt'), 'value' => 'settled'],
-                        ['label' => __('已取消', 'aksrt'), 'value' => 'cancelled'],
-                    ],
-                    'types' => [
-                        ['label' => __('全部类型', 'aksrt'), 'value' => ''],
-                        ['label' => __('订单返佣', 'aksrt'), 'value' => 'order'],
-                    ],
-                ],
-            ],
-        ]);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * POST /payment/rebate/{id}/settle — 结算返佣
-     */
-    public function settle_rebate(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Rebate')) {
-            return $this->error('返佣系统未启用', 500);
-        }
-
-        $id = (int) $request->get_param('id');
-        $params = $this->get_json_params($request);
-        $note = sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($params['note'] ?? ''));
-        if ($id <= 0) {
-            return $this->error('参数无效');
-        }
-
-        $success = \AKSRT\Payment\Rebate::get_instance()->settle($id);
-
-        if ($success) {
-            $this->append_rebate_process_log($id, 'settled', $note);
-            return $this->success(['message' => __('返佣已结算', 'aksrt')]);
-        }
-        return $this->error(__('结算失败', 'aksrt'));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * POST /payment/rebate/{id}/cancel — 取消返佣
-     */
-    public function cancel_rebate(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Rebate')) {
-            return $this->error('返佣系统未启用', 500);
-        }
-
-        $id = (int) $request->get_param('id');
-        $params = $this->get_json_params($request);
-        $note = sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($params['note'] ?? ''));
-        if ($id <= 0) {
-            return $this->error('参数无效');
-        }
-
-        $success = \AKSRT\Payment\Rebate::get_instance()->cancel($id);
-
-        if ($success) {
-            $this->append_rebate_process_log($id, 'cancelled', $note);
-            return $this->success(['message' => __('返佣已取消', 'aksrt')]);
-        }
-        return $this->error(__('操作失败', 'aksrt'));
-    }
-
-    public function get_rebate_detail(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        $id    = (int) $request->get_param('id');
-        $table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('rebate_log');
-
-        if ($id <= 0 || !$table) {
-            return $this->error(__('返佣记录不存在', 'aksrt'), 404);
-        }
-
-        $row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE id = %d", $id), ARRAY_A);
-        if (!$row) {
-            return $this->error(__('返佣记录不存在', 'aksrt'), 404);
-        }
-
-        return $this->success([
-            'data' => [
-                'record'  => $this->build_rebate_admin_item($row),
-                'history' => $this->get_rebate_process_log($id),
-            ],
-        ]);
-    }
-
     private function build_charge_card_admin_item(array $row): array {
         $used_by   = (int) ($row['used_by'] ?? 0);
         $user      = $used_by > 0 ? get_userdata($used_by) : null;
@@ -716,18 +646,17 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
             }
         }
 
-        $password = (string) ($row['password'] ?? $row['code'] ?? '');
+		$password = (string) ($row['password'] ?? '');
         $card_no  = (string) ($row['card'] ?? '');
 
         return [
             'id'            => (int) ($row['id'] ?? 0),
-            'code'          => $password,
             'password'      => $password,
             'card'          => $card_no,
             'type'          => $type,
             'type_label'    => $typeMap[$type] ?? $type,
-            'amount'        => (float) ($row['amount'] ?? 0),
-            'balance'       => (float) ($row['balance'] ?? 0),
+			'amount'        => $this->cash_decimal((string) ($meta['amount'] ?? $row['amount'] ?? '0')),
+			'balance'       => $this->cash_decimal((string) ($row['balance'] ?? '0')),
             'meta'          => $meta,
             'level'         => (int) ($meta['level'] ?? 0),
             'days'          => (int) ($meta['days'] ?? 0),
@@ -748,76 +677,12 @@ class PaymentController extends ControllerBase {
         ];
     }
 
-    private function build_rebate_admin_item(array $row): array {
-        $user_id       = (int) ($row['user_id'] ?? 0);
-        $source_user_id = (int) ($row['source_user_id'] ?? 0);
-        $user          = $user_id > 0 ? get_userdata($user_id) : null;
-        $source_user   = $source_user_id > 0 ? get_userdata($source_user_id) : null;
-        $status        = sanitize_key((string) ($row['status'] ?? 'pending'));
-        $type          = sanitize_key((string) ($row['type'] ?? 'order'));
+	private function cash_decimal(string $value): string {
+		try {
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return '0.00';
+		}
+	}
 
-        $statusMap = [
-            'pending'   => __('待结算', 'aksrt'),
-            'settled'   => __('已结算', 'aksrt'),
-            'cancelled' => __('已取消', 'aksrt'),
-        ];
-        $typeMap = [
-			'order' => __('订单返佣', 'aksrt'),
-        ];
-
-        return [
-            'id'           => (int) ($row['id'] ?? 0),
-            'order_number' => (string) ($row['order_number'] ?? ''),
-            'amount'       => (float) ($row['amount'] ?? 0),
-            'status'       => $status,
-            'status_label' => $statusMap[$status] ?? $status,
-            'type'         => $type,
-            'type_label'   => $typeMap[$type] ?? $type,
-            'created_at'   => (string) ($row['created_at'] ?? ''),
-            'settled_at'   => (string) ($row['settled_at'] ?? ''),
-            'note'         => (string) ($row['note'] ?? ''),
-            'history_count' => count($this->get_rebate_process_log((int) ($row['id'] ?? 0))),
-            'user'         => $user instanceof \WP_User ? [
-                'id'           => (int) $user->ID,
-                'display_name' => $user->display_name,
-                'email'        => $user->user_email,
-            ] : null,
-            'source_user'  => $source_user instanceof \WP_User ? [
-                'id'           => (int) $source_user->ID,
-                'display_name' => $source_user->display_name,
-                'email'        => $source_user->user_email,
-            ] : null,
-        ];
-    }
-
-    private function append_rebate_process_log(int $rebate_id, string $event, string $note = ''): void {
-        $log = get_option('aksrt_rebate_process_log', []);
-        if (!is_array($log)) {
-            $log = [];
-        }
-
-        $rebate_id = (int) $rebate_id;
-        if (!isset($log[$rebate_id]) || !is_array($log[$rebate_id])) {
-            $log[$rebate_id] = [];
-        }
-
-        $log[$rebate_id][] = [
-            'event'        => sanitize_key($event),
-            'note'         => sanitize_textarea_field($note),
-            'operator'     => get_current_user_id(),
-            'operator_name' => ($user = wp_get_current_user()) ? $user->display_name : '',
-            'time'         => current_time('mysql'),
-        ];
-
-        update_option('aksrt_rebate_process_log', $log, false);
-    }
-
-    private function get_rebate_process_log(int $rebate_id): array {
-        $log = get_option('aksrt_rebate_process_log', []);
-        if (!is_array($log) || !isset($log[$rebate_id]) || !is_array($log[$rebate_id])) {
-            return [];
-        }
-
-        return array_values($log[$rebate_id]);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaPayment.php b/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaPayment.php
index 9acb94f4..cc68d52a 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaPayment.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaPayment.php
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ class SchemaPayment {
                         ['key' => 'basic', 'title' => '充值开关', 'fields' => [
                             ['key' => 'pay_balance_s', 'label' => '启用余额功能', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true],
                             ['key' => 'pay_balance_desc', 'label' => '充值说明', 'type' => 'textarea', 'default' => '', 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'pay_balance_s', 'value' => true]],
-                            ['key' => 'pay_auto_to_balance', 'label' => '自动到账到余额', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'pay_balance_s', 'value' => true]],
                         ]],
                         ['key' => 'packages', 'title' => '充值套餐', 'fields' => [
                             ['key' => 'pay_balance_product', 'label' => '套餐列表', 'type' => 'textarea', 'default' => "30|30|入门包\n98|108|推荐包", 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'pay_balance_s', 'value' => true]],
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ class SchemaPayment {
                                 ['label' => '优惠立减', 'value' => 'reduce'],
                             ]],
                             ['key' => 'vip_renew_discount', 'label' => '续费折扣(折，如 8=八折)', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 8, 'min' => 1, 'max' => 100, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'vip_renew_price_type', 'value' => 'discount']],
-                            ['key' => 'vip_renew_reduce', 'label' => '续费减免金额', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 20, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 9999, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'vip_renew_price_type', 'value' => 'reduce']],
+                            ['key' => 'vip_renew_reduce', 'label' => '续费减免金额', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '20.00', 'min' => 0, 'max' => 9999, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'vip_renew_price_type', 'value' => 'reduce']],
                         ]],
                         ['key' => 'upgrade', 'title' => '升级设置', 'fields' => [
                             ['key' => 'vip_upgrade', 'label' => '允许升级', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true],
@@ -297,7 +296,7 @@ class SchemaPayment {
                         ['key' => 'redeem', 'title' => '兑换设置', 'fields' => [
                             ['key' => 'card_pass_max_redeem', 'label' => '单卡最大兑换次数', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 1, 'min' => 1, 'max' => 100, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'card_pass_enabled', 'value' => true]],
                             ['key' => 'card_pass_expiry', 'label' => '有效期(天)', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 0, 'min' => 0, 'help' => '0为永久有效', 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'card_pass_enabled', 'value' => true]],
-                            ['key' => 'card_pass_amount', 'label' => '面额(元)', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 10, 'min' => 1, 'max' => 9999, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'card_pass_enabled', 'value' => true]],
+							['key' => 'card_pass_amount', 'label' => '面额(元)', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '10.00', 'min' => 1, 'max' => 9999, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'card_pass_enabled', 'value' => true]],
                             ['key' => 'card_pass_vip_days', 'label' => 'VIP天数', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 30, 'min' => 1, 'max' => 3650, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'card_pass_enabled', 'value' => true]],
                             ['key' => 'card_pass_credits', 'label' => '赠送积分', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 0, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 99999, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'card_pass_enabled', 'value' => true]],
                         ]],
@@ -315,10 +314,10 @@ class SchemaPayment {
                     'option_key' => 'aksrt_settings',
                     'groups'     => [
                         ['key' => 'basic', 'title' => '提现设置', 'fields' => [
-                            ['key' => 'affiliate_min_withdrawal', 'label' => '最低提现金额', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 50, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 99999],
+							['key' => 'affiliate_min_withdrawal', 'label' => '最低提现金额', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '50.00', 'desc' => '仅接受最多两位小数的十进制字符串。'],
                             ['key' => 'affiliate_withdrawal_fee', 'label' => '提现手续费(%)', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 5, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 100],
                             ['key' => 'affiliate_daily_withdrawal_count', 'label' => '每日可提现次数', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 3, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 99999],
-                            ['key' => 'affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit', 'label' => '每日提现上限', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 500, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 999999],
+							['key' => 'affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit', 'label' => '每日提现上限', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '500.00', 'desc' => '仅接受最多两位小数的十进制字符串。'],
                             ['key' => 'affiliate_withdrawal_reset_time', 'label' => '重置时间', 'type' => 'input', 'default' => '00:00', 'help' => '按站点 WordPress 时区重置，格式 HH:MM。'],
                             ['key' => 'affiliate_payout_channels', 'label' => '可用收款渠道', 'type' => 'checkbox', 'options' => [['value' => 'alipay', 'label' => '支付宝收款码'], ['value' => 'wechat', 'label' => '微信收款码']], 'default' => ['alipay', 'wechat']],
                         ]],
diff --git a/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaPostList.php b/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaPostList.php
index ac82a2ef..aeb68892 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaPostList.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaPostList.php
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ class SchemaPostList {
                             ['key' => 'post_rewards_text', 'label' => '打赏按钮文案', 'type' => 'input', 'default' => '赞赏'],
                             ['key' => 'post_rewards_amounts', 'label' => '快捷金额', 'type' => 'input', 'default' => '5,10,20,50,100', 'description' => '英文逗号分隔，赞赏直接进入作者站内余额'],
                             ['key' => 'post_rewards_custom', 'label' => '允许自定义金额', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true],
-                            ['key' => 'post_rewards_min', 'label' => '最低金额', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 1, 'min' => 0.01, 'max' => 1000, 'step' => 0.01],
-                            ['key' => 'post_rewards_max', 'label' => '最高金额', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 1000, 'min' => 1, 'max' => 100000, 'step' => 0.01],
+							['key' => 'post_rewards_min', 'label' => '最低金额', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '1.00', 'min' => 0.01, 'max' => 1000, 'step' => 0.01],
+							['key' => 'post_rewards_max', 'label' => '最高金额', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '1000.00', 'min' => 1, 'max' => 100000, 'step' => 0.01],
                             ['key' => 'post_button_toptext', 'label' => '按钮上方文案', 'type' => 'input', 'default' => '喜欢就支持一下吧'],
                         ]],
                         ['key' => 'content', 'title' => '内容处理', 'fields' => [
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ class SchemaPostList {
                         ]],
                         ['key' => 'paid', 'title' => '付费投稿权限', 'fields' => [
                             ['key' => 'post_article_pay_free_s', 'label' => '允许设置免费', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true],
-                            ['key' => 'post_article_pay_price_min', 'label' => '最低价格', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 0, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 9999, 'help' => '投稿可设置的最低付费金额'],
-                            ['key' => 'post_article_pay_price_max', 'label' => '最高价格', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 100, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 9999, 'help' => '投稿可设置的最高付费金额'],
+                            ['key' => 'post_article_pay_price_min', 'label' => '最低价格', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '0.00', 'min' => 0, 'max' => 9999, 'help' => '投稿可设置的最低付费金额'],
+                            ['key' => 'post_article_pay_price_max', 'label' => '最高价格', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '100.00', 'min' => 0, 'max' => 9999, 'help' => '投稿可设置的最高付费金额'],
                             ['key' => 'post_article_pay_vip_price_s', 'label' => '允许设置会员价', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true],
                             ['key' => 'post_article_pay_vip_1_discount', 'label' => 'VIP1 折扣(%)', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 80, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 100, 'help' => 'VIP1 会员折扣百分比，80 即 8 折'],
                             ['key' => 'post_article_pay_vip_2_discount', 'label' => 'VIP2 折扣(%)', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 50, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 100, 'help' => 'VIP2 会员折扣百分比，50 即 5 折'],
diff --git a/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaUsers.php b/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaUsers.php
index 5c7c7e99..1a146435 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaUsers.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Schema/SchemaUsers.php
@@ -514,9 +514,9 @@ class SchemaUsers {
                             ['key' => 'points_deduction_max', 'label' => '最大抵扣比例(%)', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 50, 'min' => 1, 'max' => 100, 'help' => '预留：最多可抵订单金额百分比。当前未参与下单。'],
                         ]],
                         ['key' => 'card_pass', 'title' => '积分卡密兑换', 'fields' => [
-                            ['key' => 'points_pass_exchange_s', 'label' => '启用积分卡密兑换', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => false],
-                            ['key' => 'points_pass_exchange_desc', 'label' => '兑换说明', 'type' => 'textarea', 'default' => '', 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'points_pass_exchange_s', 'value' => true]],
-                            ['key' => 'points_pass_exchange_only_password', 'label' => '仅密码兑换', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'points_pass_exchange_s', 'value' => true]],
+                            ['key' => 'asset_points_card_enabled', 'label' => '启用积分卡密兑换', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => false],
+                            ['key' => 'asset_points_card_description', 'label' => '兑换说明', 'type' => 'textarea', 'default' => '', 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'asset_points_card_enabled', 'value' => true]],
+                            ['key' => 'asset_points_card_password_only', 'label' => '仅密码兑换', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true, 'dependsOn' => ['key' => 'asset_points_card_enabled', 'value' => true]],
                         ]],
                         ['key' => 'display', 'title' => '展示设置', 'fields' => [
                             ['key' => 'points_show_balance', 'label' => '导航栏显示余额', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true],
@@ -591,9 +591,9 @@ class SchemaUsers {
                         ['key' => 'apply', 'title' => '申请设置', 'fields' => [
                             ['key' => 'user_verify_allow_apply', 'label' => '允许用户前台申请', 'type' => 'switch', 'default' => true],
                             ['key' => 'user_verify_disable_desc', 'label' => '停用申请说明', 'type' => 'textarea', 'default' => "由于系统正在维护，暂时无法申请身份认证\n详情请联系管理员"],
-                            ['key' => 'user_verify_personal_fee', 'label' => '个人认证每次扣余额（元）', 'type' => 'number', 'sanitize_type' => 'float', 'default' => 0, 'min' => 0, 'step' => 0.01],
+							['key' => 'user_verify_personal_fee', 'label' => '个人认证每次扣余额（元）', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '0.00', 'desc' => '仅接受最多两位小数的十进制字符串。'],
                             ['key' => 'user_verify_personal_free_applications', 'label' => '个人认证赠送初始次数', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 0, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 9999, 'desc' => '每位用户前 N 次个人认证申请免费，之后按单次费用扣余额。'],
-                            ['key' => 'user_verify_enterprise_fee', 'label' => '企业认证每次扣余额（元）', 'type' => 'number', 'sanitize_type' => 'float', 'default' => 0, 'min' => 0, 'step' => 0.01],
+							['key' => 'user_verify_enterprise_fee', 'label' => '企业认证每次扣余额（元）', 'type' => 'input', 'sanitize_type' => 'money_decimal', 'default' => '0.00', 'desc' => '仅接受最多两位小数的十进制字符串。'],
                             ['key' => 'user_verify_enterprise_free_applications', 'label' => '企业认证赠送初始次数', 'type' => 'number', 'default' => 0, 'min' => 0, 'max' => 9999, 'desc' => '每位用户前 N 次企业认证申请免费，之后按单次费用扣余额。'],
                             ['key' => 'user_verify_desc', 'label' => '申请介绍', 'type' => 'textarea', 'default' => '认证用户会在昵称后显示认证徽章，同时享受多种优先待遇。申请请确保信息属实。'],
                         ]],
diff --git a/src/Admin/SchemaProvider.php b/src/Admin/SchemaProvider.php
index 0ed2926b..16eaf507 100644
--- a/src/Admin/SchemaProvider.php
+++ b/src/Admin/SchemaProvider.php
@@ -170,6 +170,17 @@ class SchemaProvider {
                     $errors[] = sprintf('%s is required', $field['label'] ?? $key);
                     continue;
                 }
+				if (($field['sanitize_type'] ?? '') === 'money_decimal') {
+					try {
+						if (!is_string($value)) {
+							throw new \InvalidArgumentException('money_decimal_must_be_string');
+						}
+						\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value));
+					} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+						$errors[] = sprintf('%s must be a decimal string with at most two fractional digits', $field['label'] ?? $key);
+						continue;
+					}
+				}
 
 				$type = $field['type'] ?? 'input';
                 if (($type === 'number' || $type === 'slider') && !is_numeric($value)) {
@@ -259,13 +270,20 @@ class SchemaProvider {
             $stored = get_option('aksrt_settings', []);
             $merged = is_array($stored) ? array_merge($stored, $data) : $data;
             $count = $merged['affiliate_daily_withdrawal_count'] ?? 3;
-            $min = (float) ($merged['affiliate_min_withdrawal'] ?? 50);
-            $limit = (float) ($merged['affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit'] ?? 500);
+			$min_raw = $merged['affiliate_min_withdrawal'] ?? '50.00';
+			$limit_raw = $merged['affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit'] ?? '500.00';
             $time = (string) ($merged['affiliate_withdrawal_reset_time'] ?? '00:00');
             if (filter_var($count, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT) === false || (int) $count < 0) {
                 $errors[] = __('每日可提现次数必须是非负整数', 'aksrt');
             }
-            if ($limit < $min) {
+			try {
+				$min_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($min_raw) ? $min_raw : '')->minor();
+				$limit_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($limit_raw) ? $limit_raw : '')->minor();
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				$min_minor = 0;
+				$limit_minor = 0;
+			}
+			if ($limit_minor < $min_minor) {
                 $errors[] = __('每日提现上限不得低于最低提现金额', 'aksrt');
             }
             if (preg_match('/^(?:[01]\\d|2[0-3]):[0-5]\\d$/', $time) !== 1) {
@@ -463,6 +481,15 @@ class SchemaProvider {
                 return !empty($value);
             case 'float':
                 return (float) $value;
+			case 'money_decimal':
+				if (!is_string($value)) {
+					return '';
+				}
+				try {
+					return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value))->decimal();
+				} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+					return '';
+				}
             case 'array':
                 // 深层字符串净化，保留嵌套服务商配置（如 geetest.captcha_id）
                 if (!is_array($value)) {
diff --git a/src/Admin/UserController.php b/src/Admin/UserController.php
index 7206c0d6..65e6ccc4 100644
--- a/src/Admin/UserController.php
+++ b/src/Admin/UserController.php
@@ -108,39 +108,60 @@ class UserController extends ControllerBase {
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
         ]);
 
-        // Credits settings (admin)
-        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/credits/settings', [
+        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/assets/settings', [
             'methods'             => ['GET', 'POST'],
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_handle_credit_settings'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
         ]);
 
-        // Credits — current user balance (frontend)
-        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/credits/me', [
+        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/assets/me', [
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_get_credits_me'],
-            'permission_callback' => function () { return is_user_logged_in(); },
+            'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_asset_self_permission'],
         ]);
 
-        // Credits — user list (admin)
-        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/credits/users', [
+        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/assets/accounts', [
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_list_credit_users'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
         ]);
 
-        // Credits — adjust user balance (admin)
-        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/credits/users/(?P<id>\d+)/adjust', [
+        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/assets/accounts/(?P<id>\d+)/adjust', [
             'methods'             => 'POST',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_adjust_user_credits'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => [
+				'id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'required' => true],
+				'asset' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['points', 'balance'], 'required' => true],
+				'delta' => [
+					'required' => true,
+					'oneOf' => [
+						['type' => 'integer'],
+						['type' => 'string', 'pattern' => '^-?(?:0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
+					],
+				],
+				'remark' => ['type' => 'string', 'default' => '', 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+			],
         ]);
 
-        // Credits — transaction log (admin)
-        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/credits/log', [
+        register_rest_route(self::API_NAMESPACE, '/assets/transactions', [
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_get_credits_log'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_permission'],
+			'args' => [
+				'transaction_id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1],
+				'operation_key' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 191, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'user_id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1],
+				'actor_user_id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1],
+				'asset' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['points', 'balance']],
+				'reason' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 64, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key'],
+				'ref_type' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 32, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key'],
+				'ref_key' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 191, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'default' => 1],
+				'per_page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'maximum' => 100, 'default' => 20],
+				'date_from' => ['type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'date_to' => ['type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+			],
         ]);
 
         // Report ticket list (admin)
@@ -639,60 +660,145 @@ class UserController extends ControllerBase {
         $user_id = get_current_user_id();
         return $this->success(['data' => [
             'user_id' => $user_id,
-            'balance' => class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($user_id) : 0,
+			'points' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS),
+			'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
         ]]);
     }
 
+	public function check_asset_self_permission(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_auth_required', __('请先登录', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
+		}
+		$nonce = (string) $request->get_header('X-WP-Nonce');
+		if ($nonce === '' || !wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'wp_rest')) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_rest_nonce', __('安全验证失败，请刷新页面后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
     public function rest_list_credit_users(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
         $args = [
             'search'   => (string) $request->get_param('search'),
             'page'     => (int) $request->get_param('page'),
             'per_page' => (int) $request->get_param('per_page'),
         ];
-        $data = class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::list_users($args) : ['items' => [], 'total' => 0, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 20];
+		$asset = sanitize_key((string) $request->get_param('asset'));
+		$asset = in_array($asset, ['points', 'balance'], true) ? $asset : 'points';
+		$data = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->list_accounts($asset, $args);
+		foreach ($data['items'] as &$item) {
+			$item['asset'] = $asset;
+			$item['balance'] = $asset === 'balance'
+				? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, (int) $item['balance_minor'])->decimal()
+				: (int) $item['balance_minor'];
+			unset($item['balance_minor']);
+		}
+		unset($item);
         return $this->success(['data' => $data]);
     }
 
     public function rest_adjust_user_credits(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-            return $this->error(__('积分系统不可用', 'aksrt'), 500);
-        }
-
         $user_id = (int) $request->get_param('id');
         $params = $this->get_json_params($request);
-        $delta = (int) ($params['delta'] ?? 0);
-        $reason = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['reason'] ?? 'admin'));
-
-        if ($user_id <= 0 || $delta === 0) {
-            return $this->error(__('用户或积分变动值无效', 'aksrt'), 422);
-        }
-
-        if ($delta > 0) {
-            $result = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::add($user_id, $delta, $reason, ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id], 'Admin adjustment');
-        } else {
-            $result = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::deduct($user_id, abs($delta), $reason, ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id], 'Admin adjustment');
-        }
+		$asset = sanitize_key((string) ($params['asset'] ?? ''));
+		$raw_delta = $params['delta'] ?? null;
+		$remark = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['remark'] ?? ''));
+		if ($user_id <= 0 || !in_array($asset, ['points', 'balance'], true) || !get_userdata($user_id)) {
+			return $this->error(__('用户或资产类型无效', 'aksrt'), 400);
+		}
+		if (!current_user_can('edit_user', $user_id)) {
+			return $this->error(__('无权调整该用户资产', 'aksrt'), 403);
+		}
+		$negative = is_string($raw_delta) && str_starts_with($raw_delta, '-');
+		$unsigned = $negative ? substr($raw_delta, 1) : $raw_delta;
+		try {
+			if ($asset === 'points') {
+				if (!is_int($raw_delta) || $raw_delta === PHP_INT_MIN) throw new \InvalidArgumentException();
+				$minor = abs($raw_delta);
+				$negative = $raw_delta < 0;
+			} else {
+				if (!is_string($unsigned)) throw new \InvalidArgumentException();
+				$minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($unsigned)->minor();
+			}
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return $this->error(__('资产变动金额格式无效', 'aksrt'), 400);
+		}
+		if ($minor <= 0) return $this->error(__('资产变动金额必须非零', 'aksrt'), 400);
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'admin-adjustment', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) return new \WP_REST_Response(['success' => false, 'message' => $operation_key->get_error_message()], 400);
+		$service = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance();
+		$result = $negative
+			? $service->debit($user_id, $asset, $minor, $operation_key, 'admin_adjustment', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id], $remark, get_current_user_id())
+			: $service->credit($user_id, $asset, $minor, $operation_key, 'admin_adjustment', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id], $remark, get_current_user_id());
 
         if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-            return $this->error($result->get_error_message(), 422);
+			$status = (int) (($result->get_error_data()['status'] ?? 400));
+			return $this->error($result->get_error_message(), $status);
         }
 
         return $this->success(['data' => [
             'user_id' => $user_id,
-            'balance' => (int) $result,
-        ], 'message' => __('积分调整已保存', 'aksrt')]);
+			'asset' => $asset,
+			'balance' => $asset === 'balance'
+				? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $result->balance($user_id, $asset))->decimal()
+				: $result->balance($user_id, $asset),
+			'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+			'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+		], 'message' => __('资产调整已保存', 'aksrt')]);
     }
 
     public function rest_get_credits_log(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
         $args = [
+			'transaction_id' => (int) $request->get_param('transaction_id'),
+			'operation_key' => (string) $request->get_param('operation_key'),
             'user_id'   => (int) $request->get_param('user_id'),
+			'actor_user_id' => (int) $request->get_param('actor_user_id'),
             'reason'    => (string) $request->get_param('reason'),
+			'ref_type' => (string) $request->get_param('ref_type'),
+			'ref_key' => (string) $request->get_param('ref_key'),
             'page'      => (int) $request->get_param('page'),
             'per_page'  => (int) $request->get_param('per_page'),
             'date_from' => (string) $request->get_param('date_from'),
             'date_to'   => (string) $request->get_param('date_to'),
         ];
-        $data = class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::get_log($args) : ['items' => [], 'total' => 0, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 20];
+		$args['asset'] = sanitize_key((string) $request->get_param('asset'));
+		$data = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history($args);
+		foreach ($data['items'] as &$item) {
+			$assets = array_values(array_unique(array_map('strval', (array) ($item['assets'] ?? []))));
+			$single_asset = count($assets) === 1 ? $assets[0] : '';
+			if ($single_asset !== '') {
+				$item['delta'] = $this->asset_minor_for_response($single_asset, (int) ($item['delta_minor'] ?? 0), true);
+				$item['fee'] = $this->asset_minor_for_response($single_asset, (int) ($item['fee_minor'] ?? 0));
+				$item['balance_after'] = $this->asset_minor_for_response($single_asset, (int) ($item['balance_after_minor'] ?? 0));
+			} else {
+				$item['delta'] = null;
+				$item['fee'] = null;
+				$item['balance_after'] = null;
+			}
+			unset($item['delta_minor'], $item['fee_minor'], $item['balance_after_minor']);
+			foreach ($item['entries'] as &$entry) {
+				$entry_asset = (string) ($entry['asset'] ?? '');
+				$entry['delta'] = $this->asset_minor_for_response($entry_asset, (int) ($entry['delta_minor'] ?? 0), true);
+				$entry['balance_after'] = $this->asset_minor_for_response($entry_asset, (int) ($entry['balance_after_minor'] ?? 0));
+				unset($entry['delta_minor'], $entry['balance_after_minor']);
+			}
+			unset($entry);
+		}
+		unset($item);
         return $this->success(['data' => $data]);
     }
+
+	private function asset_minor_for_response(string $asset, int $minor, bool $signed = false) {
+		if ($asset === \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS->value) {
+			return $minor;
+		}
+		if ($asset !== \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE->value) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$negative = $minor < 0;
+		$value = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor(abs($minor));
+		if ($negative) {
+			return '-' . $value;
+		}
+		return $signed && $minor > 0 ? '+' . $value : $value;
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/Content/Download.php b/src/Content/Download.php
index 26865a92..f21915e5 100644
--- a/src/Content/Download.php
+++ b/src/Content/Download.php
@@ -124,7 +124,9 @@ class Download {
         $pay_modo = is_array($priced)
             ? ((($priced['modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0')
             : ((($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0');
-        $display_price = is_array($priced) ? (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0) : (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0);
+        $display_price = is_array($priced)
+            ? ($priced['amount'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00'))
+            : ($pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0) : (string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0.00'));
 
         $access = class_exists('AKSRT\\Content\\Visibility')
             ? Visibility::get_post_access_state($post, $uid)
@@ -135,14 +137,14 @@ class Download {
         return new \WP_REST_Response([
             'post_id'          => $post_id,
             'price'            => $display_price,
-            'base_price'       => is_array($priced) ? (float) ($priced['base'] ?? $display_price) : (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0),
+            'base_price'       => is_array($priced) ? ($priced['base'] ?? $display_price) : $display_price,
             'pay_modo'         => $pay_modo,
             'pay_limit'        => (int) ($meta['pay_limit'] ?? 0),
             'cost'             => $cost,
             'require_login'    => !empty($access['need_login']),
             'require_captcha'  => $need_captcha,
             'logged_in'        => $uid > 0,
-            'balance'          => $uid > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($uid) : 0,
+			'balance'          => $uid > 0 ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($uid, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS) : 0,
             'has_paid_access'  => !empty($access['has_paid_access']),
             'need_purchase'    => !empty($access['need_purchase']),
             'need_vip'         => !empty($access['need_vip']),
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ class Download {
             'source_type'  => $source['type'] ?? 'direct',
             'has_extract'  => $extract_code !== '',
             'extract_code' => $extract_code,
-            'balance'      => $uid > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($uid) : 0,
+			'balance'      => $uid > 0 ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($uid, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS) : 0,
         ], 200);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/Content/DownloadState.php b/src/Content/DownloadState.php
index aec6bd26..1e423034 100644
--- a/src/Content/DownloadState.php
+++ b/src/Content/DownloadState.php
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class DownloadState {
      * @return array{
      *   state:string,can_download:bool,message:string,action_label:string,
      *   action_url:string,cost:int,balance:int,login_url:string,pay_modo:string,
-     *   amount:float,need_purchase:bool,need_vip:bool,has_paid_access:bool
+     *   amount:int|string,need_purchase:bool,need_vip:bool,has_paid_access:bool
      * }
      */
     public function resolve(int $post_id): array {
@@ -72,13 +72,14 @@ class DownloadState {
         $pay_modo = is_array($priced)
             ? ((($priced['modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0')
             : '0';
-        $amount = is_array($priced) ? (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0) : 0.0;
+        $amount = is_array($priced)
+            ? ($priced['amount'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00'))
+            : ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00');
+        $amount_minor = $this->amount_minor($amount, $pay_modo);
         $cost = function_exists('aksrt_resource_download_cost')
             ? (int) aksrt_resource_download_cost($post_id)
             : 0;
-        $balance = ($user_id > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits'))
-            ? \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($user_id)
-            : 0;
+		$balance = $user_id > 0 ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS) : 0;
 
         $gate = function_exists('aksrt_can_download') ? aksrt_can_download($post_id, $user_id) : true;
         if (is_wp_error($gate)) {
@@ -130,9 +131,9 @@ class DownloadState {
             }
 
             // need_purchase / legacy insufficient credits → cashier.
-            if (in_array($code, ['aksrt_need_purchase', 'aksrt_credits_insufficient'], true)) {
+			if (in_array($code, ['aksrt_need_purchase', 'aksrt_points_insufficient'], true)) {
                 $label = $pay_modo === 'points'
-                    ? sprintf(__('购买（%s 积分）', 'aksrt'), (string) (int) ceil($amount > 0 ? $amount : $cost))
+                    ? sprintf(__('购买（%s 积分）', 'aksrt'), (string) ($amount_minor > 0 ? $amount_minor : $cost))
                     : __('去购买', 'aksrt');
                 return $this->build_result(
                     self::STATE_NEED_PURCHASE,
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ class DownloadState {
                     $login_url,
                     [
                         'pay_modo' => $pay_modo,
-                        'amount'   => $amount > 0 ? $amount : (float) $cost,
+                        'amount'   => $amount_minor > 0 ? $amount : ($pay_modo === 'points' ? $cost : '0.00'),
                         'need_purchase' => true,
                         'need_vip' => false,
                         'has_paid_access' => false,
@@ -174,8 +175,8 @@ class DownloadState {
 
         // Paid / free unlock.
         $has_paid = !empty($access['has_paid_access']);
-        if ($has_paid || $amount <= 0) {
-            $owned = $has_paid && $amount > 0;
+        if ($has_paid || $amount_minor <= 0) {
+            $owned = $has_paid && $amount_minor > 0;
             return $this->build_result(
                 $owned ? self::STATE_OWNED : self::STATE_AVAILABLE,
                 true,
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ class DownloadState {
                 $login_url,
                 [
                     'pay_modo' => $pay_modo,
-                    'amount'   => 0.0,
+                    'amount'   => $pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00',
                     'need_purchase' => false,
                     'need_vip' => false,
                     'has_paid_access' => true,
@@ -241,10 +242,24 @@ class DownloadState {
             'balance'         => $balance,
             'login_url'       => $login_url,
             'pay_modo'        => '0',
-            'amount'          => 0.0,
+            'amount'          => '0.00',
             'need_purchase'   => false,
             'need_vip'        => false,
             'has_paid_access' => false,
         ], $extra);
     }
+
+    private function amount_minor($value, string $pay_modo): int {
+        if ($pay_modo === 'points') {
+            return is_int($value) ? max(0, $value) : 0;
+        }
+        if (!is_string($value)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($value);
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Content/Pay.php b/src/Content/Pay.php
index e12ad28d..d24e634e 100644
--- a/src/Content/Pay.php
+++ b/src/Content/Pay.php
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ class Pay {
 
     public function init(): void {
         add_action('rest_api_init', [$this, 'register_routes']);
-        add_action('aksrt_order_paid', [$this, 'on_order_paid'], 15, 2);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/Content/PayHelpers.php b/src/Content/PayHelpers.php
index 6dcdd9d0..0740df01 100644
--- a/src/Content/PayHelpers.php
+++ b/src/Content/PayHelpers.php
@@ -31,34 +31,35 @@ trait PayHelpers {
         $uid = $user_id > 0 ? $user_id : get_current_user_id();
         $priced = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_pay_price')
             ? aksrt_get_user_pay_price($post, $uid)
-            : ['amount' => 0.0, 'base' => 0.0, 'modo' => '0', 'currency' => '￥', 'is_free' => true, 'pay_limit' => 0, 'vip_level' => 0, 'original' => 0.0, 'vip1' => 0.0, 'vip2' => 0.0];
+            : ['amount' => '0.00', 'base' => '0.00', 'modo' => '0', 'currency' => '￥', 'is_free' => true, 'pay_limit' => 0, 'vip_level' => 0, 'original' => '0.00', 'vip1' => '0.00', 'vip2' => '0.00'];
+
+        $pay_modo = (($priced['modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0';
 
         // Optional overbuy override for preview display.
         if ($price_type === 'download_limit_over') {
-            $over = max(0.0, (float) ($meta['download_limit_over_price'] ?? 0));
-            if ($over > 0) {
-                $priced['amount'] = $over;
-                $priced['base'] = $over;
+            $over_minor = $this->parse_asset_minor($meta['download_limit_over_price'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0'), $pay_modo);
+            if ($over_minor > 0) {
+                $priced['amount'] = $this->asset_value($over_minor, $pay_modo);
+                $priced['base'] = $this->asset_value($over_minor, $pay_modo);
                 $priced['is_free'] = false;
             }
         }
 
-        $pay_modo = (($priced['modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0';
         $pay_limit = (int) ($priced['pay_limit'] ?? 0);
         $vip_level = (int) ($priced['vip_level'] ?? 0);
-        $amount = (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0);
-        $base = (float) ($priced['base'] ?? $amount);
-        $over_price = max(0.0, (float) ($meta['download_limit_over_price'] ?? 0));
+        $amount_minor = $this->parse_asset_minor($priced['amount'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0'), $pay_modo);
+        $base_minor = $this->parse_asset_minor($priced['base'] ?? $priced['amount'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0'), $pay_modo);
+        $over_minor = $this->parse_asset_minor($meta['download_limit_over_price'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0'), $pay_modo);
 
-        $list_amount = $amount;
-        $rebate_discount = 0.0;
-        $coupon_discount = 0.0;
+        $list_minor = $amount_minor;
+        $rebate_discount_minor = 0;
+        $coupon_discount_minor = 0;
         $coupon_payload = null;
         $coupon_error = '';
         $referrer_active = false;
         $referrer_id = 0;
-        $rebate_price = 0.0;
-        $payable = $amount;
+        $rebate_price_minor = 0;
+        $payable_minor = $amount_minor;
 
         $coupon_allowed = $pay_modo !== 'points' && $this->is_coupon_allowed($post_id, $meta);
         $coupon_desc = '';
@@ -77,15 +78,15 @@ trait PayHelpers {
                 $discounted = $this->apply_cash_discounts($priced, $post, $meta, $uid, '', true);
             }
             if (!is_wp_error($discounted)) {
-                $list_amount = (float) ($discounted['list_amount'] ?? $amount);
-                $rebate_discount = (float) ($discounted['rebate_discount'] ?? 0);
-                $coupon_discount = (float) ($discounted['coupon_discount'] ?? 0);
+                $list_minor = (int) ($discounted['list_minor'] ?? $amount_minor);
+                $rebate_discount_minor = (int) ($discounted['rebate_discount_minor'] ?? 0);
+                $coupon_discount_minor = (int) ($discounted['coupon_discount_minor'] ?? 0);
                 $coupon_payload = $discounted['coupon'] ?? null;
-                $payable = (float) ($discounted['payable'] ?? $amount);
+                $payable_minor = (int) ($discounted['payable_minor'] ?? $amount_minor);
                 $referrer_id = (int) ($discounted['referrer_id'] ?? 0);
                 $referrer_active = $referrer_id > 0;
-                $rebate_price = (float) ($discounted['rebate_price'] ?? 0);
-                $amount = $payable;
+                $rebate_price_minor = (int) ($discounted['rebate_price_minor'] ?? 0);
+                $amount_minor = $payable_minor;
             }
         }
 
@@ -121,19 +122,16 @@ trait PayHelpers {
             : '￥'));
 
         // Points cashier uses Credits; cash cashier uses wallet (元). Keep both for UI.
-        $points_balance = ($uid > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits'))
-            ? (int) \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($uid)
-            : 0;
-        $wallet_balance = ($uid > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') && \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled())
-            ? (float) \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::balance($uid)
-            : 0.0;
+		$points_balance = $uid > 0 ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($uid, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS) : 0;
+		$wallet_minor = $uid > 0 ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($uid, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE) : 0;
+		$wallet_balance = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($wallet_minor);
         $balance = $pay_modo === 'points' ? $points_balance : $wallet_balance;
         $methods = $this->available_payment_methods($pay_modo, $uid > 0);
 
-        $amount_label = $this->format_amount_label($amount, $pay_modo, $currency);
-        $base_label = $this->format_amount_label($base, $pay_modo, $currency);
-        $list_label = $this->format_amount_label($list_amount, $pay_modo, $currency);
-        $over_label = $over_price > 0 ? $this->format_amount_label($over_price, $pay_modo, $currency) : '';
+        $amount_label = $this->format_amount_label($amount_minor, $pay_modo, $currency);
+        $base_label = $this->format_amount_label($base_minor, $pay_modo, $currency);
+        $list_label = $this->format_amount_label($list_minor, $pay_modo, $currency);
+        $over_label = $over_minor > 0 ? $this->format_amount_label($over_minor, $pay_modo, $currency) : '';
 
         $vip_page = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_center_tab_url')
             ? aksrt_get_user_center_tab_url('credits')
@@ -147,10 +145,10 @@ trait PayHelpers {
             ? aksrt_get_user_free_downloaded_number($uid) : 0;
         $quota_over = $free_limit > 0 && $free_used >= $free_limit;
 
-        $payable_amount = $pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ceil($payable) : round($payable, 2);
+        $payable_amount = $this->asset_value($payable_minor, $pay_modo);
         $balance_enough = $pay_modo === 'points'
-            ? ($points_balance >= (int) ceil($amount))
-            : ($wallet_balance + 0.0001 >= (float) $payable_amount);
+            ? ($points_balance >= $payable_minor)
+            : ($wallet_minor >= $payable_minor);
 
         return [
             'post_id'         => $post_id,
@@ -161,36 +159,38 @@ trait PayHelpers {
             'pay_modo'        => $pay_modo,
             'pay_limit'       => $pay_limit,
             'vip_level'       => $vip_level,
-            'amount'          => $pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ceil($amount) : round($amount, 2),
-            'base'            => $pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ceil($base) : round($base, 2),
-            'list_amount'     => $pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ceil($list_amount) : round($list_amount, 2),
+            'amount'          => $this->asset_value($amount_minor, $pay_modo),
+            'base'            => $this->asset_value($base_minor, $pay_modo),
+            'list_amount'     => $this->asset_value($list_minor, $pay_modo),
             'list_amount_label' => $list_label,
             'payable'         => $payable_amount,
-            'original'        => (float) ($priced['original'] ?? 0),
-            'vip1'            => (float) ($priced['vip1'] ?? 0),
-            'vip2'            => (float) ($priced['vip2'] ?? 0),
+            'original'        => $this->asset_value($this->parse_asset_minor($priced['original'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0'), $pay_modo), $pay_modo),
+            'vip1'            => $this->asset_value($this->parse_asset_minor($priced['vip1'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0'), $pay_modo), $pay_modo),
+            'vip2'            => $this->asset_value($this->parse_asset_minor($priced['vip2'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0'), $pay_modo), $pay_modo),
             'currency'        => $currency,
             'amount_label'    => $amount_label,
             'base_label'      => $base_label,
-            'is_free'         => !empty($priced['is_free']) || $amount <= 0,
+            'is_free'         => !empty($priced['is_free']) || $amount_minor <= 0,
             'has_paid_access' => $has_paid,
             'paid_order'      => $paid_order ? [
                 'order_number' => (string) ($paid_order['order_number'] ?? ''),
                 'paid_at'      => (string) ($paid_order['paid_at'] ?? $paid_order['created_at'] ?? ''),
-                'amount'       => (float) ($paid_order['amount'] ?? 0),
+                'amount'       => (string) ($paid_order['currency'] ?? '') === 'points'
+                    ? (int) ($paid_order['amount'] ?? 0)
+                    : (string) ($paid_order['amount'] ?? '0.00'),
                 'currency'     => (string) ($paid_order['currency'] ?? ''),
                 'payment_method' => (string) ($paid_order['payment_method'] ?? ''),
             ] : null,
             'pending_order'   => $pending_order ? [
                 'order_number' => (string) ($pending_order['order_number'] ?? ''),
-                'amount'       => (float) ($pending_order['amount'] ?? 0),
+				'amount'       => (string) ($pending_order['amount'] ?? '0.00'),
                 'payment_method' => (string) ($pending_order['payment_method'] ?? ''),
                 'created_at'   => (string) ($pending_order['created_at'] ?? ''),
             ] : null,
             'need_login'      => $uid <= 0 && !$allow_guest,
             'allow_guest'     => $allow_guest,
             'need_vip'        => $need_vip,
-            'need_purchase'   => !$has_paid && !$need_vip && $amount > 0,
+            'need_purchase'   => !$has_paid && !$need_vip && $amount_minor > 0,
             'logged_in'       => $uid > 0,
             'balance'         => $balance,
             'wallet_balance'  => $wallet_balance,
@@ -200,9 +200,9 @@ trait PayHelpers {
             'login_url'       => wp_login_url(get_permalink($post)),
             'vip_url'         => $vip_page,
             'credits_url'     => $vip_page,
-            'download_limit_over_price' => $pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ceil($over_price) : round($over_price, 2),
+            'download_limit_over_price' => $this->asset_value($over_minor, $pay_modo),
             'download_limit_over_label' => $over_label,
-            'allow_limit_over' => $over_price > 0,
+            'allow_limit_over' => $over_minor > 0,
             'quota_over'      => $quota_over,
             'free_limit'      => $free_limit,
             'free_used'       => $free_used,
@@ -211,18 +211,18 @@ trait PayHelpers {
             'coupon_code'     => $coupon_code,
             'coupon'          => $coupon_payload,
             'coupon_error'    => $coupon_error,
-            'rebate_discount' => round($rebate_discount, 2),
-            'rebate_discount_label' => $rebate_discount > 0 ? ('-' . $this->format_amount_label($rebate_discount, $pay_modo, $currency)) : '',
-            'coupon_discount' => round($coupon_discount, 2),
-            'coupon_discount_label' => $coupon_discount > 0 ? ('-' . $this->format_amount_label($coupon_discount, $pay_modo, $currency)) : '',
+            'rebate_discount' => $this->asset_value($rebate_discount_minor, $pay_modo),
+            'rebate_discount_label' => $rebate_discount_minor > 0 ? ('-' . $this->format_amount_label($rebate_discount_minor, $pay_modo, $currency)) : '',
+            'coupon_discount' => $this->asset_value($coupon_discount_minor, $pay_modo),
+            'coupon_discount_label' => $coupon_discount_minor > 0 ? ('-' . $this->format_amount_label($coupon_discount_minor, $pay_modo, $currency)) : '',
             'referrer_active' => $referrer_active,
             'discounts'       => [
-                'list_amount'     => round($list_amount, 2),
-                'rebate_discount' => round($rebate_discount, 2),
-                'coupon_discount' => round($coupon_discount, 2),
-                'total_discount'  => round(max(0, $list_amount - $payable), 2),
-                'payable'         => round($payable, 2),
-                'rebate_price'    => round($rebate_price, 2),
+                'list_amount'     => $this->asset_value($list_minor, $pay_modo),
+                'rebate_discount' => $this->asset_value($rebate_discount_minor, $pay_modo),
+                'coupon_discount' => $this->asset_value($coupon_discount_minor, $pay_modo),
+                'total_discount'  => $this->asset_value(max(0, $list_minor - $payable_minor), $pay_modo),
+                'payable'         => $this->asset_value($payable_minor, $pay_modo),
+                'rebate_price'    => $this->asset_value($rebate_price_minor, $pay_modo),
             ],
             // legacy: points_deduction runtime hard-off; card_pass not a content payment method.
             'points_deduction_allowed' => function_exists('aksrt_is_allow_points_deduction')
@@ -269,18 +269,18 @@ trait PayHelpers {
 
         $priced = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_pay_price')
             ? aksrt_get_user_pay_price($post, $user_id)
-            : ['amount' => 0.0, 'modo' => '0', 'pay_limit' => 0, 'vip_level' => 0, 'is_free' => true, 'base' => 0.0];
+            : ['amount' => '0.00', 'modo' => '0', 'pay_limit' => 0, 'vip_level' => 0, 'is_free' => true, 'base' => '0.00'];
 
         // Free daily quota overbuy: override amount, ignore VIP discount (legacy).
         if ($price_type === 'download_limit_over') {
-            $over = max(0.0, (float) ($meta['download_limit_over_price'] ?? 0));
-            if ($over <= 0) {
+            $over_minor = $this->parse_asset_minor($meta['download_limit_over_price'] ?? ($pay_modo_meta === 'points' ? 0 : '0'), $pay_modo_meta);
+            if ($over_minor <= 0) {
                 return new \WP_Error('aksrt_no_overbuy', __('未开放超额下载购买。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
             }
-            $priced['amount'] = $over;
-            $priced['base'] = $over;
+            $priced['amount'] = $this->asset_value($over_minor, $pay_modo_meta);
+            $priced['base'] = $this->asset_value($over_minor, $pay_modo_meta);
             $priced['is_free'] = false;
-            $priced['vip_amount'] = -1.0;
+            $priced['vip_amount'] = null;
         }
 
         $pay_limit = (int) ($priced['pay_limit'] ?? 0);
@@ -365,10 +365,10 @@ trait PayHelpers {
 
 
     /**
-     * @return array{id:int,ratio:float}
+     * @return array{id:int,ratio:int}
      */
     private function resolve_referrer_context(int $user_id): array {
-        $empty = ['id' => 0, 'ratio' => 0.0];
+        $empty = ['id' => 0, 'ratio' => 0];
         if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') || !method_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings', 'get_payment_affiliate_settings')) {
             return $empty;
         }
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ trait PayHelpers {
             return $empty;
         }
 
-        $ratio = (float) \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::affiliate_ratio_for_user($referrer_id);
+        $ratio = (int) \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::affiliate_ratio_for_user($referrer_id);
         if ($ratio <= 0) {
             return $empty;
         }
@@ -400,21 +400,21 @@ trait PayHelpers {
      * @return array|\WP_Error
      */
     private function apply_cash_discounts(array $priced, \WP_Post $post, array $meta, int $user_id, string $coupon_code = '', bool $soft_coupon = false) {
-        $list_amount = round(max(0.0, (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0)), 2);
-        $pay = $list_amount;
-        $rebate_discount = 0.0;
-        $coupon_discount = 0.0;
+        $list_minor = $this->parse_asset_minor($priced['amount'] ?? '0', '0');
+        $pay_minor = $list_minor;
+        $rebate_discount_minor = 0;
+        $coupon_discount_minor = 0;
         $coupon_meta = [];
 
         $ref = $this->resolve_referrer_context($user_id);
         $referrer_id = (int) ($ref['id'] ?? 0);
-        $ratio = (float) ($ref['ratio'] ?? 0);
+        $ratio = max(0, min(100, (int) ($ref['ratio'] ?? 0)));
 
         // 1) Buyer-facing 推广折扣 (fixed).
-        $fixed = max(0.0, (float) ($meta['pay_rebate_discount'] ?? 0));
-        if ($referrer_id > 0 && $ratio > 0 && $fixed > 0 && $pay > 0) {
-            $rebate_discount = round(min($pay, $fixed), 2);
-            $pay = round(max(0.0, $pay - $rebate_discount), 2);
+        $fixed_minor = $this->parse_asset_minor($meta['pay_rebate_discount'] ?? '0', '0');
+        if ($referrer_id > 0 && $ratio > 0 && $fixed_minor > 0 && $pay_minor > 0) {
+            $rebate_discount_minor = min($pay_minor, $fixed_minor);
+            $pay_minor -= $rebate_discount_minor;
         }
 
         // 2) Coupon after rebate discount.
@@ -431,11 +431,15 @@ trait PayHelpers {
                     return $err;
                 }
             } else {
-                $result = \AKSRT\Payment\Coupon::get_instance()->validate($coupon_code, $pay, [
+                $result = \AKSRT\Payment\Coupon::get_instance()->validate(
+                    $coupon_code,
+                    \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($pay_minor),
+                    [
                     'user_id'     => max(0, $user_id),
                     'product_ids' => [(int) $post->ID],
                     'context'     => 'content',
-                ]);
+                    ]
+                );
                 if (empty($result['valid'])) {
                     $err = new \WP_Error(
                         'aksrt_coupon_error',
@@ -446,47 +450,50 @@ trait PayHelpers {
                         return $err;
                     }
                 } else {
-                    $coupon_discount = round(max(0.0, (float) ($result['discount'] ?? 0)), 2);
-                    if ($coupon_discount > $pay) {
-                        $coupon_discount = $pay;
-                    }
-                    $pay = round(max(0.0, $pay - $coupon_discount), 2);
+                    $coupon_discount_minor = min($pay_minor, max(0, (int) ($result['discount_minor'] ?? 0)));
+                    $pay_minor -= $coupon_discount_minor;
                     $c = is_array($result['coupon'] ?? null) ? $result['coupon'] : [];
                     $coupon_meta = [
                         'id' => (int) ($c['id'] ?? 0),
                         'code' => (string) ($c['code'] ?? $coupon_code),
                         'type' => (string) ($c['type'] ?? ''),
-                        'value' => (float) ($c['value'] ?? 0),
-                        'discount' => $coupon_discount,
+                        'value' => $c['value'] ?? 0,
+                        'discount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($coupon_discount_minor),
                     ];
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        $payable = round(max(0.0, $pay), 2);
-        $rebate_price = 0.0;
-        if ($referrer_id > 0 && $ratio > 0 && $payable > 0) {
-            $rebate_price = round($payable * $ratio / 100, 2);
+        $payable_minor = max(0, $pay_minor);
+        $rebate_price_minor = 0;
+        if ($referrer_id > 0 && $ratio > 0 && $payable_minor > 0) {
+            $rebate_price_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::percentage($payable_minor, $ratio);
         }
 
         return [
-            'list_amount' => $list_amount,
-            'rebate_discount' => $rebate_discount,
-            'coupon_discount' => $coupon_discount,
+            'list_amount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($list_minor),
+            'list_minor' => $list_minor,
+            'rebate_discount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($rebate_discount_minor),
+            'rebate_discount_minor' => $rebate_discount_minor,
+            'coupon_discount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($coupon_discount_minor),
+            'coupon_discount_minor' => $coupon_discount_minor,
             'coupon' => $coupon_meta,
-            'payable' => $payable,
+            'payable' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($payable_minor),
+            'payable_minor' => $payable_minor,
             'referrer_id' => $referrer_id,
-            'rebate_price' => $rebate_price,
+            'rebate_price' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($rebate_price_minor),
+            'rebate_price_minor' => $rebate_price_minor,
             'ratio' => $ratio,
         ];
     }
 
 
 
-    private function format_amount_label(float $amount, string $pay_modo, string $currency): string {
-        if ($amount <= 0) {
+    private function format_amount_label(int $minor, string $pay_modo, string $currency): string {
+        if ($minor <= 0) {
             return (string) __('免费', 'aksrt');
         }
+        $amount = $this->asset_value($minor, $pay_modo);
         $n = function_exists('aksrt_format_price') ? aksrt_format_price($amount) : (string) $amount;
         if ($pay_modo === 'points') {
             return $n . ' ' . $currency;
@@ -494,4 +501,37 @@ trait PayHelpers {
         return $currency . $n;
     }
 
+    private function parse_asset_minor($value, string $pay_modo): int {
+        if ($pay_modo === 'points') {
+            if (is_int($value)) {
+                return max(0, $value);
+            }
+            if (!is_string($value) || !preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)$/', trim($value))) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            $value = trim($value);
+            if (strlen($value) > strlen((string) PHP_INT_MAX)
+                || (strlen($value) === strlen((string) PHP_INT_MAX) && strcmp($value, (string) PHP_INT_MAX) > 0)
+            ) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::points((int) $value)->minor();
+        }
+
+        if (!is_string($value)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($value);
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function asset_value(int $minor, string $pay_modo) {
+        return $pay_modo === 'points'
+            ? $minor
+            : \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($minor);
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/src/Content/PayOrders.php b/src/Content/PayOrders.php
index 00c5a201..693bbda1 100644
--- a/src/Content/PayOrders.php
+++ b/src/Content/PayOrders.php
@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ trait PayOrders {
      * @param string $order_number
      * @param array  $paid_order
      */
-    public function on_order_paid(string $order_number, array $paid_order): void {
+    public function fulfill_paid_order(string $order_number, array $paid_order) {
         $product_type = sanitize_key((string) ($paid_order['product_type'] ?? ''));
         if ($product_type !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE) {
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
         $post_id = (int) ($paid_order['product_id'] ?? 0);
         if ($post_id <= 0) {
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
         // Only count normal posts for content purchases.
         $post = get_post($post_id);
         if (!($post instanceof \WP_Post) || $post->post_type !== 'post') {
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
         if (function_exists('aksrt_bump_content_sales_volume')) {
             aksrt_bump_content_sales_volume($post_id, 1);
@@ -53,21 +53,31 @@ trait PayOrders {
         }
 
         // Consume coupon + write affiliate commission (cash content only; idempotent).
-        $this->finalize_content_order_side_effects($order_number, $paid_order);
+        $side_effects = $this->finalize_content_order_side_effects($order_number, $paid_order);
+        if (is_wp_error($side_effects)) {
+            return $side_effects;
+        }
         if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository')) {
             $completed = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->update_status(
                 $order_number,
                 \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED,
                 ['note' => __('内容权益已发放。', 'aksrt')]
             );
-            if ($completed && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\CreatorRevenue')) {
+            if (!$completed) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_content_fulfillment_failed', __('内容权益发放失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+			if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\CreatorRevenue')) {
                 $completed_order = array_merge($paid_order, [
                     'order_number' => $order_number,
                     'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED,
                 ]);
-                \AKSRT\Payment\CreatorRevenue::get_instance()->create_from_paid_order($completed_order);
-            }
+				$revenue_id = \AKSRT\Payment\CreatorRevenue::get_instance()->create_from_paid_order($completed_order);
+				if ($revenue_id < 0) {
+					return new \WP_Error('aksrt_creator_revenue_conflict', __('同一订单的收益载荷不一致。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+				}
+			}
         }
+		return true;
     }
 
 
@@ -75,25 +85,29 @@ trait PayOrders {
     /**
      * On paid: burn coupon (if any) and create affiliate rebate log.
      */
-    private function finalize_content_order_side_effects(string $order_number, array $order): void {
+    private function finalize_content_order_side_effects(string $order_number, array $order) {
         $meta = $this->decode_order_note_meta($order);
         if (empty($meta['content_pay'])) {
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
         // Points: no coupon burn / no cash commission.
         if (($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '') === 'points') {
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
 
         $buyer_id = (int) ($order['user_id'] ?? 0);
 
         // Coupon burn (shared helper; idempotent via coupon_usage.order_number).
         if (function_exists('aksrt_burn_order_coupon')) {
-            aksrt_burn_order_coupon($order_number, $meta, $buyer_id);
+            $coupon = is_array($meta['coupon'] ?? null) ? $meta['coupon'] : [];
+            $coupon_code = (string) ($coupon['code'] ?? $meta['coupon_code'] ?? '');
+            if ($coupon_code !== '' && !aksrt_burn_order_coupon($order_number, $meta, $buyer_id)) {
+                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_coupon_consume_failed', __('优惠券核销失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+            }
         }
 
-        // Affiliate commission is recorded exactly once by CommissionLedger on
-        // the canonical aksrt_order_paid event. No order-side legacy writes.
+        // Affiliate commission is written by the order transition transaction.
+        return true;
     }
 
 
@@ -121,7 +135,7 @@ trait PayOrders {
      *
      * @return array|\WP_Error
      */
-    public function create_and_pay_points(int $post_id, int $user_id, string $price_type = '') {
+    public function create_and_pay_points(int $post_id, int $user_id, string $price_type = '', string $operation_key = '') {
         $assert = $this->assert_purchasable($post_id, $user_id, $price_type);
         if (is_wp_error($assert)) {
             return $assert;
@@ -132,7 +146,7 @@ trait PayOrders {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_wrong_modo', __('该内容不支持积分支付。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
         }
 
-        $amount = (int) ceil((float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0));
+        $amount = $this->parse_asset_minor($priced['amount'] ?? 0, 'points');
         if ($amount <= 0) {
             return [
                 'success' => true,
@@ -144,13 +158,14 @@ trait PayOrders {
             ];
         }
 
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Order') || !class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
+        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Order')) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_pay_unavailable', __('支付系统不可用。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
         }
 
-        $balance = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($user_id);
+        $ledger = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance();
+        $balance = $ledger->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS);
         if ($balance < $amount) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_insufficient', __('积分不足，暂时无法支付。', 'aksrt'), [
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_points_insufficient', __('积分不足，暂时无法支付。', 'aksrt'), [
                 'status' => 402,
                 'balance' => $balance,
                 'cost' => $amount,
@@ -163,69 +178,93 @@ trait PayOrders {
             'post_id' => $post_id,
             'price_type' => $price_type,
             'vip_level' => (int) ($priced['vip_level'] ?? 0),
-            'base' => (float) ($priced['base'] ?? $amount),
+            'base' => $this->parse_asset_minor($priced['base'] ?? $amount, 'points'),
             'amount' => $amount,
         ], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 
-        $order_number = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->create([
-            'user_id' => $user_id,
-            'product_type' => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE,
-            'product_id' => $post_id,
-            'amount' => (float) $amount,
-            'currency' => 'points',
-            'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING,
-            'payment_method' => 'points',
-            'note' => is_string($note) ? $note : '',
-            'expires_at' => \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at(),
-        ]);
+		$repo = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance();
+		$existing = $operation_key !== '' ? $repo->get_by_request_key($operation_key) : null;
+		$is_new_order = !is_array($existing);
+		if (is_array($existing)) {
+			$existing_meta = $this->decode_order_note_meta($existing);
+			if ((int) ($existing['user_id'] ?? 0) !== $user_id
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing['product_type'] ?? '')) !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE
+				|| (int) ($existing['product_id'] ?? 0) !== $post_id
+				|| (string) ($existing['currency'] ?? '') !== 'points'
+				|| (int) ($existing['amount'] ?? 0) !== $amount
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing['payment_method'] ?? '')) !== 'points'
+				|| (string) ($existing_meta['price_type'] ?? '') !== $price_type
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他购买请求。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			$order_number = (string) $existing['order_number'];
+		} else {
+			$order_number = $repo->allocate_order_number();
+		}
 
         if ($order_number === '') {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
         }
+		$guard = static function () use ($is_new_order, $order_number, $user_id, $post_id, $amount) {
+			if ($is_new_order) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			global $wpdb;
+			$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('order');
+			$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT user_id, product_id, amount, currency, status FROM {$table} WHERE order_number = %s FOR UPDATE", $order_number), ARRAY_A);
+			if (!is_array($current)
+				|| (int) ($current['user_id'] ?? 0) !== $user_id
+				|| (int) ($current['product_id'] ?? 0) !== $post_id
+				|| (int) ($current['amount'] ?? 0) !== $amount
+				|| (string) ($current['currency'] ?? '') !== 'points'
+				|| !in_array((string) ($current['status'] ?? ''), [\AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_CREATED, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING], true)
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单状态或金额已变化。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
 
-        $lock = class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\PaymentAttemptLock')
-            ? \AKSRT\Payment\PaymentAttemptLock::acquire($order_number)
-            : false;
-        if ($lock === false) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_pay_locked', __('该订单正在发起支付，请稍后重试。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
-        }
-
-        try {
-            $deducted = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::deduct(
-                $user_id,
-                $amount,
-                'content_points_pay',
-                ['type' => 'post', 'id' => $post_id, 'order' => $order_number],
-                sprintf(__('积分购买《%s》', 'aksrt'), get_the_title($post_id))
-            );
-
-            if (is_wp_error($deducted) || $deducted === false) {
-                \AKSRT\Payment\Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_CANCELLED, [
-                    'note' => __('积分扣除失败，自动取消', 'aksrt'),
-                ]);
-                $msg = is_wp_error($deducted) ? $deducted->get_error_message() : __('积分扣除失败。', 'aksrt');
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_deduct_failed', $msg ?: __('积分扣除失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
-            }
-
-            $paid = \AKSRT\Payment\Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, [
+        $deducted = $ledger->debit(
+            $user_id,
+            \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS,
+            $amount,
+			$operation_key,
+            'content_points_pay',
+            ['type' => 'order', 'key' => $order_number],
+            sprintf(__('积分购买《%s》', 'aksrt'), get_the_title($post_id)),
+            $user_id,
+            ['post_id' => $post_id],
+			static function () use ($is_new_order, $repo, $order_number, $operation_key, $user_id, $post_id, $amount, $note) {
+				if ($is_new_order) {
+					$created = $repo->create([
+						'order_number' => $order_number,
+						'user_id' => $user_id,
+						'product_type' => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE,
+						'product_id' => $post_id,
+						'amount' => $amount,
+						'currency' => 'points',
+						'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING,
+						'payment_method' => 'points',
+						'note' => is_string($note) ? $note : '',
+						'expires_at' => \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at(),
+						'request_key' => $operation_key,
+					]);
+					if ($created !== $order_number) {
+						return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+					}
+				}
+                $paid = \AKSRT\Payment\Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, [
                 'payment_method' => 'points',
                 'payment_transaction_id' => 'points_' . $order_number,
                 'note' => sprintf(__('积分支付 %d 积分。', 'aksrt'), $amount),
                 'require_transition' => true,
-            ]);
-
-            if (!$paid) {
-                \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::add(
-                    $user_id,
-                    $amount,
-                    'content_points_pay_refund',
-                    ['type' => 'post', 'id' => $post_id, 'order' => $order_number],
-                    sprintf(__('购买失败退款：%s', 'aksrt'), get_the_title($post_id))
-                );
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单确认失败，已尝试退回积分。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-            }
-        } finally {
-            \AKSRT\Payment\PaymentAttemptLock::release($order_number, $lock);
+                ]);
+                return $paid ? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单确认失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			},
+			$guard
+        );
+        if (is_wp_error($deducted)) {
+            return $deducted;
         }
 
         return [
@@ -234,7 +273,9 @@ trait PayOrders {
                 'order_number' => $order_number,
                 'amount' => $amount,
                 'pay_modo' => 'points',
-                'balance' => \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($user_id),
+                'balance' => $ledger->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS),
+                'transaction_id' => $deducted->transaction_id,
+                'replayed' => $deducted->replayed,
                 'message' => __('支付成功', 'aksrt'),
                 'reload' => true,
             ],
@@ -248,7 +289,7 @@ trait PayOrders {
      *
      * @return array|\WP_Error
      */
-    public function create_cash_order(int $post_id, int $user_id, string $payment_method = 'balance', string $price_type = '', string $coupon_code = '') {
+    public function create_cash_order(int $post_id, int $user_id, string $payment_method = 'balance', string $price_type = '', string $coupon_code = '', string $operation_key = '') {
         $assert = $this->assert_purchasable($post_id, $user_id, $price_type);
         if (is_wp_error($assert)) {
             return $assert;
@@ -279,15 +320,20 @@ trait PayOrders {
             return $discounted;
         }
 
-        $amount = round((float) ($discounted['payable'] ?? 0), 2);
-        $list_amount = round((float) ($discounted['list_amount'] ?? $amount), 2);
-        $rebate_discount = round((float) ($discounted['rebate_discount'] ?? 0), 2);
-        $coupon_discount = round((float) ($discounted['coupon_discount'] ?? 0), 2);
+        $amount_minor = max(0, (int) ($discounted['payable_minor'] ?? 0));
+        $list_minor = max(0, (int) ($discounted['list_minor'] ?? $amount_minor));
+        $rebate_discount_minor = max(0, (int) ($discounted['rebate_discount_minor'] ?? 0));
+        $coupon_discount_minor = max(0, (int) ($discounted['coupon_discount_minor'] ?? 0));
+        $amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($amount_minor);
+        $list_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($list_minor);
+        $rebate_discount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($rebate_discount_minor);
+        $coupon_discount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($coupon_discount_minor);
         $coupon_meta = is_array($discounted['coupon'] ?? null) ? $discounted['coupon'] : [];
         $referrer_id = (int) ($discounted['referrer_id'] ?? 0);
-        $rebate_price = round((float) ($discounted['rebate_price'] ?? 0), 2);
+        $rebate_price_minor = max(0, (int) ($discounted['rebate_price_minor'] ?? 0));
+        $rebate_price = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($rebate_price_minor);
 
-        if ($amount <= 0) {
+        if ($amount_minor <= 0) {
             // Free after discount (or free content): create 0-paid order for access + burn coupon.
             if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Order') || !class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository')) {
                 return new \WP_Error('aksrt_pay_unavailable', __('支付系统不可用。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
@@ -298,50 +344,71 @@ trait PayOrders {
                 'post_id' => $post_id,
                 'price_type' => $price_type,
                 'vip_level' => (int) ($priced['vip_level'] ?? 0),
-                'base' => (float) ($priced['base'] ?? $list_amount),
+                'base' => $this->asset_value($this->parse_asset_minor($priced['base'] ?? $list_amount, '0'), '0'),
                 'list_amount' => $list_amount,
                 'rebate_discount' => $rebate_discount,
                 'coupon_discount' => $coupon_discount,
                 'discount' => $coupon_discount,
                 'coupon' => $coupon_meta,
                 'coupon_code' => (string) ($coupon_meta['code'] ?? $coupon_code),
-                'amount' => 0,
-                'payable' => 0,
+                'amount' => '0.00',
+                'payable' => '0.00',
                 'referrer_id' => $referrer_id,
-                'rebate_price' => 0,
+                'rebate_price' => '0.00',
                 'ip_address' => function_exists('aksrt_pay_client_ip') ? aksrt_pay_client_ip() : (string) ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ?? ''),
                 'guest' => $user_id <= 0 ? 1 : 0,
             ], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 
-            $order_number = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->create([
+			$repo = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance();
+			$existing = $operation_key !== '' ? $repo->get_by_request_key($operation_key) : null;
+			$replayed = is_array($existing);
+			if (is_array($existing)) {
+				if ((int) ($existing['user_id'] ?? 0) !== max(0, $user_id)
+					|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing['product_type'] ?? '')) !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE
+					|| (int) ($existing['product_id'] ?? 0) !== $post_id
+					|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing['payment_method'] ?? '')) !== 'free'
+					|| (string) ($existing['amount'] ?? '') !== '0.00'
+				) {
+					return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他内容请求。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+				}
+				$order_number = (string) $existing['order_number'];
+			} else {
+				$order_number = $repo->create([
                 'user_id' => max(0, $user_id),
                 'product_type' => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE,
                 'product_id' => $post_id,
-                'amount' => 0.0,
+				'amount' => '0.00',
                 'currency' => 'CNY',
                 'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING,
                 'payment_method' => 'free',
                 'note' => is_string($note) ? $note : '',
                 'expires_at' => \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at(),
-            ]);
+				'request_key' => $operation_key,
+				]);
+			}
             if ($order_number === '') {
                 return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
             }
-            $paid = \AKSRT\Payment\Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, [
-                'payment_method' => 'free',
-                'payment_transaction_id' => 'free_' . $order_number,
-                'note' => __('优惠后无需支付。', 'aksrt'),
-            ]);
-            if (!$paid) {
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单确认失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-            }
+			$status = is_array($existing) ? (string) ($existing['status'] ?? '') : '';
+			if (!in_array($status, [\AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_DELIVERED, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED], true)) {
+				$paid = \AKSRT\Payment\Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, [
+					'payment_method' => 'free',
+					'payment_transaction_id' => 'free_' . $order_number,
+					'note' => __('优惠后无需支付。', 'aksrt'),
+				]);
+				if (!$paid) {
+					return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单确认失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+				}
+			}
             return [
                 'success' => true,
                 'data' => [
                     'order_number' => $order_number,
-                    'amount' => 0,
+                    'amount' => '0.00',
                     'pay_modo' => '0',
                     'free' => true,
+					'transaction_id' => 'free_' . $order_number,
+					'replayed' => $replayed,
                     'message' => __('无需支付，已可访问。', 'aksrt'),
                     'reload' => true,
                 ],
@@ -358,21 +425,31 @@ trait PayOrders {
         if ($user_id <= 0 && in_array($payment_method, ['balance', 'points'], true)) {
             $payment_method = 'alipay';
         }
+		$amount_decimal = $amount;
 
         $coupon_code_norm = (string) ($coupon_meta['code'] ?? $coupon_code);
 
-        // Resume existing pending content order for this post when amount + coupon match (logged-in only).
-        $pending = $user_id > 0 ? $this->find_pending_content_order($user_id, $post_id) : null;
+		// A retry resolves only through its request key; a new operation never reuses another pending order.
+		$pending = $operation_key !== '' ? \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->get_by_request_key($operation_key) : null;
         $can_resume = false;
-        if ($pending && abs((float) ($pending['amount'] ?? 0) - $amount) < 0.001) {
+		if (is_array($pending)) {
             $pending_meta = $this->decode_order_note_meta($pending);
             $pending_coupon = (string) ($pending_meta['coupon_code'] ?? '');
             if (is_array($pending_meta['coupon'] ?? null)) {
                 $pending_coupon = (string) ($pending_meta['coupon']['code'] ?? $pending_coupon);
             }
-            if ($pending_coupon === $coupon_code_norm) {
-                $can_resume = true;
-            }
+			$can_resume = (int) ($pending['user_id'] ?? 0) === max(0, $user_id)
+				&& sanitize_key((string) ($pending['product_type'] ?? '')) === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE
+				&& (int) ($pending['product_id'] ?? 0) === $post_id
+				&& (string) ($pending['amount'] ?? '') === $amount_decimal
+				&& strtoupper((string) ($pending['currency'] ?? '')) === 'CNY'
+				&& sanitize_key((string) ($pending['payment_method'] ?? '')) === $payment_method
+				&& (string) ($pending_meta['price_type'] ?? '') === $price_type
+				&& (int) ($pending_meta['post_id'] ?? 0) === $post_id
+				&& $pending_coupon === $coupon_code_norm;
+			if (!$can_resume) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他内容购买请求。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
         }
         if ($can_resume) {
             $order_number = (string) ($pending['order_number'] ?? '');
@@ -384,15 +461,15 @@ trait PayOrders {
                 'post_id' => $post_id,
                 'price_type' => $price_type,
                 'vip_level' => (int) ($priced['vip_level'] ?? 0),
-                'base' => (float) ($priced['base'] ?? $list_amount),
+                'base' => $this->asset_value($this->parse_asset_minor($priced['base'] ?? $list_amount, '0'), '0'),
                 'list_amount' => $list_amount,
                 'rebate_discount' => $rebate_discount,
                 'coupon_discount' => $coupon_discount,
                 'discount' => $coupon_discount,
                 'coupon' => $coupon_meta,
                 'coupon_code' => $coupon_code_norm,
-                'amount' => $amount,
-                'payable' => $amount,
+				'amount' => $amount_decimal,
+				'payable' => $amount_decimal,
                 'referrer_id' => $referrer_id,
                 'rebate_price' => $rebate_price,
                 'ip_address' => function_exists('aksrt_pay_client_ip') ? aksrt_pay_client_ip() : (string) ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ?? ''),
@@ -403,12 +480,13 @@ trait PayOrders {
                 'user_id' => max(0, $user_id),
                 'product_type' => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE,
                 'product_id' => $post_id,
-                'amount' => $amount,
+				'amount' => $amount_decimal,
                 'currency' => 'CNY',
                 'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING,
                 'payment_method' => $payment_method,
                 'note' => is_string($note) ? $note : '',
                 'expires_at' => \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at(),
+				'request_key' => $operation_key,
             ]);
 
             if ($order_number === '') {
@@ -425,6 +503,23 @@ trait PayOrders {
         if ($payment_method === '') {
             $payment_method = $user_id > 0 ? 'balance' : 'alipay';
         }
+		if ($can_resume && in_array((string) ($order['status'] ?? ''), [\AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_DELIVERED, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED], true)) {
+			$ledger_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('order-payment', [$order_number]);
+			$history = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['operation_key' => $ledger_key, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 1]);
+			return [
+				'success' => true,
+				'data' => [
+					'order_number' => $order_number,
+					'amount' => $amount_decimal,
+					'pay_modo' => '0',
+					'transaction_id' => (int) ($history['items'][0]['id'] ?? 0),
+					'replayed' => true,
+					'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
+					'message' => __('支付成功', 'aksrt'),
+					'reload' => true,
+				],
+			];
+		}
 
         $order['subject'] = sprintf(
             /* translators: %s: post title */
@@ -433,7 +528,7 @@ trait PayOrders {
         );
         $order['payment_method'] = $payment_method;
         // Ensure gateway uses discounted amount.
-        $order['amount'] = $amount;
+		$order['amount'] = $amount_decimal;
 
         if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Gateway')) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_pay_unavailable', __('支付网关不可用。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
@@ -455,7 +550,7 @@ trait PayOrders {
             return new \WP_Error(
                 (string) ($payment_result['code'] ?? 'aksrt_pay_failed'),
                 (string) ($payment_result['message'] ?? __('支付失败。', 'aksrt')),
-                ['status' => 402, 'order_number' => $order_number]
+                ['status' => (int) ($payment_result['status'] ?? 400), 'order_number' => $order_number]
             );
         }
 
@@ -467,11 +562,13 @@ trait PayOrders {
                     'payment_url' => (string) ($payment_result['payment_url'] ?? ''),
                     'qr_content' => (string) ($payment_result['qr_content'] ?? ''),
                     'order_number' => $order_number,
-                    'amount' => $amount,
+					'amount' => $amount_decimal,
                     'pay_modo' => '0',
                     'message' => $payment_result['message'],
                     'reload' => false,
                     'poll' => true,
+					'transaction_id' => 0,
+					'replayed' => false,
                 ],
             ];
         }
@@ -480,8 +577,11 @@ trait PayOrders {
             'success' => true,
             'data' => [
                 'order_number' => $order_number,
-                'amount' => $amount,
+				'amount' => $amount_decimal,
                 'pay_modo' => '0',
+				'transaction_id' => (int) ($payment_result['ledger_transaction_id'] ?? 0),
+				'replayed' => !empty($payment_result['replayed']),
+				'balance' => $user_id > 0 ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id) : '0.00',
                 'message' => $payment_result['message'],
                 'reload' => true,
             ],
diff --git a/src/Content/PayRest.php b/src/Content/PayRest.php
index 68aa6a49..01bbad58 100644
--- a/src/Content/PayRest.php
+++ b/src/Content/PayRest.php
@@ -17,11 +17,23 @@ trait PayRest {
                 'methods'             => 'GET',
                 'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_preview'],
                 'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_rest_nonce'],
+				'args' => [
+					'id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'required' => true, 'minimum' => 1],
+					'price_type' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['', 'download_limit_over']],
+					'coupon_code' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 64, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				],
             ],
             [
                 'methods'             => 'POST',
                 'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_purchase'],
                 'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_rest_nonce'],
+				'args' => [
+					'id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'required' => true, 'minimum' => 1],
+					'mode' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['points', 'cash']],
+					'payment_method' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 32, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key'],
+					'price_type' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['', 'download_limit_over']],
+					'coupon_code' => ['type' => 'string', 'maxLength' => 64, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				],
             ],
         ]);
 
@@ -29,6 +41,15 @@ trait PayRest {
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_order_status'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_rest_nonce'],
+			'args' => [
+				'order_number' => [
+					'type' => 'string',
+					'required' => true,
+					'pattern' => '^[A-Za-z0-9_-]+$',
+					'maxLength' => 64,
+					'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field',
+				],
+			],
         ]);
     }
 
@@ -60,7 +81,7 @@ trait PayRest {
     public function rest_preview(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
         $post_id = (int) $request['id'];
         $uid = get_current_user_id();
-        $coupon_code = sanitize_text_field((string) ($request->get_param('coupon_code') ?? $request->get_param('coupon') ?? ''));
+		$coupon_code = sanitize_text_field((string) $request->get_param('coupon_code'));
         $price_type = sanitize_key((string) ($request->get_param('price_type') ?? ''));
         if ($price_type !== 'download_limit_over') {
             $price_type = '';
@@ -81,6 +102,10 @@ trait PayRest {
     public function rest_purchase(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
         $post_id = (int) $request['id'];
         $uid = get_current_user_id();
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'content-purchase', $uid);
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $operation_key;
+		}
 
         $params = $request->get_json_params();
         if (!is_array($params)) {
@@ -91,7 +116,7 @@ trait PayRest {
         if ($price_type !== 'download_limit_over') {
             $price_type = '';
         }
-        $coupon_code = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['coupon_code'] ?? $params['coupon'] ?? ''));
+		$coupon_code = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['coupon_code'] ?? ''));
 
         // Guest allowed only for cash + pay_limit=0 + setting on.
         if ($uid <= 0) {
@@ -121,8 +146,8 @@ trait PayRest {
             if ($uid <= 0) {
                 return new \WP_Error('aksrt_need_login', __('积分支付请先登录。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
             }
-            // Points path: ignore coupon (legacy parity).
-            return $this->rest_wrap_result($this->create_and_pay_points($post_id, $uid, $price_type));
+			// Point purchases do not support coupons.
+            return $this->rest_wrap_result($this->create_and_pay_points($post_id, $uid, $price_type, $operation_key));
         }
 
         $payment_method = sanitize_key((string) ($params['payment_method'] ?? 'balance'));
@@ -133,7 +158,7 @@ trait PayRest {
         if ($uid <= 0 && in_array($payment_method, ['balance', 'points'], true)) {
             $payment_method = 'alipay';
         }
-        return $this->rest_wrap_result($this->create_cash_order($post_id, $uid, $payment_method, $price_type, $coupon_code));
+        return $this->rest_wrap_result($this->create_cash_order($post_id, $uid, $payment_method, $price_type, $coupon_code, $operation_key));
     }
 
 
@@ -177,7 +202,7 @@ trait PayRest {
             'order_number' => $order_number,
             'status' => $status,
             'paid' => $paid,
-            'amount' => (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0),
+			'amount' => (string) ($order['amount'] ?? '0.00'),
             'currency' => (string) ($order['currency'] ?? ''),
             'product_id' => (int) ($order['product_id'] ?? 0),
             'product_type' => (string) ($order['product_type'] ?? ''),
diff --git a/src/Content/VipService.php b/src/Content/VipService.php
index e80385c4..0e86fc3a 100644
--- a/src/Content/VipService.php
+++ b/src/Content/VipService.php
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ class VipService {
 
     public function init(): void {
         add_action('rest_api_init', [$this, 'register_routes']);
-        add_action('aksrt_order_paid', [$this, 'on_order_paid'], 20, 2);
         if (class_exists(VipMembershipExpiry::class)) {
             VipMembershipExpiry::init();
         }
diff --git a/src/Content/VipServicePackages.php b/src/Content/VipServicePackages.php
index 6ab75ceb..69db7558 100644
--- a/src/Content/VipServicePackages.php
+++ b/src/Content/VipServicePackages.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
      * Preferred: price|show_price|time|unit|tag|title
      * Legacy:    price|days|title
      *
-     * @return array<int, array{price:float,show_price:float,time:int,unit:string,tag:string,tag_class:string,title:string,days:int}>
+     * @return array<int, array{price:string,show_price:string,time:int,unit:string,tag:string,tag_class:string,title:string,days:int}>
      */
     public function parse_level_products(string $raw): array {
         $lines = preg_split('/\r\n|\r|\n/', $raw) ?: [];
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
                 continue;
             }
             $parts = array_map('trim', explode('|', $line));
-            $price = isset($parts[0]) ? (float) $parts[0] : 0.0;
-            if ($price <= 0) {
+            $price_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($parts[0] ?? '');
+            if ($price_minor <= 0) {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
             // Or: price|show_price|time|unit|title (5)
             if ($n >= 4 && (in_array(strtolower((string) ($parts[3] ?? '')), ['day', 'month', 'd', 'm'], true)
                 || (isset($parts[3]) && $parts[3] !== '' && !is_numeric($parts[3])))) {
-                $show_price = isset($parts[1]) ? (float) $parts[1] : 0.0;
+                $show_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($parts[1] ?? '0');
                 $time = isset($parts[2]) ? (int) $parts[2] : 0;
                 $unit_raw = strtolower((string) ($parts[3] ?? 'month'));
                 $unit = ($unit_raw === 'day' || $unit_raw === 'd') ? 'day' : 'month';
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
                 }
             } else {
                 // Legacy: price|days|title
-                $show_price = 0.0;
+                $show_minor = 0;
                 $days_legacy = isset($parts[1]) ? (int) $parts[1] : 0;
                 $time = $days_legacy;
                 $unit = 'day';
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
             }
 
             $out[] = [
-                'price'      => round($price, 2),
-                'show_price' => max(0.0, round($show_price, 2)),
+                'price'      => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($price_minor),
+                'show_price' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($show_minor),
                 'time'       => $time,
                 'unit'       => $unit,
                 'tag'        => $tag,
@@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
     /**
      * @deprecated Use parse_level_products — kept as thin adapter for upgrade fixed lines.
      *
-     * @return array<int, array{price:float,days:int,title:string}>
+     * @return array<int, array{price:string,days:int,title:string}>
      */
     public function parse_packages(string $raw): array {
         $parsed = $this->parse_level_products($raw);
         $out = [];
         foreach ($parsed as $p) {
             $out[] = [
-                'price' => (float) $p['price'],
+                'price' => (string) $p['price'],
                 'days'  => (int) $p['days'],
                 'title' => (string) $p['title'],
             ];
@@ -161,12 +161,16 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
                 if ($is_permanent || $expires <= time() || $has_unit) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                $daily = isset($parts[1]) ? (float) $parts[1] : 0.0;
-                if ($daily <= 0) {
+                $daily_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($parts[1] ?? '');
+                if ($daily_minor <= 0) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 $remaining = (int) ceil(max(1, ($expires - time()) / DAY_IN_SECONDS));
-                $price = round(max(0.01, $remaining * $daily), 2);
+                if ($daily_minor > intdiv(PHP_INT_MAX, $remaining)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                $price_minor = $remaining * $daily_minor;
+                $price = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($price_minor);
                 $title = sanitize_text_field((string) ($parts[2] ?? ''));
                 if ($title === '') {
                     $title = sprintf(__('按剩余 %d 天升级', 'aksrt'), $remaining);
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
                     'action'             => 'upgrade',
                     'price'              => $price,
                     'base_price'         => $price,
-                    'show_price'         => 0.0,
+                    'show_price'         => '0.00',
                     'discount_tag'       => __('剩余天数', 'aksrt'),
                     'days'               => $remaining,
                     'title'              => $title,
@@ -198,28 +202,30 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
                 if ($is_permanent || $has_jump) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                $price = isset($parts[1]) ? (float) $parts[1] : 0.0;
-                if ($price <= 0) {
+                $price_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($parts[1] ?? '');
+                if ($price_minor <= 0) {
                     continue;
                 }
+                $price = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($price_minor);
                 $title = sanitize_text_field((string) ($parts[2] ?? ''));
                 if ($title === '') {
                     $title = __('升级为永久会员', 'aksrt');
                 }
-                $show = isset($parts[3]) ? (float) $parts[3] : 0.0;
+                $show_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($parts[3] ?? '0');
+                $show = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($show_minor);
                 $items[] = [
                     'package_id'         => $this->encode_package_id(2, 903),
                     'level'              => 2,
                     'index'              => 903,
                     'action'             => 'upgrade',
-                    'price'              => round($price, 2),
-                    'base_price'         => round($price, 2),
-                    'show_price'         => max(0.0, $show),
+                    'price'              => $price,
+                    'base_price'         => $price,
+                    'show_price'         => $show,
                     'discount_tag'       => __('永久升级', 'aksrt'),
                     'days'               => 0,
                     'title'              => $title,
                     'price_label'        => $this->format_cash_label($price),
-                    'show_price_label'   => $show > 0 ? $this->format_cash_label($show) : '',
+                    'show_price_label'   => $show_minor > 0 ? $this->format_cash_label($show) : '',
                     'days_label'         => __('永久', 'aksrt'),
                     'cta_label'          => __('立即升级', 'aksrt'),
                     'is_upgrade_product' => true,
@@ -234,28 +240,30 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
                 if ($has_permanent) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                $price = isset($parts[1]) ? (float) $parts[1] : 0.0;
-                if ($price <= 0) {
+                $price_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($parts[1] ?? '');
+                if ($price_minor <= 0) {
                     continue;
                 }
+                $price = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($price_minor);
                 $title = sanitize_text_field((string) ($parts[2] ?? ''));
                 if ($title === '') {
                     $title = __('永久会员升级', 'aksrt');
                 }
-                $show = isset($parts[3]) ? (float) $parts[3] : 0.0;
+                $show_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($parts[3] ?? '0');
+                $show = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($show_minor);
                 $items[] = [
                     'package_id'         => $this->encode_package_id(2, 901),
                     'level'              => 2,
                     'index'              => 901,
                     'action'             => 'upgrade',
-                    'price'              => round($price, 2),
-                    'base_price'         => round($price, 2),
-                    'show_price'         => max(0.0, $show),
+                    'price'              => $price,
+                    'base_price'         => $price,
+                    'show_price'         => $show,
                     'discount_tag'       => __('升级专享', 'aksrt'),
                     'days'               => 0,
                     'title'              => $title,
                     'price_label'        => $this->format_cash_label($price),
-                    'show_price_label'   => $show > 0 ? $this->format_cash_label($show) : '',
+                    'show_price_label'   => $show_minor > 0 ? $this->format_cash_label($show) : '',
                     'days_label'         => __('永久', 'aksrt'),
                     'cta_label'          => __('立即升级', 'aksrt'),
                     'is_upgrade_product' => true,
@@ -280,13 +288,13 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
                 'level'              => 2,
                 'index'              => 901,
                 'action'             => 'upgrade',
-                'price'              => (float) $pkg['price'],
-                'base_price'         => (float) $pkg['price'],
-                'show_price'         => 0.0,
+                'price'              => (string) $pkg['price'],
+                'base_price'         => (string) $pkg['price'],
+                'show_price'         => '0.00',
                 'discount_tag'       => __('升级专享', 'aksrt'),
                 'days'               => (int) $pkg['days'],
                 'title'              => (string) $pkg['title'],
-                'price_label'        => $this->format_cash_label((float) $pkg['price']),
+                'price_label'        => $this->format_cash_label((string) $pkg['price']),
                 'show_price_label'   => '',
                 'days_label'         => ((int) $pkg['days'] <= 0)
                     ? __('永久', 'aksrt')
@@ -399,10 +407,10 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
      *
      * @param array<string,mixed> $renew
      * @param array<string,mixed> $upgrade
-     * @return array{price:float,show_price:float,tag:string}|null
+     * @return array{price:string,show_price:string,tag:string}|null
      */
     private function apply_action_price(
-        float $base_price,
+        string $base_price,
         string $action,
         array $renew,
         array $upgrade,
@@ -412,7 +420,8 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
         bool $is_permanent,
         int $days
     ): ?array {
-        if ($base_price <= 0) {
+        $base_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($base_price);
+        if ($base_minor <= 0) {
             return null;
         }
 
@@ -422,57 +431,59 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
 
         if ($action !== 'renew') {
             return [
-                'price' => round($base_price, 2),
-                'show_price' => 0.0,
+                'price' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($base_minor),
+                'show_price' => '0.00',
                 'tag' => '',
             ];
         }
 
         $type = sanitize_key((string) ($renew['price_type'] ?? 'discount'));
-        $price = $base_price;
-        $show = $base_price;
+        $price_minor = $base_minor;
+        $show_minor = $base_minor;
         $tag = '';
 
         if ($type === 'discount') {
-            $discount = (float) ($renew['discount'] ?? 8);
+            $discount = (int) ($renew['discount'] ?? 8);
             if ($discount <= 0) {
                 $discount = 8;
             }
             if ($discount <= 10) {
-                $price = round($base_price * ($discount / 10), 2);
+                $percent = $discount * 10;
+                $price_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::percentage($base_minor, $percent);
                 $tag = sprintf(
                     /* translators: %s: discount like 8 */
                     __('%s折续费', 'aksrt'),
-                    rtrim(rtrim(number_format($discount, 1, '.', ''), '0'), '.')
+                    (string) $discount
                 );
             } else {
-                $price = round($base_price * (min(100, $discount) / 100), 2);
+                $percent = min(100, $discount);
+                $price_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::percentage($base_minor, $percent);
                 $tag = sprintf(__('%s%% 续费价', 'aksrt'), (string) (int) $discount);
             }
         } elseif ($type === 'reduce') {
-            $reduce = max(0, (float) ($renew['reduce'] ?? 20));
-            $price = round(max(0.01, $base_price - $reduce), 2);
+            $reduce_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($renew['reduce'] ?? '20');
+            $price_minor = max(1, $base_minor - $reduce_minor);
             $tag = sprintf(
                 /* translators: %s: amount */
                 __('续费立减%s', 'aksrt'),
-                $this->format_cash_label($reduce)
+                $this->format_cash_label(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($reduce_minor))
             );
         } else {
-            $show = 0.0;
+            $show_minor = 0;
             $tag = __('续费同价', 'aksrt');
         }
 
-        if ($price < 0.01) {
-            $price = 0.01;
+        if ($price_minor < 1) {
+            $price_minor = 1;
         }
-        if ($show > 0 && $price >= $show) {
-            $show = 0.0;
+        if ($show_minor > 0 && $price_minor >= $show_minor) {
+            $show_minor = 0;
             $tag = __('续费', 'aksrt');
         }
 
         return [
-            'price' => $price,
-            'show_price' => $show > $price ? $show : 0.0,
+            'price' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($price_minor),
+            'show_price' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($show_minor > $price_minor ? $show_minor : 0),
             'tag' => $tag,
         ];
     }
@@ -532,7 +543,7 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
 
 
 
-    private function format_cash_label(float $amount): string {
+    private function format_cash_label(string $amount): string {
         $symbol = '￥';
         if (method_exists($this, 'get_paid_display_context')) {
             $paid = $this->get_paid_display_context();
@@ -545,6 +556,17 @@ trait VipServicePackages {
         return $symbol . $n;
     }
 
+    private function parse_vip_money_minor($value): int {
+        if (!is_string($value)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($value);
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
 
 
     private function format_expires_label(int $expires, int $level): string {
diff --git a/src/Content/VipServicePurchase.php b/src/Content/VipServicePurchase.php
index 387223e4..c04370c7 100644
--- a/src/Content/VipServicePurchase.php
+++ b/src/Content/VipServicePurchase.php
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
                 ? $this->parse_level_products((string) ($levels[$lv]['products_raw'] ?? ''))
                 : [];
             foreach ($packages as $idx => $pkg) {
-                $base_price = (float) $pkg['price'];
+                $base_price = (string) $pkg['price'];
                 $days = (int) $pkg['days'];
                 $action = 'pay';
                 if ($level > 0 && $lv === $level) {
@@ -157,9 +157,11 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                $show_price = (float) ($priced['show_price'] ?? 0);
-                if ($show_price <= 0 && !empty($pkg['show_price']) && $action === 'pay') {
-                    $show_price = (float) $pkg['show_price'];
+                $show_price = (string) ($priced['show_price'] ?? '0.00');
+                $show_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($show_price);
+                if ($show_minor <= 0 && $this->parse_vip_money_minor($pkg['show_price'] ?? '0') > 0 && $action === 'pay') {
+                    $show_price = (string) $pkg['show_price'];
+                    $show_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($show_price);
                 }
                 $discount_tag = (string) ($priced['tag'] ?? '');
                 if ($discount_tag === '' && $action === 'pay' && !empty($pkg['tag'])) {
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
                     'level'            => $lv,
                     'index'            => $idx + 1,
                     'action'           => $action,
-                    'price'            => (float) $priced['price'],
+                    'price'            => (string) $priced['price'],
                     'base_price'       => $base_price,
                     'show_price'       => $show_price,
                     'discount_tag'     => $discount_tag,
@@ -186,8 +188,8 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
                     'time'             => (int) ($pkg['time'] ?? 0),
                     'unit'             => (string) ($pkg['unit'] ?? 'day'),
                     'title'            => (string) $pkg['title'],
-                    'price_label'      => $this->format_cash_label((float) $priced['price']),
-                    'show_price_label' => $show_price > 0
+                    'price_label'      => $this->format_cash_label((string) $priced['price']),
+                    'show_price_label' => $show_minor > 0
                         ? $this->format_cash_label($show_price)
                         : '',
                     'days_label'       => $days_label,
@@ -230,12 +232,8 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
             }
         }
 
-        $points_balance = ($user_id > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits'))
-            ? (int) \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($user_id)
-            : 0;
-        $wallet_balance = ($user_id > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') && \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled())
-            ? (float) \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::balance($user_id)
-            : 0.0;
+		$points_balance = $user_id > 0 ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS) : 0;
+		$wallet_balance = $user_id > 0 ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id) : '0.00';
         $methods = $this->available_payment_methods();
         $currency_name = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_currency_name() : __('积分', 'aksrt');
 
@@ -304,7 +302,7 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
     /**
      * @return array|\WP_Error
      */
-    public function purchase(int $user_id, int $package_id, string $payment_method = 'balance') {
+    public function purchase(int $user_id, int $package_id, string $payment_method = 'balance', string $operation_key = '') {
         if ($user_id <= 0) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_need_login', __('请先登录后再开通会员。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
         }
@@ -322,8 +320,9 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
         $level = (int) ($pkg['level'] ?? 0);
         $index = (int) ($pkg['index'] ?? 0);
         $action = sanitize_key((string) ($pkg['action'] ?? 'pay'));
-        $amount = round((float) ($pkg['price'] ?? 0), 2);
-        $base_price = (float) ($pkg['base_price'] ?? $amount);
+        $amount = is_string($pkg['price'] ?? null) ? (string) $pkg['price'] : '';
+        $amount_minor = $this->parse_vip_money_minor($amount);
+        $base_price = is_string($pkg['base_price'] ?? null) ? (string) $pkg['base_price'] : $amount;
         $days = (int) ($pkg['days'] ?? 0);
         $pkg_time = array_key_exists('time', $pkg) ? (int) $pkg['time'] : $days;
         $pkg_unit = sanitize_key((string) ($pkg['unit'] ?? 'day'));
@@ -341,9 +340,10 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_invalid_package', __('套餐无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
         }
 
-        if ($amount <= 0) {
+        if ($amount_minor <= 0) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_invalid_price', __('套餐价格无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
         }
+		$amount_decimal = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($amount_minor);
 
         if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Order') || !class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository')) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_pay_unavailable', __('支付系统不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
@@ -370,21 +370,63 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
         ], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 
         $expires_at = \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at();
-        $order_number = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->create([
+		$repo = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance();
+		$existing = $operation_key !== '' ? $repo->get_by_request_key($operation_key) : null;
+		$is_new_order = !is_array($existing);
+		if (is_array($existing)) {
+			$existing_meta = json_decode((string) ($existing['note'] ?? ''), true);
+			$existing_meta = is_array($existing_meta) ? $existing_meta : [];
+			if ((int) ($existing['user_id'] ?? 0) !== $user_id
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing['product_type'] ?? '')) !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP
+				|| (int) ($existing['product_id'] ?? 0) !== $package_id
+				|| (string) ($existing['amount'] ?? '') !== $amount_decimal
+				|| strtoupper((string) ($existing['currency'] ?? '')) !== 'CNY'
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing['payment_method'] ?? '')) !== $payment_method
+				|| (int) ($existing_meta['level'] ?? 0) !== $level
+				|| (int) ($existing_meta['days'] ?? 0) !== $days
+				|| (int) ($existing_meta['time'] ?? 0) !== $pkg_time
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing_meta['unit'] ?? '')) !== $pkg_unit
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing_meta['action'] ?? '')) !== $action
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他会员购买请求', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			$order_number = (string) $existing['order_number'];
+		} else {
+			$order_number = $repo->create([
             'user_id' => $user_id,
             'product_type' => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP,
             'product_id' => $package_id,
-            'amount' => $amount,
+			'amount' => $amount_decimal,
             'currency' => 'CNY',
             'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING,
             'payment_method' => $payment_method,
             'note' => is_string($note) ? $note : '',
             'expires_at' => $expires_at,
-        ]);
+				'request_key' => $operation_key,
+			]);
+		}
         if ($order_number === '') {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
         }
-
+		if (is_array($existing) && in_array((string) ($existing['status'] ?? ''), [\AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_DELIVERED, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED], true)) {
+			$ledger_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('order-payment', [$order_number]);
+			$history = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['operation_key' => $ledger_key, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 1]);
+			return [
+				'success' => true,
+				'data' => [
+					'order_number' => $order_number,
+					'amount' => $amount_decimal,
+					'level' => $level,
+					'days' => $days,
+					'action' => $action,
+					'transaction_id' => (int) ($history['items'][0]['id'] ?? 0),
+					'replayed' => true,
+					'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
+					'message' => __('会员购买已完成', 'aksrt'),
+					'reload' => true,
+				],
+			];
+		}
         // Build the request-local order context from the same server-derived
         // package used for validation. PaymentOrchestrator still reloads the
         // persisted row under its attempt lock before touching the gateway.
@@ -395,7 +437,7 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
             'user_id' => $user_id,
             'product_type' => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP,
             'product_id' => $package_id,
-            'amount' => $amount,
+			'amount' => $amount_decimal,
             'currency' => 'CNY',
             'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING,
             'payment_method' => $payment_method,
@@ -430,7 +472,7 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
             return new \WP_Error(
                 (string) ($payment_result['code'] ?? 'aksrt_pay_failed'),
                 (string) ($payment_result['message'] ?? __('支付失败', 'aksrt')),
-                ['status' => 402, 'order_number' => $order_number]
+                ['status' => (int) ($payment_result['status'] ?? 400), 'order_number' => $order_number]
             );
         }
 
@@ -442,10 +484,12 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
                     'payment_url' => (string) ($payment_result['payment_url'] ?? ''),
                     'qr_content' => (string) ($payment_result['qr_content'] ?? ''),
                     'order_number' => $order_number,
-                    'amount' => $amount,
+					'amount' => $amount_decimal,
                     'message' => $payment_result['message'],
                     'reload' => false,
                     'poll' => true,
+					'transaction_id' => 0,
+					'replayed' => false,
                 ],
             ];
         }
@@ -454,10 +498,13 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
             'success' => true,
             'data' => [
                 'order_number' => $order_number,
-                'amount' => $amount,
+				'amount' => $amount_decimal,
                 'level' => $level,
                 'days' => $days,
                 'action' => $action,
+				'transaction_id' => (int) ($payment_result['ledger_transaction_id'] ?? 0),
+				'replayed' => !empty($payment_result['replayed']),
+				'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
                 'message' => $action === 'renew'
                     ? __('会员续费成功', 'aksrt')
                     : ($action === 'upgrade' ? __('会员升级成功', 'aksrt') : __('会员开通成功', 'aksrt')),
@@ -474,16 +521,16 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
      * @param string $order_number
      * @param array  $paid_order
      */
-    public function on_order_paid(string $order_number, array $paid_order): void {
+    public function fulfill_paid_order(string $order_number, array $paid_order) {
         if (sanitize_key((string) ($paid_order['product_type'] ?? '')) !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP) {
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
         if (sanitize_key((string) ($paid_order['payment_method'] ?? '')) === 'card_pass') {
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
         $user_id = (int) ($paid_order['user_id'] ?? 0);
         if ($user_id <= 0) {
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
 
         $meta = [];
@@ -497,7 +544,7 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
             $meta = $paid_order['meta_payload'];
         }
         if (!empty($meta['card_pass']) || sanitize_key((string) ($meta['vip_pay_type'] ?? '')) === 'card_pass') {
-            return;
+            return true;
         }
 
         $level = (int) ($meta['level'] ?? 0);
@@ -561,13 +608,20 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
             $fulfilled = (int) get_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_vip_level', true) >= max($previous_level, $level)
                 && ($new_expiry === 0 || $days <= 0 || $new_expiry >= max($previous_expiry, time()) + ($days * DAY_IN_SECONDS));
         }
-        if ($fulfilled && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository')) {
-            \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->update_status(
+        if (!$fulfilled) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_vip_fulfillment_failed', __('会员权益发放失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository')) {
+            $completed = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->update_status(
                 $order_number,
                 \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED,
                 ['note' => __('会员权益已发放。', 'aksrt')]
             );
+			if (!$completed) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_vip_fulfillment_failed', __('会员订单完成失败。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
         }
+		return true;
     }
 
 
@@ -673,16 +727,13 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
      *
      * @return array|\WP_Error
      */
-    public function exchange_with_points(int $user_id, int $package_id) {
+    public function exchange_with_points(int $user_id, int $package_id, string $operation_key = '') {
         if ($user_id <= 0) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_need_login', __('请先登录后再兑换。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
         }
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_unavailable', __('积分系统不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-        }
         $catalog = $this->get_catalog($user_id);
         if (array_key_exists('credits_enabled', $catalog) && empty($catalog['credits_enabled'])) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_disabled', __('积分功能未启用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_points_disabled', __('积分功能未启用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
         }
         $points_ex = is_array($catalog['points_exchange'] ?? null) ? $catalog['points_exchange'] : [];
         if (empty($points_ex['enabled'])) {
@@ -719,7 +770,7 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
 
         $balance = (int) ($catalog['user_points'] ?? 0);
         if ($balance < $cost) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_insufficient', __('积分不足，暂时无法兑换', 'aksrt'), [
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_points_insufficient', __('积分不足，暂时无法兑换', 'aksrt'), [
                 'status' => 402,
                 'balance' => $balance,
                 'cost' => $cost,
@@ -741,62 +792,91 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
             'action' => 'points_exchange',
         ], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 
-        $order_number = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->create([
-            'user_id' => $user_id,
-            'product_type' => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP,
-            'product_id' => $package_id,
-            'amount' => (float) $cost,
-            'currency' => 'points',
-            'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING,
-            'payment_method' => 'points',
-            'note' => is_string($note) ? $note : '',
-            'expires_at' => \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at(),
-        ]);
-        if ($order_number === '') {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-        }
+		$repo = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance();
+		$existing = $operation_key !== '' ? $repo->get_by_request_key($operation_key) : null;
+		$is_new_order = !is_array($existing);
+		if (is_array($existing)) {
+			$existing_meta = json_decode((string) ($existing['note'] ?? ''), true);
+			$existing_meta = is_array($existing_meta) ? $existing_meta : [];
+			if ((int) ($existing['user_id'] ?? 0) !== $user_id
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing['product_type'] ?? '')) !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP
+				|| (int) ($existing['product_id'] ?? 0) !== $package_id
+				|| (string) ($existing['currency'] ?? '') !== 'points'
+				|| (int) ($existing['amount'] ?? 0) !== $cost
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($existing['payment_method'] ?? '')) !== 'points'
+				|| (int) ($existing_meta['level'] ?? 0) !== $level
+				|| (int) ($existing_meta['days'] ?? 0) !== $days
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他会员兑换请求', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			$order_number = (string) $existing['order_number'];
+		} else {
+			$order_number = $repo->allocate_order_number();
+		}
+		if ($order_number === '') {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$guard = static function () use ($is_new_order, $order_number, $user_id, $package_id, $cost) {
+			if ($is_new_order) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			global $wpdb;
+			$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('order');
+			$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT user_id, product_id, amount, currency, status FROM {$table} WHERE order_number = %s FOR UPDATE", $order_number), ARRAY_A);
+			if (!is_array($current)
+				|| (int) ($current['user_id'] ?? 0) !== $user_id
+				|| (int) ($current['product_id'] ?? 0) !== $package_id
+				|| (int) ($current['amount'] ?? 0) !== $cost
+				|| (string) ($current['currency'] ?? '') !== 'points'
+				|| !in_array((string) ($current['status'] ?? ''), [\AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_CREATED, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING], true)
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单状态或金额已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
 
-        $lock = class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\PaymentAttemptLock')
-            ? \AKSRT\Payment\PaymentAttemptLock::acquire($order_number)
-            : false;
-        if ($lock === false) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_pay_locked', __('该订单正在发起支付，请稍后重试。', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
-        }
-
-        try {
-            $deducted = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::deduct(
-                $user_id,
-                $cost,
-                'vip_points_exchange',
-                ['order' => $order_number, 'level' => $level, 'days' => $days],
-                sprintf(__('积分兑换会员 · %s', 'aksrt'), (string) ($match['title'] ?? ''))
-            );
-            if (is_wp_error($deducted) || $deducted === false) {
-                \AKSRT\Payment\Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_CANCELLED, [
-                    'note' => __('积分扣除失败，自动取消', 'aksrt'),
+		$ledger = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance();
+        $deducted = $ledger->debit(
+            $user_id,
+            \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS,
+            $cost,
+			$operation_key,
+            'vip_points_exchange',
+            ['type' => 'order', 'key' => $order_number],
+            sprintf(__('积分兑换会员 · %s', 'aksrt'), (string) ($match['title'] ?? '')),
+            $user_id,
+            ['level' => $level, 'days' => $days, 'package_id' => $package_id],
+			static function () use ($is_new_order, $repo, $order_number, $operation_key, $user_id, $package_id, $cost, $note) {
+				if ($is_new_order) {
+					$created = $repo->create([
+						'order_number' => $order_number,
+						'user_id' => $user_id,
+						'product_type' => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP,
+						'product_id' => $package_id,
+						'amount' => $cost,
+						'currency' => 'points',
+						'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING,
+						'payment_method' => 'points',
+						'note' => is_string($note) ? $note : '',
+						'expires_at' => \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at(),
+						'request_key' => $operation_key,
+					]);
+					if ($created !== $order_number) {
+						return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+					}
+				}
+                $paid = \AKSRT\Payment\Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, [
+                    'payment_method' => 'points',
+                    'payment_transaction_id' => 'points_' . $order_number,
+                    'note' => sprintf(__('积分兑换会员 %d 积分。', 'aksrt'), $cost),
+                    'require_transition' => true,
                 ]);
-                $msg = is_wp_error($deducted) ? $deducted->get_error_message() : __('积分扣除失败', 'aksrt');
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_deduct_failed', $msg ?: __('积分扣除失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
-            }
-
-            $paid = \AKSRT\Payment\Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, [
-                'payment_method' => 'points',
-                'payment_transaction_id' => 'points_' . $order_number,
-                'note' => sprintf(__('积分兑换会员 %d 积分。', 'aksrt'), $cost),
-                'require_transition' => true,
-            ]);
-            if (!$paid) {
-                \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::add(
-                    $user_id,
-                    $cost,
-                    'vip_points_exchange_refund',
-                    ['order' => $order_number],
-                    __('会员兑换失败退款', 'aksrt')
-                );
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('兑换确认失败，已尝试退回积分', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-            }
-        } finally {
-            \AKSRT\Payment\PaymentAttemptLock::release($order_number, $lock);
+                return $paid ? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('兑换确认失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			},
+			$guard
+        );
+        if (is_wp_error($deducted)) {
+            return $deducted;
         }
 
         return [
@@ -806,7 +886,9 @@ trait VipServicePurchase {
                 'points' => $cost,
                 'level' => $level,
                 'days' => $days,
-                'balance' => \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($user_id),
+                'balance' => $ledger->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS),
+                'transaction_id' => $deducted->transaction_id,
+                'replayed' => $deducted->replayed,
                 'message' => __('兑换成功', 'aksrt'),
                 'reload' => true,
             ],
diff --git a/src/Content/VipServiceRest.php b/src/Content/VipServiceRest.php
index fe0d6037..61d96acd 100644
--- a/src/Content/VipServiceRest.php
+++ b/src/Content/VipServiceRest.php
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ trait VipServiceRest {
                 'methods'             => 'POST',
                 'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_purchase'],
                 'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_rest_nonce'],
+				'args' => [
+					'package_id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'required' => true, 'minimum' => 1],
+					'payment_method' => ['type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key'],
+				],
             ],
         ]);
 
@@ -29,6 +33,7 @@ trait VipServiceRest {
             'methods'             => 'POST',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_points_exchange'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_rest_nonce'],
+			'args' => ['package_id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'required' => true, 'minimum' => 1]],
         ]);
 
         register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/pay/vip/modal', [
@@ -112,12 +117,16 @@ trait VipServiceRest {
             $params = $request->get_params();
         }
         $package_id = (int) ($params['package_id'] ?? 0);
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'vip-purchase', $uid);
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $operation_key;
+		}
         $payment_method = sanitize_key((string) ($params['payment_method'] ?? 'balance'));
         if ($payment_method === '' || $payment_method === 'cash') {
             $payment_method = 'balance';
         }
 
-        $result = $this->purchase($uid, $package_id, $payment_method);
+		$result = $this->purchase($uid, $package_id, $payment_method, $operation_key);
         if (is_wp_error($result)) {
             return $result;
         }
@@ -147,7 +156,11 @@ trait VipServiceRest {
             $params = $request->get_params();
         }
         $package_id = (int) ($params['package_id'] ?? 0);
-        $result = $this->exchange_with_points($uid, $package_id);
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'vip-points-purchase', $uid);
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $operation_key;
+		}
+		$result = $this->exchange_with_points($uid, $package_id, $operation_key);
         if (is_wp_error($result)) {
             return $result;
         }
diff --git a/src/Content/Visibility.php b/src/Content/Visibility.php
index 86f6775e..dc990e15 100644
--- a/src/Content/Visibility.php
+++ b/src/Content/Visibility.php
@@ -43,10 +43,11 @@ class Visibility {
             ? ((($priced['modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0')
             : ((($pay_meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0');
         $price = is_array($priced)
-            ? (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0)
+            ? ($priced['amount'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00'))
             : (($pay_modo === 'points')
-                ? (float) ($pay_meta['points_price'] ?? 0)
-                : (float) ($pay_meta['price'] ?? 0));
+                ? (int) ($pay_meta['points_price'] ?? 0)
+                : (string) ($pay_meta['price'] ?? '0.00'));
+        $price_minor = self::asset_minor($price, $pay_modo);
         $state = [
             'post_id' => $resource_post instanceof \WP_Post ? (int) $resource_post->ID : 0,
             'pay_type' => $pay_type,
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ class Visibility {
             return $state;
         }
 
-        $has_free_access = $price <= 0 && $pay_type !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_VIP;
+        $has_free_access = $price_minor <= 0 && $pay_type !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_VIP;
         $pay_limit = (int) ($pay_meta['pay_limit'] ?? 0);
         if (!in_array($pay_limit, [0, 1, 2], true)) {
             $pay_limit = 0;
@@ -120,19 +121,19 @@ class Visibility {
             if ($pay_type === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_DOWNLOAD) {
                 // Cash: order gate only. Points: cashier once → paid order zeros cost.
                 $download_cost = 0;
-                if ($pay_modo === 'points' && $price > 0 && !$has_paid_order) {
-                    $download_cost = (int) ceil($price);
+                if ($pay_modo === 'points' && $price_minor > 0 && !$has_paid_order) {
+                    $download_cost = $price_minor;
                 }
-                if ($allowed_member && $price <= 0) {
+                if ($allowed_member && $price_minor <= 0) {
                     $download_cost = 0;
                 }
                 $can_download = function_exists('aksrt_user_can') && aksrt_user_can('resource_download', $uid, (int) $resource_post->ID);
                 $state['download_cost'] = max(0, $download_cost);
                 $state['need_login'] = !$can_download && $uid <= 0;
-                $state['need_purchase'] = $allowed_member && $price > 0 && !$has_paid_order;
-                $state['has_paid_access'] = $allowed_member && ($has_paid_order || $price <= 0);
+                $state['need_purchase'] = $allowed_member && $price_minor > 0 && !$has_paid_order;
+                $state['has_paid_access'] = $allowed_member && ($has_paid_order || $price_minor <= 0);
                 $state['can_view'] = true;
-                $state['can_download'] = $can_download && $allowed_member && ($has_paid_order || $price <= 0);
+                $state['can_download'] = $can_download && $allowed_member && ($has_paid_order || $price_minor <= 0);
                 if (!$allowed_member) {
                     $state['can_download'] = false;
                     $state['has_paid_access'] = false;
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ class Visibility {
 
             // reading/gallery/video with pay_limit
             if ($allowed_member) {
-                $state['has_paid_access'] = $has_paid_order || $price <= 0;
+                $state['has_paid_access'] = $has_paid_order || $price_minor <= 0;
                 $state['need_purchase'] = !$state['has_paid_access'];
                 $state['need_vip'] = false;
             } else {
@@ -160,8 +161,8 @@ class Visibility {
         if ($pay_type === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_DOWNLOAD) {
             // legacy: cash = order unlock; points = one-shot cashier order (not per-download deduct).
             $download_cost = 0;
-            if ($pay_modo === 'points' && $price > 0 && !$has_paid_order) {
-                $download_cost = (int) ceil($price);
+            if ($pay_modo === 'points' && $price_minor > 0 && !$has_paid_order) {
+                $download_cost = $price_minor;
             }
             $state['download_cost'] = max(0, $download_cost);
 
@@ -169,10 +170,10 @@ class Visibility {
             $state['need_login'] = !$can_download && $uid <= 0;
             $state['require_captcha'] = function_exists('aksrt_is_captcha_enabled_for') && aksrt_is_captcha_enabled_for('download');
 
-            $state['need_purchase'] = !$has_paid_order && $price > 0;
-            $state['has_paid_access'] = $has_paid_order || $price <= 0 || $has_free_access;
+            $state['need_purchase'] = !$has_paid_order && $price_minor > 0;
+            $state['has_paid_access'] = $has_paid_order || $price_minor <= 0 || $has_free_access;
             $state['can_view'] = true;
-            $state['can_download'] = $can_download && ($has_paid_order || $price <= 0);
+            $state['can_download'] = $can_download && ($has_paid_order || $price_minor <= 0);
 
             return $state;
         }
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ class Visibility {
         $state['need_purchase'] = !$has_free_access && !$has_paid_order;
         $state['has_paid_access'] = $has_free_access || $has_paid_order;
         // VIP free tier for reading etc. via amount.
-        if (!$state['has_paid_access'] && $price <= 0 && $pay_type !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_VIP) {
+        if (!$state['has_paid_access'] && $price_minor <= 0 && $pay_type !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_VIP) {
             $state['has_paid_access'] = true;
             $state['need_purchase'] = false;
         }
@@ -253,11 +254,10 @@ class Visibility {
         // Cash or points: require cashier purchase (resource order) before download token.
         if (!empty($state['need_purchase']) && empty($state['has_paid_access'])) {
             $pay_modo = (string) ($state['pay_modo'] ?? '0');
-            $price = (float) ($state['price'] ?? 0);
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_need_purchase', __('请先购买后再下载。', 'aksrt'), [
                 'status' => 402,
                 'pay_modo' => $pay_modo,
-                'amount' => $pay_modo === 'points' ? (int) ceil($price) : $price,
+                'amount' => $state['price'] ?? ($pay_modo === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00'),
                 'post_id' => (int) ($state['post_id'] ?? 0),
             ]);
         }
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class Visibility {
                     return $over;
                 }
                 $m = aksrt_get_pay_meta($resource_post);
-                return max(0.0, (float) ($m['download_limit_over_price'] ?? 0));
+                return $m['download_limit_over_price'] ?? 0;
             };
             add_filter('aksrt_download_limit_over_price', $over_cb, 10, 2);
             $quota = aksrt_check_free_download_quota($uid, $cost);
@@ -340,6 +340,20 @@ class Visibility {
         return $html;
     }
 
+    private static function asset_minor($value, string $pay_modo): int {
+        if ($pay_modo === 'points') {
+            return is_int($value) ? max(0, $value) : 0;
+        }
+        if (!is_string($value)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($value);
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
     private function is_unlocked(string $mode, int $pid): bool {
         switch ($mode) {
             case 'comment':
diff --git a/src/Core/DBMigrator.php b/src/Core/DBMigrator.php
index 3c7dfb8b..a419cd1d 100644
--- a/src/Core/DBMigrator.php
+++ b/src/Core/DBMigrator.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class DBMigrator {
     use DBMigratorVip;
 
     /** Current schema version; changing it re-runs dbDelta. */
-    const SCHEMA_VERSION = '1.24.0';
+    const SCHEMA_VERSION = '2.0.0';
 
     const OPT_KEY = 'aksrt_db_schema_version';
 
diff --git a/src/Core/DBMigratorIdentity.php b/src/Core/DBMigratorIdentity.php
index 2a1df549..bd4906cb 100644
--- a/src/Core/DBMigratorIdentity.php
+++ b/src/Core/DBMigratorIdentity.php
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ trait DBMigratorIdentity {
             id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
             application_uuid CHAR(36) NOT NULL,
             client_request_id CHAR(36) NOT NULL,
+			request_payload_hash CHAR(64) NOT NULL,
             user_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
             type VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
             channel VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'cloud',
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ trait DBMigratorIdentity {
             KEY idx_status_updated (status, updated_at),
             KEY idx_id_number_hash (id_number_hash),
             KEY idx_company_code_hash (company_code_hash)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($application);
 
         $event = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_identity_event (
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ trait DBMigratorIdentity {
             UNIQUE KEY uniq_dedupe_key (dedupe_key),
             KEY idx_application_created (application_id, created_at),
             KEY idx_source_external (source, external_event_id)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($event);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Core/DBMigratorPart2.php b/src/Core/DBMigratorPart2.php
index 401d0e35..11fe5fd5 100644
--- a/src/Core/DBMigratorPart2.php
+++ b/src/Core/DBMigratorPart2.php
@@ -20,43 +20,55 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
         $charset_collate = $wpdb->get_charset_collate();
         $prefix = $wpdb->prefix;
 
-        // ---------- 1. 积分流水 ----------
-        $sql_credit_log = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_credit_log (
-            id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
+        // ---------- 1. 统一资产账户与不可变账本 ----------
+        $sql_asset_account = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_asset_account (
             user_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
-            delta INT NOT NULL,
-            balance_after INT NOT NULL,
-            reason VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-            remark VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
-            ref_type VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL,
-            ref_id BIGINT UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL,
-            ip VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL,
-            ua VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
-            created_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
-            PRIMARY KEY  (id),
-            KEY idx_user_time (user_id, created_at),
-            KEY idx_reason (reason)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
-        dbDelta($sql_credit_log);
+            asset VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
+            balance_minor BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+            version BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+            updated_at DATETIME(6) NOT NULL,
+            PRIMARY KEY  (user_id, asset),
+            KEY idx_asset_balance (asset, balance_minor)
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
+        dbDelta($sql_asset_account);
 
-        // ---------- 1b. 现金余额流水（站内钱包，与积分分离） ----------
-        $sql_balance_log = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_balance_log (
+        $sql_asset_transaction = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_asset_transaction (
             id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-            user_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
-            delta DECIMAL(18,2) NOT NULL,
-            balance_after DECIMAL(18,2) NOT NULL,
+            operation_key VARCHAR(191) NOT NULL,
+            payload_hash CHAR(64) NOT NULL,
             reason VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
-            remark VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
             ref_type VARCHAR(32) DEFAULT NULL,
-            ref_id BIGINT UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL,
+            ref_key VARCHAR(191) DEFAULT NULL,
+            actor_user_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+            metadata LONGTEXT DEFAULT NULL,
             ip VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL,
             ua VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
-            created_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
+            created_at DATETIME(6) NOT NULL,
             PRIMARY KEY  (id),
-            KEY idx_user_time (user_id, created_at),
-            KEY idx_reason (reason)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
-        dbDelta($sql_balance_log);
+            UNIQUE KEY uniq_operation_key (operation_key),
+            KEY idx_reason_time (reason, created_at),
+            KEY idx_reference (ref_type, ref_key)
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
+        dbDelta($sql_asset_transaction);
+
+        $sql_asset_entry = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_asset_entry (
+            id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
+            transaction_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
+            line_no SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
+            user_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
+            asset VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
+            entry_type VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+            delta_minor BIGINT NOT NULL,
+            balance_after_minor BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
+            counterparty_user_id BIGINT UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL,
+            remark VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+            created_at DATETIME(6) NOT NULL,
+            PRIMARY KEY  (id),
+            UNIQUE KEY uniq_transaction_line (transaction_id, line_no),
+            KEY idx_user_asset_time (user_id, asset, created_at, id),
+            KEY idx_transaction (transaction_id)
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
+        dbDelta($sql_asset_entry);
 
         // ---------- 2. 签到 ----------
         $sql_signin = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_signin_log (
@@ -68,7 +80,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             PRIMARY KEY  (id),
             UNIQUE KEY uniq_user_date (user_id, signin_date),
             KEY idx_user (user_id)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_signin);
 
         // ---------- 3. 下载 token ----------
@@ -88,7 +100,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             KEY idx_expires (expires_at),
             KEY idx_user (user_id),
             KEY idx_post (post_id)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_dl_token);
 
         // ---------- 5. 用户通知收件箱 ----------
@@ -105,13 +117,14 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             PRIMARY KEY  (id),
             KEY idx_user_created (user_id, created_at),
             KEY idx_user_read (user_id, is_read)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_notification);
 
         // ---------- 8. 订单表 ----------
         $sql_order = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_order (
             id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
             order_number VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+            request_key VARCHAR(191) DEFAULT NULL,
             user_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
             product_type VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
             product_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
@@ -131,12 +144,13 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             note TEXT DEFAULT NULL,
             PRIMARY KEY  (id),
             UNIQUE KEY uniq_order_number (order_number),
+            UNIQUE KEY uniq_request_key (request_key),
             KEY idx_user (user_id),
             KEY idx_user_status_created (user_id, status, created_at),
             KEY idx_status (status),
             KEY idx_created (created_at),
             KEY idx_product (product_type, product_id)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_order);
 
         // ---------- 9. 作者收益台账 ----------
@@ -168,7 +182,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             KEY idx_currency (currency),
             KEY idx_status (status),
             KEY idx_created (created_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_revenue);
 
         // ---------- 10. 提现台账 ----------
@@ -180,15 +194,17 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             method VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
             account_info TEXT DEFAULT NULL,
             status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
+            ledger_transaction_id BIGINT UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL,
             created_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
             processed_at DATETIME DEFAULT NULL,
             note TEXT DEFAULT NULL,
             PRIMARY KEY  (id),
+            UNIQUE KEY uniq_ledger_transaction (ledger_transaction_id),
             KEY idx_user (user_id),
             KEY idx_user_created (user_id, created_at),
             KEY idx_status (status),
             KEY idx_created (created_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_withdrawal);
 
         // ---------- 11. 举报工单 ----------
@@ -208,7 +224,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             KEY idx_target (target_type, target_id),
             KEY idx_reporter (reporter_id),
             KEY idx_created (created_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_report);
 
         // ---------- 12. 用户限制/封禁 ----------
@@ -227,7 +243,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             KEY idx_scope (scope),
             KEY idx_expires (expires_at),
             KEY idx_created (created_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_restriction);
 
         // ── follow ──
@@ -240,7 +256,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             UNIQUE KEY idx_pair (follower_id, following_id),
             KEY idx_following (following_id),
             KEY idx_created (created_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_follow);
 
         // ── coupon ──
@@ -262,7 +278,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             UNIQUE KEY idx_code (code),
             KEY idx_status (status),
             KEY idx_expires (expires_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_coupon);
 
         // ── coupon_usage (R68) ──
@@ -276,11 +292,11 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             PRIMARY KEY  (id),
             KEY idx_coupon (coupon_id),
             KEY idx_user (user_id),
-            KEY idx_order (order_number)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+            UNIQUE KEY uniq_coupon_usage_order (order_number)
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_coupon_usage);
 
-        // ── charge_card (legacy-style typed card_pass) ──
+		// ── typed charge cards ──
         $sql_charge_card = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_charge_card (
             id              BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
             card            VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
@@ -304,31 +320,9 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             KEY idx_used_by (used_by),
             KEY idx_order_number (order_number),
             KEY idx_expires (expires_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_charge_card);
 
-        // ── rebate_log ──
-        $sql_rebate_log = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_rebate_log (
-            id              BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-            user_id         BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-            order_number    VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
-            source_user_id  BIGINT UNSIGNED DEFAULT NULL,
-            amount          DECIMAL(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-            type            VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'order',
-            status          VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
-            created_at      DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
-            settled_at      DATETIME DEFAULT NULL,
-            note            TEXT DEFAULT NULL,
-            PRIMARY KEY  (id),
-            KEY idx_user (user_id),
-            KEY idx_order (order_number),
-            KEY idx_source (source_user_id),
-            KEY idx_status (status),
-            KEY idx_type (type),
-            KEY idx_created (created_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
-        dbDelta($sql_rebate_log);
-
         // ── canonical Ref attribution and permanent user binding ──
         $sql_affiliate_relation = "CREATE TABLE {$prefix}aksrt_affiliate_relation (
             id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
@@ -349,7 +343,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             KEY idx_status_touch (status, first_touch_at),
             KEY idx_reward_status (reward_status),
             KEY idx_reward_ip (registration_ip, rewarded_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_affiliate_relation);
 
         // ── immutable commission ledger ──
@@ -365,17 +359,20 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             adjustment_total DECIMAL(18,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
             status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending',
             idempotency_key VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
+			cancel_operation_key VARCHAR(191) DEFAULT NULL,
+			cancel_payload_hash CHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL,
             available_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
             settled_at DATETIME DEFAULT NULL,
             created_at DATETIME NOT NULL,
             note TEXT DEFAULT NULL,
             PRIMARY KEY (id),
             UNIQUE KEY uniq_commission_idempotency (idempotency_key),
+			UNIQUE KEY uniq_commission_cancel_operation (cancel_operation_key),
             KEY idx_promoter_status (promoter_id, status),
             KEY idx_order_type (order_number, order_type),
             KEY idx_available (status, available_at),
             KEY idx_created (created_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_commission_ledger);
 
         // ── immutable commission adjustments (refund/debt/manual) ──
@@ -393,7 +390,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             UNIQUE KEY uniq_adjustment_source (source_key),
             KEY idx_ledger (ledger_id),
             KEY idx_promoter (promoter_id)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_commission_adjustment);
 
         // ── payout account snapshots ──
@@ -409,7 +406,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             PRIMARY KEY (id),
             UNIQUE KEY uniq_user_channel (user_id, channel),
             KEY idx_user_status (user_id, status)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_payout_account);
 
         // ── order_items (§6.5 多商品多商家) ──
@@ -434,7 +431,7 @@ trait DBMigratorPart2 {
             PRIMARY KEY  (id),
             KEY idx_order (order_number),
             KEY idx_product (product_id)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($sql_order_items);
 
         self::migrate_identity_tables($prefix, $charset_collate);
diff --git a/src/Core/DBMigratorPart3.php b/src/Core/DBMigratorPart3.php
index 49681fbc..3ffbd9de 100644
--- a/src/Core/DBMigratorPart3.php
+++ b/src/Core/DBMigratorPart3.php
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ trait DBMigratorPart3 {
     public static function table(string $name): string {
         global $wpdb;
         $allowed = [
-            'credit_log'     => 'aksrt_credit_log',
-            'balance_log'    => 'aksrt_balance_log',
+            'asset_account'     => 'aksrt_asset_account',
+            'asset_transaction' => 'aksrt_asset_transaction',
+            'asset_entry'       => 'aksrt_asset_entry',
             'signin_log'     => 'aksrt_signin_log',
             'dl_token'       => 'aksrt_dl_token',
             'notification'   => 'aksrt_notification',
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ trait DBMigratorPart3 {
             'follow'         => 'aksrt_follow',
             'coupon'         => 'aksrt_coupon',
             'charge_card'    => 'aksrt_charge_card',
-            'rebate_log'     => 'aksrt_rebate_log',
             'affiliate_relation' => 'aksrt_affiliate_relation',
             'commission_ledger' => 'aksrt_commission_ledger',
             'commission_adjustment' => 'aksrt_commission_adjustment',
diff --git a/src/Core/DBMigratorVip.php b/src/Core/DBMigratorVip.php
index 15f58a01..0608e5a4 100644
--- a/src/Core/DBMigratorVip.php
+++ b/src/Core/DBMigratorVip.php
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ trait DBMigratorVip {
             KEY idx_batch (batch_uuid),
             KEY idx_status_created (status, created_at),
             KEY idx_operation_created (operation, created_at)
-        ) {$charset_collate};";
+        ) ENGINE=InnoDB {$charset_collate};";
         dbDelta($event);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Core/DomainModel.php b/src/Core/DomainModel.php
index 5df24f73..d623b3c2 100644
--- a/src/Core/DomainModel.php
+++ b/src/Core/DomainModel.php
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ class DomainModel {
     public const RESOURCE_SALES_VOLUME_KEY   = '_aksrt_sales_volume';
     public const POST_VIEW_COUNT_KEY         = 'aksrt_post_views';
 
-    public const ORDER_MIGRATED_OPTION       = 'aksrt_order_migrated_to_table';
     public const RESOURCE_PAY_META_MIGRATED  = 'aksrt_resource_pay_meta_migrated';
 
     public const ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE     = 'resource';
@@ -116,11 +115,11 @@ class DomainModel {
         return [
             'pay_type'        => self::PAY_TYPE_NO,
             'pay_modo'        => '0', // '0' cash | 'points' credits (legacy)
-            'price'           => 0.0,
+            'price'           => '0.00',
             'points_price'    => 0,
-            'original_price'  => 0.0,
-            'vip1_price'      => 0.0,
-            'vip2_price'      => 0.0,
+            'original_price'  => '0.00',
+            'vip1_price'      => '0.00',
+            'vip2_price'      => '0.00',
             'vip1_points'     => 0,
             'vip2_points'     => 0,
             'pay_limit'       => 0, // 0 all | 1 VIP1+ | 2 VIP2 only (legacy)
@@ -143,11 +142,11 @@ class DomainModel {
             'free_preview'    => '',
             'show_sales'      => true,
             // legacy: free daily quota overbuy price (cash or points by pay_modo).
-            'download_limit_over_price' => 0.0,
+            'download_limit_over_price' => '0.00',
             // Content cashier: coupon + buyer-facing 推广折扣 (legacy posts_aksrtpay).
             'coupon_s'             => false,
             'coupon_desc'          => '',
-            'pay_rebate_discount'  => 0.0,
+            'pay_rebate_discount'  => '0.00',
         ];
     }
 
@@ -319,13 +318,13 @@ class DomainModel {
         $meta['pay_type'] = self::normalize_pay_type((string) ($raw['pay_type'] ?? $meta['pay_type']));
         $pay_modo = sanitize_key((string) ($raw['pay_modo'] ?? '0'));
         $meta['pay_modo'] = $pay_modo === 'points' ? 'points' : '0';
-        $meta['price'] = max(0, (float) ($raw['price'] ?? 0));
-        $meta['points_price'] = max(0, (int) ($raw['points_price'] ?? $raw['price'] ?? 0));
-        $meta['original_price'] = max(0, (float) ($raw['original_price'] ?? 0));
-        $meta['vip1_price'] = max(0, (float) ($raw['vip1_price'] ?? 0));
-        $meta['vip2_price'] = max(0, (float) ($raw['vip2_price'] ?? 0));
-        $meta['vip1_points'] = max(0, (int) ($raw['vip1_points'] ?? $raw['vip1_price'] ?? 0));
-        $meta['vip2_points'] = max(0, (int) ($raw['vip2_points'] ?? $raw['vip2_price'] ?? 0));
+        $meta['price'] = self::sanitize_balance_decimal($raw['price'] ?? '0');
+        $meta['points_price'] = self::sanitize_points($raw['points_price'] ?? 0);
+        $meta['original_price'] = self::sanitize_balance_decimal($raw['original_price'] ?? '0');
+        $meta['vip1_price'] = self::sanitize_balance_decimal($raw['vip1_price'] ?? '0');
+        $meta['vip2_price'] = self::sanitize_balance_decimal($raw['vip2_price'] ?? '0');
+        $meta['vip1_points'] = self::sanitize_points($raw['vip1_points'] ?? 0);
+        $meta['vip2_points'] = self::sanitize_points($raw['vip2_points'] ?? 0);
         $pay_limit = (int) ($raw['pay_limit'] ?? 0);
         $meta['pay_limit'] = in_array($pay_limit, [0, 1, 2], true) ? $pay_limit : 0;
         $meta['version'] = sanitize_text_field((string) ($raw['version'] ?? ''));
@@ -347,14 +346,43 @@ class DomainModel {
         $meta['purchase_limit'] = max(0, (int) ($raw['purchase_limit'] ?? 0));
         $meta['free_preview']   = wp_kses_post((string) ($raw['free_preview'] ?? ''));
         $meta['show_sales']     = !isset($raw['show_sales']) || !empty($raw['show_sales']);
-        $meta['download_limit_over_price'] = max(0, (float) ($raw['download_limit_over_price'] ?? 0));
+        $meta['download_limit_over_price'] = $meta['pay_modo'] === 'points'
+            ? self::sanitize_points($raw['download_limit_over_price'] ?? 0)
+            : self::sanitize_balance_decimal($raw['download_limit_over_price'] ?? '0');
         $meta['coupon_s']            = !empty($raw['coupon_s']);
         $meta['coupon_desc']         = sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($raw['coupon_desc'] ?? ''));
-        $meta['pay_rebate_discount'] = max(0, (float) ($raw['pay_rebate_discount'] ?? 0));
+        $meta['pay_rebate_discount'] = self::sanitize_balance_decimal($raw['pay_rebate_discount'] ?? '0');
 
         return $meta;
     }
 
+    private static function sanitize_balance_decimal($value): string {
+        if (!is_string($value)) {
+            return '0.00';
+        }
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return '0.00';
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static function sanitize_points($value): int {
+        if (is_int($value)) {
+            return max(0, $value);
+        }
+        if (!is_string($value) || !preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)$/', trim($value))) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        $value = trim($value);
+        if (strlen($value) > strlen((string) PHP_INT_MAX)
+            || (strlen($value) === strlen((string) PHP_INT_MAX) && strcmp($value, (string) PHP_INT_MAX) > 0)
+        ) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return (int) $value;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @return array<string, string>
      */
diff --git a/src/Core/FrontSubmitPay.php b/src/Core/FrontSubmitPay.php
index 1d832d51..6ae2d4c0 100644
--- a/src/Core/FrontSubmitPay.php
+++ b/src/Core/FrontSubmitPay.php
@@ -67,16 +67,16 @@ trait FrontSubmitPay {
         $meta['pay_type'] = $pay_type;
         $meta['pay_modo'] = $pay_modo;
 
-        $min = (float) ($settings['pay_price_min'] ?? 0);
-        $max = (float) ($settings['pay_price_max'] ?? 0);
         $allow_free = !empty($settings['pay_free_s']);
         $vip_manual = !empty($settings['pay_vip_price_s']);
         $vip1_disc  = (int) ($settings['pay_vip_1_discount'] ?? 100);
         $vip2_disc  = (int) ($settings['pay_vip_2_discount'] ?? 100);
 
         if ($pay_modo === 'points') {
-            $points = isset($raw['points_price']) ? (int) $raw['points_price'] : (int) ($data['points_price'] ?? 0);
-            if ($points < 0) {
+            $points = $this->parse_front_points($raw['points_price'] ?? $data['points_price'] ?? null);
+            $min = $this->parse_front_points_limit($settings['pay_price_min'] ?? '0.00');
+            $max = $this->parse_front_points_limit($settings['pay_price_max'] ?? '0.00');
+            if ($points === null) {
                 return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('请设置正确的积分价格', 'aksrt')];
             }
             if (!$allow_free && $points <= 0) {
@@ -90,59 +90,64 @@ trait FrontSubmitPay {
             }
 
             if ($vip_manual) {
-                $vip1 = isset($raw['vip1_points']) ? (int) $raw['vip1_points'] : (int) ($raw['vip_1_points'] ?? 0);
-                $vip2 = isset($raw['vip2_points']) ? (int) $raw['vip2_points'] : (int) ($raw['vip_2_points'] ?? 0);
+                $vip1 = $this->parse_front_points($raw['vip1_points'] ?? $raw['vip_1_points'] ?? null);
+                $vip2 = $this->parse_front_points($raw['vip2_points'] ?? $raw['vip_2_points'] ?? null);
+                if ($vip1 === null || $vip2 === null) {
+                    return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('请设置正确的会员积分价格', 'aksrt')];
+                }
             } else {
-                $vip1 = (int) floor($points * $vip1_disc / 100);
-                $vip2 = (int) floor($points * $vip2_disc / 100);
+                $vip1 = (intdiv($points, 100) * $vip1_disc) + intdiv(($points % 100) * $vip1_disc, 100);
+                $vip2 = (intdiv($points, 100) * $vip2_disc) + intdiv(($points % 100) * $vip2_disc, 100);
             }
             $vip1 = max(0, min($points, $vip1));
             $vip2 = max(0, min($vip1, $vip2));
 
             $meta['points_price'] = $points;
-            $meta['price']        = 0.0;
+            $meta['price']        = '0.00';
             $meta['vip1_points']  = $vip1;
             $meta['vip2_points']  = $vip2;
-            $meta['vip1_price']   = 0.0;
-            $meta['vip2_price']   = 0.0;
+            $meta['vip1_price']   = '0.00';
+            $meta['vip2_price']   = '0.00';
         } else {
-            $price = isset($raw['price']) ? (float) $raw['price'] : (float) ($raw['pay_price'] ?? $data['pay_price'] ?? 0);
-            $price = round($price, 2);
-            if ($price < 0) {
+            $price_minor = $this->parse_front_cash_minor($raw['price'] ?? $raw['pay_price'] ?? $data['pay_price'] ?? null);
+            $min_minor = $this->parse_front_cash_minor($settings['pay_price_min'] ?? '0') ?? 0;
+            $max_minor = $this->parse_front_cash_minor($settings['pay_price_max'] ?? '0') ?? 0;
+            if ($price_minor === null) {
                 return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('请设置正确的价格', 'aksrt')];
             }
-            if (!$allow_free && $price <= 0) {
+            if (!$allow_free && $price_minor <= 0) {
                 return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('请设置付费内容的价格', 'aksrt')];
             }
-            if ($min > 0 && $price < $min) {
-                return ['success' => false, 'message' => sprintf(__('价格不能低于：%s', 'aksrt'), (string) $min)];
+            if ($min_minor > 0 && $price_minor < $min_minor) {
+                return ['success' => false, 'message' => sprintf(__('价格不能低于：%s', 'aksrt'), \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($min_minor))];
             }
-            if ($max > 0 && $price > $max) {
-                return ['success' => false, 'message' => sprintf(__('价格不能高于：%s', 'aksrt'), (string) $max)];
+            if ($max_minor > 0 && $price_minor > $max_minor) {
+                return ['success' => false, 'message' => sprintf(__('价格不能高于：%s', 'aksrt'), \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($max_minor))];
             }
 
             if ($vip_manual) {
-                $vip1 = isset($raw['vip1_price']) ? (float) $raw['vip1_price'] : (float) ($raw['vip_1_price'] ?? 0);
-                $vip2 = isset($raw['vip2_price']) ? (float) $raw['vip2_price'] : (float) ($raw['vip_2_price'] ?? 0);
-                $vip1 = round($vip1, 2);
-                $vip2 = round($vip2, 2);
-                if ($vip1 > $price) {
+                $vip1_minor = $this->parse_front_cash_minor($raw['vip1_price'] ?? $raw['vip_1_price'] ?? null);
+                $vip2_minor = $this->parse_front_cash_minor($raw['vip2_price'] ?? $raw['vip_2_price'] ?? null);
+                if ($vip1_minor === null || $vip2_minor === null) {
+                    return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('请设置正确的会员价格', 'aksrt')];
+                }
+                if ($vip1_minor > $price_minor) {
                     return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('会员价不能高于普通价', 'aksrt')];
                 }
-                if ($vip2 > $vip1) {
+                if ($vip2_minor > $vip1_minor) {
                     return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('更高等级会员价不能高于较低等级会员价', 'aksrt')];
                 }
             } else {
-                $vip1 = round($price * $vip1_disc / 100, 2);
-                $vip2 = round($price * $vip2_disc / 100, 2);
+                $vip1_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::percentage($price_minor, max(0, min(100, $vip1_disc)));
+                $vip2_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::percentage($price_minor, max(0, min(100, $vip2_disc)));
             }
-            $vip1 = max(0, min($price, $vip1));
-            $vip2 = max(0, min($vip1, $vip2));
+            $vip1_minor = max(0, min($price_minor, $vip1_minor));
+            $vip2_minor = max(0, min($vip1_minor, $vip2_minor));
 
-            $meta['price']        = $price;
+            $meta['price']        = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($price_minor);
             $meta['points_price'] = 0;
-            $meta['vip1_price']   = $vip1;
-            $meta['vip2_price']   = $vip2;
+            $meta['vip1_price']   = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($vip1_minor);
+            $meta['vip2_price']   = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($vip2_minor);
             $meta['vip1_points']  = 0;
             $meta['vip2_points']  = 0;
         }
@@ -159,6 +164,40 @@ trait FrontSubmitPay {
         return ['success' => true];
     }
 
+    private function parse_front_points($value): ?int {
+        if (is_int($value)) {
+            return $value >= 0 ? $value : null;
+        }
+        if (!is_string($value) || !preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)$/', trim($value))) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        $value = trim($value);
+        if (strlen($value) > strlen((string) PHP_INT_MAX)
+            || (strlen($value) === strlen((string) PHP_INT_MAX) && strcmp($value, (string) PHP_INT_MAX) > 0)
+        ) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return (int) $value;
+    }
+
+    private function parse_front_cash_minor($value): ?int {
+        if (!is_string($value)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($value);
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function parse_front_points_limit($value): int {
+        if (!is_string($value) || !preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:\.00)?$/', trim($value), $matches)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return $this->parse_front_points((string) $matches[1]) ?? 0;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @param mixed $raw
      * @return array<int, array<string, string>>
@@ -210,7 +249,13 @@ trait FrontSubmitPay {
         $meta = DomainModel::sanitize_pay_meta($meta);
         update_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::PAY_META_KEY, $meta);
         update_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_KEY, (string) ($meta['pay_type'] ?? DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_NO));
-        update_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::PAY_PRICE_KEY, (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0));
+        update_post_meta(
+            $post_id,
+            DomainModel::PAY_PRICE_KEY,
+            ($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points'
+                ? (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0)
+                : (string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0.00')
+        );
         update_post_meta(
             $post_id,
             DomainModel::RESOURCE_MARKER_KEY,
diff --git a/src/Core/PostMetaBox.php b/src/Core/PostMetaBox.php
index 4b460c0a..2515e775 100644
--- a/src/Core/PostMetaBox.php
+++ b/src/Core/PostMetaBox.php
@@ -473,13 +473,13 @@ class PostMetaBox {
         $type_label = $labels[$pay_type] ?? $pay_type;
         $modo = (($pay['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points') ? 'points' : '0';
         if ($modo === 'points') {
-            $price_text = sprintf(__('%d 积分', 'aksrt'), (int) ceil((float) ($pay['points_price'] ?? $pay['price'] ?? 0)));
+            $price_text = sprintf(__('%d 积分', 'aksrt'), max(0, (int) ($pay['points_price'] ?? 0)));
         } else {
-            $price_text = '¥' . number_format((float) ($pay['price'] ?? 0), 2);
+            $price_text = '¥' . (string) ($pay['price'] ?? '0.00');
         }
         $meta_sales = (int) get_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::RESOURCE_SALES_VOLUME_KEY, true);
         $db_sales = 0;
-        $revenue  = 0.0;
+        $revenue  = '0.00';
         if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository')) {
             $map = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->get_content_sales_map(
                 [$post_id],
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ class PostMetaBox {
             );
             if (isset($map[$post_id])) {
                 $db_sales = (int) ($map[$post_id]['sales_count'] ?? 0);
-                $revenue  = (float) ($map[$post_id]['revenue'] ?? 0);
+                $revenue  = (string) ($map[$post_id]['revenue'] ?? '0.00');
             }
         }
         $orders_url = admin_url('admin.php?page=aksrt_orders&product_type=resource&product_id=' . $post_id);
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ class PostMetaBox {
                 '<br><a href="%s" title="%s">%s</a>',
                 esc_url($orders_url),
                 esc_attr__('查看销售明细', 'aksrt'),
-                esc_html(sprintf(__('真实销量 %d · ¥%s', 'aksrt'), $db_sales, number_format($revenue, 2)))
+                esc_html(sprintf(__('真实销量 %d · ¥%s', 'aksrt'), $db_sales, $revenue))
             );
         } else {
             echo '<br><span class="description">' . esc_html__('暂无订单', 'aksrt') . '</span>';
@@ -682,11 +682,18 @@ class PostMetaBox {
             $modo = sanitize_key($modo_raw);
             $meta['pay_modo'] = ($modo === 'points') ? 'points' : '0';
         }
-        if ($price_raw !== '' && is_numeric($price_raw)) {
-            $meta['price'] = max(0, (float) $price_raw);
+        if ($price_raw !== '') {
+            try {
+                $meta['price'] = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($price_raw)->decimal();
+            } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+                return;
+            }
         }
-        if ($points_raw !== '' && is_numeric($points_raw)) {
-            $meta['points_price'] = max(0, (int) $points_raw);
+        if ($points_raw !== '') {
+            if (!preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)$/', $points_raw)) {
+                return;
+            }
+            $meta['points_price'] = (int) $points_raw;
         }
         if ($virtual_raw !== '' && is_numeric($virtual_raw)) {
             $meta['virtual_sales'] = max(0, (int) $virtual_raw);
@@ -695,7 +702,13 @@ class PostMetaBox {
         $meta = DomainModel::sanitize_pay_meta($meta);
         update_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::PAY_META_KEY, $meta);
         update_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_KEY, (string) ($meta['pay_type'] ?? DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_NO));
-        update_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::PAY_PRICE_KEY, (float) ($meta['price'] ?? 0));
+        update_post_meta(
+            $post_id,
+            DomainModel::PAY_PRICE_KEY,
+            ($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '0') === 'points'
+                ? (int) ($meta['points_price'] ?? 0)
+                : (string) ($meta['price'] ?? '0.00')
+        );
         if (class_exists('AKSRT\\Core\\DomainModel') && method_exists('AKSRT\\Core\\DomainModel', 'is_resource_pay_type')) {
             update_post_meta(
                 $post_id,
diff --git a/src/Core/ResourceMetaBox.php b/src/Core/ResourceMetaBox.php
index 40486f2b..972f0dce 100644
--- a/src/Core/ResourceMetaBox.php
+++ b/src/Core/ResourceMetaBox.php
@@ -456,18 +456,11 @@ class ResourceMetaBox {
         if ($pay_modo !== 'points') {
             $pay_modo = '0';
         }
-        $price = max(0, (float) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_price'] ?? 0));
+        $price = trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_pay_price'] ?? '0'));
         $points_price = max(0, (int) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_points_price'] ?? 0));
-        // Keep legacy single-price editors usable: if points field empty and modo points, mirror price.
-        if ($pay_modo === 'points' && $points_price <= 0 && $price > 0) {
-            $points_price = (int) ceil($price);
-        }
-        if ($pay_modo !== 'points' && $price <= 0 && $points_price > 0) {
-            $price = (float) $points_price;
-        }
-        $original_price = max(0, (float) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_original_price'] ?? 0));
-        $vip1_price = max(0, (float) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_vip1_price'] ?? 0));
-        $vip2_price = max(0, (float) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_vip2_price'] ?? 0));
+        $original_price = trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_pay_original_price'] ?? '0'));
+        $vip1_price = trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_pay_vip1_price'] ?? '0'));
+        $vip2_price = trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_pay_vip2_price'] ?? '0'));
         $vip1_points = max(0, (int) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_vip1_points'] ?? 0));
         $vip2_points = max(0, (int) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_vip2_points'] ?? 0));
         $pay_limit = (int) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_limit'] ?? 0);
@@ -527,10 +520,10 @@ class ResourceMetaBox {
             'card_keys'       => isset($_POST['aksrt_pay_card_keys']) ? array_filter(array_map('trim', explode("\n", (string) $_POST['aksrt_pay_card_keys']))) : [],
             'free_preview'    => $_POST['aksrt_pay_free_preview'] ?? '',
             'show_sales'      => !empty($_POST['aksrt_pay_show_sales']),
-            'download_limit_over_price' => max(0, (float) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_limit_over_price'] ?? 0)),
+            'download_limit_over_price' => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_pay_limit_over_price'] ?? '0')),
             'coupon_s'            => !empty($_POST['aksrt_pay_coupon_s']),
             'coupon_desc'         => (string) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_coupon_desc'] ?? ''),
-            'pay_rebate_discount' => max(0, (float) ($_POST['aksrt_pay_rebate_discount'] ?? 0)),
+            'pay_rebate_discount' => trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_pay_rebate_discount'] ?? '0')),
         ]);
 
         update_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::PAY_META_KEY, $pay_meta);
@@ -538,8 +531,8 @@ class ResourceMetaBox {
         // 同步标量字段用于查询（模仿 legacy 的 aksrtpay_type 同步）
         update_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::PAY_TYPE_KEY, (string) $pay_meta['pay_type']);
         $query_price = ($pay_meta['pay_modo'] === 'points')
-            ? (float) $pay_meta['points_price']
-            : (float) $pay_meta['price'];
+            ? (int) $pay_meta['points_price']
+            : (string) $pay_meta['price'];
         update_post_meta($post_id, DomainModel::PAY_PRICE_KEY, $query_price);
         update_post_meta($post_id, '_aksrt_pay_modo', (string) $pay_meta['pay_modo']);
         update_post_meta($post_id, '_aksrt_pay_limit', (int) $pay_meta['pay_limit']);
diff --git a/src/Core/ScriptsPart1b.php b/src/Core/ScriptsPart1b.php
index ff8b0074..4849e8db 100644
--- a/src/Core/ScriptsPart1b.php
+++ b/src/Core/ScriptsPart1b.php
@@ -143,8 +143,7 @@ trait ScriptsPart1b {
             && class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')
             && \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::credits_enabled();
         $balance_on = is_user_logged_in()
-            && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')
-            && \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled();
+			&& !empty(\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings()['enabled']);
         $affiliate_on = is_user_logged_in()
             && class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Settings\\Settings')
             && !empty(\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_affiliate_settings()['enabled']);
@@ -656,7 +655,7 @@ trait ScriptsPart1b {
             wp_enqueue_script(
                 'aksrt-cms-download',
                 $base_uri . '/assets/js/cms-download.js',
-				['loader_js', 'aksrt-runtime'],
+				['loader_js', 'aksrt-runtime', 'aksrt-core-request'],
                 file_exists($cms_download_js_path) ? (string) filemtime($cms_download_js_path) : $version,
                 true
             );
@@ -709,7 +708,7 @@ trait ScriptsPart1b {
                 wp_enqueue_script(
                     'aksrt-credits',
                     $base_uri . '/assets/js/credits.js',
-					['loader_js', 'aksrt-lazy-image-attr', 'aksrt-core-modal-runtime', 'aksrt-vip-coordinator', 'aksrt-notyf'],
+					['loader_js', 'aksrt-lazy-image-attr', 'aksrt-core-request', 'aksrt-core-modal-runtime', 'aksrt-vip-coordinator', 'aksrt-notyf'],
                     file_exists($credits_js_path) ? (string) filemtime($credits_js_path) : $version,
                     true
                 );
diff --git a/src/Core/ScriptsPart1c.php b/src/Core/ScriptsPart1c.php
index 638322c5..53dc6dcc 100644
--- a/src/Core/ScriptsPart1c.php
+++ b/src/Core/ScriptsPart1c.php
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ trait ScriptsPart1c {
             wp_enqueue_script(
                 'aksrt-reward',
                 $base_uri . '/assets/js/reward.js',
-				['loader_js'],
+				['loader_js', 'aksrt-core-request'],
                 (string) filemtime($reward_js),
                 true
             );
diff --git a/src/Core/Setup.php b/src/Core/Setup.php
index 4ac11cf0..74c370e4 100644
--- a/src/Core/Setup.php
+++ b/src/Core/Setup.php
@@ -161,11 +161,11 @@ class Setup {
                             'enum' => array_keys(DomainModel::pay_type_labels()),
                         ],
                         'pay_modo' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['0', 'points']],
-                        'price' => ['type' => 'number'],
+                        'price' => ['type' => 'string', 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
                         'points_price' => ['type' => 'integer'],
-                        'original_price' => ['type' => 'number'],
-                        'vip1_price' => ['type' => 'number'],
-                        'vip2_price' => ['type' => 'number'],
+                        'original_price' => ['type' => 'string', 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
+                        'vip1_price' => ['type' => 'string', 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
+                        'vip2_price' => ['type' => 'string', 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
                         'vip1_points' => ['type' => 'integer'],
                         'vip2_points' => ['type' => 'integer'],
                         'pay_limit' => ['type' => 'integer', 'enum' => [0, 1, 2]],
@@ -221,13 +221,23 @@ class Setup {
         ]);
 
         register_post_meta('post', DomainModel::PAY_PRICE_KEY, [
-            'type'              => 'number',
+            'type'              => 'string',
             'description'       => 'Query-friendly paid content price.',
             'single'            => true,
-            'default'           => 0,
+            'default'           => '0.00',
             'show_in_rest'      => true,
-            'sanitize_callback' => static function ($value) {
-                return max(0, (float) $value);
+            'sanitize_callback' => static function ($value): string {
+                if (is_int($value)) {
+                    return (string) max(0, $value);
+                }
+                if (!is_string($value)) {
+                    return '0.00';
+                }
+                try {
+                    return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+                } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+                    return '0.00';
+                }
             },
             'auth_callback'     => $post_edit_auth,
         ]);
diff --git a/src/Credits/Balance.php b/src/Credits/Balance.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 23c302d8..00000000
--- a/src/Credits/Balance.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,379 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-/**
- * @package AKSRT
- */
-
-namespace AKSRT\Credits;
-
-defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
-
-class Balance {
-
-	public const META_KEY = 'aksrt_balance';
-
-	/**
-	 * Current cash balance (yuan).
-	 */
-	public static function balance(int $user_id): float {
-		if ($user_id <= 0) {
-			return 0.0;
-		}
-		$val = get_user_meta($user_id, self::META_KEY, true);
-		return is_numeric($val) ? round((float) $val, 2) : 0.0;
-	}
-
-	public static function get_balance(int $user_id): float {
-		return self::balance($user_id);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Credit cash wallet.
-	 *
-	 * @param array<string,mixed> $ref
-	 * @return float|\WP_Error New balance.
-	 */
-	public static function add(int $user_id, float $delta, string $reason, array $ref = [], string $remark = '', bool $dispatch_hooks = true) {
-		if ($user_id <= 0) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_user', __('用户无效', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-		$delta = round((float) $delta, 2);
-		if ($delta <= 0) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_delta', __('增加余额必须为正数', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-
-		$new = self::atomic_update($user_id, $delta, false);
-		if ($new === null) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_db', __('余额写入失败', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-		self::log($user_id, $delta, $new, $reason, $ref, $remark);
-		if ($dispatch_hooks) {
-			do_action('aksrt_balance_added', $user_id, $delta, $reason, $new);
-		}
-		return $new;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Debit cash wallet.
-	 *
-	 * @param array<string,mixed> $ref
-	 * @return float|\WP_Error New balance.
-	 */
-	public static function deduct(int $user_id, float $cost, string $reason, array $ref = [], string $remark = '') {
-		if ($user_id <= 0) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_user', __('用户无效', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-		$cost = round((float) $cost, 2);
-		if ($cost < 0) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_delta', __('扣减余额必须为非负数', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-		if ($cost === 0.0) {
-			return self::balance($user_id);
-		}
-
-		$new = self::atomic_update($user_id, $cost, true);
-		if ($new === null) {
-			$current = self::balance($user_id);
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_insufficient', __('余额不足', 'aksrt'), [
-				'balance' => $current,
-				'cost'    => $cost,
-			]);
-		}
-		self::log($user_id, -$cost, $new, $reason, $ref, $remark);
-		do_action('aksrt_balance_deducted', $user_id, $cost, $reason, $new);
-		return $new;
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @return float|null
-	 */
-	private static function atomic_update(int $user_id, float $abs_delta, bool $is_deduct) {
-		global $wpdb;
-
-		$abs_delta = round(abs($abs_delta), 2);
-		$meta_key  = self::META_KEY;
-		$table     = $wpdb->usermeta;
-
-		// Ensure meta row exists.
-		$exists = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-			"SELECT umeta_id FROM {$table} WHERE user_id = %d AND meta_key = %s LIMIT 1",
-			$user_id,
-			$meta_key
-		));
-		if (!$exists) {
-			add_user_meta($user_id, $meta_key, '0', true);
-		}
-
-		if ($is_deduct) {
-			// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.InterpolatedNotPrepared
-			$updated = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
-				"UPDATE {$table}
-				 SET meta_value = CAST(ROUND(CAST(meta_value AS DECIMAL(18,2)) - %f, 2) AS CHAR)
-				 WHERE user_id = %d AND meta_key = %s
-				   AND CAST(meta_value AS DECIMAL(18,2)) >= %f",
-				$abs_delta,
-				$user_id,
-				$meta_key,
-				$abs_delta
-			));
-		} else {
-			// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.InterpolatedNotPrepared
-			$updated = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
-				"UPDATE {$table}
-				 SET meta_value = CAST(ROUND(CAST(meta_value AS DECIMAL(18,2)) + %f, 2) AS CHAR)
-				 WHERE user_id = %d AND meta_key = %s",
-				$abs_delta,
-				$user_id,
-				$meta_key
-			));
-		}
-
-		if ($updated !== 1) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		wp_cache_delete($user_id, 'user_meta');
-		return self::balance($user_id);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @param array<string,mixed> $ref
-	 */
-	public static function log(int $user_id, float $delta, float $balance_after, string $reason, array $ref = [], string $remark = ''): void {
-		global $wpdb;
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator')) {
-			return;
-		}
-		$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('balance_log');
-		if ($table === '') {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		$ip = '';
-		if (!empty($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
-			$ip = sanitize_text_field(wp_unslash((string) $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']));
-		}
-		$ua = '';
-		if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])) {
-			$ua = substr(sanitize_text_field(wp_unslash((string) $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])), 0, 255);
-		}
-
-		// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.DirectDatabaseQuery.DirectQuery
-		$wpdb->insert(
-			$table,
-			[
-				'user_id'       => $user_id,
-				'delta'         => round($delta, 2),
-				'balance_after' => round($balance_after, 2),
-				'reason'        => sanitize_key(substr($reason, 0, 64)),
-				'remark'        => $remark !== '' ? sanitize_text_field(substr($remark, 0, 255)) : null,
-				'ref_type'      => isset($ref['type']) ? sanitize_key((string) $ref['type']) : null,
-				'ref_id'        => isset($ref['id']) ? (int) $ref['id'] : (isset($ref['ref_id']) ? (int) $ref['ref_id'] : null),
-				'ip'            => $ip !== '' ? $ip : null,
-				'ua'            => $ua !== '' ? $ua : null,
-				'created_at'    => current_time('mysql', true),
-			],
-			['%d', '%f', '%f', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%s', '%s', '%s']
-		);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * @param array<string,mixed> $args
-	 * @return array{items:array<int,array<string,mixed>>,total:int}
-	 */
-	public static function get_log(array $args = []): array {
-		global $wpdb;
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator')) {
-			return ['items' => [], 'total' => 0];
-		}
-		$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('balance_log');
-		if ($table === '') {
-			return ['items' => [], 'total' => 0];
-		}
-
-		$user_id  = max(0, (int) ($args['user_id'] ?? 0));
-		$page     = max(1, (int) ($args['page'] ?? 1));
-		$per_page = max(1, min(50, (int) ($args['per_page'] ?? 10)));
-		$offset   = ($page - 1) * $per_page;
-
-		$where  = '1=1';
-		$params = [];
-		if ($user_id > 0) {
-			$where   .= ' AND user_id = %d';
-			$params[] = $user_id;
-		}
-
-		// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.InterpolatedNotPrepared
-		$total_sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$table} WHERE {$where}";
-		// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared
-		$total = (int) ($params ? $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare($total_sql, $params)) : $wpdb->get_var($total_sql));
-
-		// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.InterpolatedNotPrepared
-		$list_sql = "SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE {$where} ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d";
-		$list_params = array_merge($params, [$per_page, $offset]);
-		// phpcs:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared
-		$rows = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare($list_sql, $list_params), ARRAY_A);
-		if (!is_array($rows)) {
-			$rows = [];
-		}
-
-		$items = [];
-		foreach ($rows as $row) {
-			$items[] = [
-				'id'            => (int) ($row['id'] ?? 0),
-				'user_id'       => (int) ($row['user_id'] ?? 0),
-				'delta'         => round((float) ($row['delta'] ?? 0), 2),
-				'balance_after' => round((float) ($row['balance_after'] ?? 0), 2),
-				'reason'        => (string) ($row['reason'] ?? ''),
-				'remark'        => (string) ($row['remark'] ?? ''),
-				'created_at'    => (string) ($row['created_at'] ?? ''),
-			];
-		}
-
-		return ['items' => $items, 'total' => $total];
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Whether cash wallet feature is enabled (legacy pay_balance_s).
-	 */
-	public static function enabled(): bool {
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')) {
-			return false;
-		}
-		if (method_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings', 'get_payment_recharge_settings')) {
-			$cfg = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings();
-			return !empty($cfg['enabled']);
-		}
-		return !empty(\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_all()['pay_balance_s']);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Atomically transfer cash balance between two users.
-	 *
-	 * @param array<string,mixed> $ref
-	 * @return array{sender_balance:float,recipient_balance:float}|\WP_Error
-	 */
-	public static function transfer(int $sender_id, int $recipient_id, float $amount, string $reason_out = 'tip_sent', string $reason_in = 'tip_received', array $ref = [], string $remark = '') {
-		global $wpdb;
-
-		$amount = round($amount, 2);
-		if ($sender_id <= 0 || $recipient_id <= 0 || $sender_id === $recipient_id) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_transfer_user', __('转账用户无效', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-		if ($amount <= 0) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_transfer_amount', __('转账金额必须大于零', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator')) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_transfer_unavailable', __('余额服务不可用', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-
-		foreach ([$sender_id, $recipient_id] as $user_id) {
-			if (!metadata_exists('user', $user_id, self::META_KEY)) {
-				add_user_meta($user_id, self::META_KEY, '0', true);
-			}
-		}
-
-		$meta_table = $wpdb->usermeta;
-		$log_table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('balance_log');
-		$locked_ids = [$sender_id, $recipient_id];
-		sort($locked_ids, SORT_NUMERIC);
-
-		$wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION');
-		try {
-			foreach ($locked_ids as $user_id) {
-				$wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-					"SELECT umeta_id FROM {$meta_table} WHERE user_id = %d AND meta_key = %s FOR UPDATE",
-					$user_id,
-					self::META_KEY
-				));
-			}
-
-			$sender_before = (float) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-				"SELECT meta_value FROM {$meta_table} WHERE user_id = %d AND meta_key = %s LIMIT 1",
-				$sender_id,
-				self::META_KEY
-			));
-			if ($sender_before < $amount) {
-				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_insufficient', __('余额不足', 'aksrt'));
-			}
-
-			$sender_after = round($sender_before - $amount, 2);
-			$recipient_before = (float) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-				"SELECT meta_value FROM {$meta_table} WHERE user_id = %d AND meta_key = %s LIMIT 1",
-				$recipient_id,
-				self::META_KEY
-			));
-			$recipient_after = round($recipient_before + $amount, 2);
-
-			$sender_updated = $wpdb->update($meta_table, ['meta_value' => (string) $sender_after], ['user_id' => $sender_id, 'meta_key' => self::META_KEY], ['%s'], ['%d', '%s']);
-			$recipient_updated = $wpdb->update($meta_table, ['meta_value' => (string) $recipient_after], ['user_id' => $recipient_id, 'meta_key' => self::META_KEY], ['%s'], ['%d', '%s']);
-			if ($sender_updated !== 1 || $recipient_updated !== 1) {
-				throw new \RuntimeException('balance_update_failed');
-			}
-
-			$ref_type = isset($ref['type']) ? sanitize_key((string) $ref['type']) : 'tip';
-			$ref_id = isset($ref['id']) ? (int) $ref['id'] : null;
-			$created_at = current_time('mysql', true);
-			$log_rows = [
-				[$sender_id, -$amount, $sender_after, $reason_out],
-				[$recipient_id, $amount, $recipient_after, $reason_in],
-			];
-			foreach ($log_rows as [$user_id, $delta, $balance_after, $reason]) {
-				$inserted = $wpdb->insert($log_table, [
-					'user_id' => $user_id,
-					'delta' => $delta,
-					'balance_after' => $balance_after,
-					'reason' => sanitize_key($reason),
-					'remark' => $remark !== '' ? sanitize_text_field(substr($remark, 0, 255)) : null,
-					'ref_type' => $ref_type,
-					'ref_id' => $ref_id,
-					'created_at' => $created_at,
-				], ['%d', '%f', '%f', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%s']);
-				if ($inserted !== 1) {
-					throw new \RuntimeException('balance_log_failed');
-				}
-			}
-
-			$wpdb->query('COMMIT');
-			wp_cache_delete($sender_id, 'user_meta');
-			wp_cache_delete($recipient_id, 'user_meta');
-			do_action('aksrt_balance_transferred', $sender_id, $recipient_id, $amount, $ref);
-			return ['sender_balance' => $sender_after, 'recipient_balance' => $recipient_after];
-		} catch (\Throwable $e) {
-			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_transfer_failed', __('打赏入账失败，请稍后重试', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Format yuan for display.
-	 */
-	public static function format(float $amount): string {
-		return number_format_i18n(round($amount, 2), 2);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Reason label for ledger UI.
-	 */
-	public static function reason_label(string $reason): string {
-		$map = [
-			'card_pass_balance' => __('卡密充值', 'aksrt'),
-			'order_payment'     => __('订单支付', 'aksrt'),
-			'order_refund'      => __('订单退款', 'aksrt'),
-			'recharge'          => __('余额充值', 'aksrt'),
-			'transfer_in'       => __('转入', 'aksrt'),
-			'transfer_out'      => __('转出', 'aksrt'),
-			'tip_sent'          => __('打赏支出', 'aksrt'),
-			'tip_received'      => __('收到打赏', 'aksrt'),
-			'admin'             => __('管理员调整', 'aksrt'),
-			'points_exchange_out' => __('余额兑换积分', 'aksrt'),
-			'points_exchange_refund' => __('余额兑换积分退款', 'aksrt'),
-			'creator_income'   => __('创作收益结算', 'aksrt'),
-			'rebate'            => __('推广返佣结算', 'aksrt'),
-			'withdraw_hold'     => __('提现冻结', 'aksrt'),
-			'withdraw_refund'   => __('提现退回', 'aksrt'),
-		];
-		$key = sanitize_key($reason);
-		return $map[$key] ?? ($reason !== '' ? $reason : __('余额变动', 'aksrt'));
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/Credits/BalanceService.php b/src/Credits/BalanceService.php
index 9e3198a7..4f49c759 100644
--- a/src/Credits/BalanceService.php
+++ b/src/Credits/BalanceService.php
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ class BalanceService {
 
 	public function init(): void {
 		add_action('rest_api_init', [$this, 'register_routes']);
-		add_action('aksrt_order_paid', [$this, 'on_order_paid'], 20, 2);
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/src/Credits/BalanceServiceCharge.php b/src/Credits/BalanceServiceCharge.php
index c6d84b28..098c2c8f 100644
--- a/src/Credits/BalanceServiceCharge.php
+++ b/src/Credits/BalanceServiceCharge.php
@@ -12,93 +12,96 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 
 
 	/**
-	 * When a recharge order is paid, credit the wallet.
+	 * Atomically confirms a recharge order and credits its cash account.
 	 *
-	 * @param string               $order_number Order number.
-	 * @param array<string,mixed>  $order        Order row.
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $order
 	 */
-	public function on_order_paid(string $order_number, array $order = []): void {
-		if ($order === [] && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository')) {
-			$order = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->get($order_number) ?: [];
-		}
-		if (!$order) {
-			return;
-		}
-		$type = sanitize_key((string) ($order['product_type'] ?? ''));
+	public function complete_recharge_payment(array $order, string $payment_method, string $provider_transaction_id, string $status_note = ''): bool {
+		$order_number = sanitize_text_field((string) ($order['order_number'] ?? ''));
 		$user_id = (int) ($order['user_id'] ?? 0);
-		if ($user_id <= 0) {
-			return;
-		}
-
-		if ($type !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE) {
-			return;
-		}
-		if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance')) {
-			return;
-		}
-		// Honor pay_auto_to_balance (default on). When off, leave order paid without wallet credit.
-		if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') && method_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings', 'get_payment_recharge_settings')) {
-			$recharge_cfg = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings();
-			if (isset($recharge_cfg['auto_to_balance']) && empty($recharge_cfg['auto_to_balance'])) {
-				return;
-			}
+		if ($order_number === '' || $user_id <= 0 || sanitize_key((string) ($order['product_type'] ?? '')) !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE) {
+			return false;
 		}
 		$note = json_decode((string) ($order['note'] ?? ''), true);
-		if (!is_array($note)) {
-			$note = [];
+		$note = is_array($note) ? $note : [];
+		if (!isset($note['credit_amount']) || !is_string($note['credit_amount'])) {
+			return false;
 		}
-		if (!empty($note['balance_credited'])) {
-			return;
+		$amount_raw = $note['credit_amount'];
+		try {
+			$credit = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($amount_raw);
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return false;
 		}
-		$credit_amount = isset($note['credit_amount'])
-			? round((float) $note['credit_amount'], 2)
-			: round((float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0), 2);
-		if ($credit_amount <= 0) {
-			return;
+		if ($credit->minor() <= 0) {
+			return false;
 		}
-		global $wpdb;
-		if ($wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION') === false) {
-			return;
-		}
-		$result = Balance::add(
+		$payment_method = sanitize_key($payment_method);
+		$provider_transaction_id = sanitize_text_field($provider_transaction_id);
+		$locked_status = '';
+		$locked_note = [];
+		$guard = function () use ($order_number, $user_id, &$locked_status, &$locked_note) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('order');
+			$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE order_number = %s FOR UPDATE", $order_number), ARRAY_A);
+			if (!is_array($current)
+				|| (int) ($current['user_id'] ?? 0) !== $user_id
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($current['product_type'] ?? '')) !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE
+				|| !in_array((string) ($current['status'] ?? ''), [\AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_CREATED, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING], true)
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单状态确认失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			$locked_status = (string) $current['status'];
+			$decoded = json_decode((string) ($current['note'] ?? ''), true);
+			$locked_note = is_array($decoded) ? $decoded : [];
+			return true;
+		};
+		$mutation = function () use ($order_number, $payment_method, $provider_transaction_id, $status_note, $credit, &$locked_status, &$locked_note) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('order');
+			$locked_note['ledger_credited'] = 1;
+			$locked_note['credited_amount'] = $credit->decimal();
+			if ($status_note !== '') {
+				$locked_note['status_note'] = sanitize_textarea_field($status_note);
+			}
+			$now = current_time('mysql');
+			$updated = $wpdb->update($table, [
+				'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED,
+				'payment_method' => $payment_method,
+				'payment_transaction_id' => $provider_transaction_id,
+				'paid_at' => $now,
+				'completed_at' => $now,
+				'note' => wp_json_encode($locked_note, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES),
+			], ['order_number' => $order_number, 'status' => $locked_status], ['%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s'], ['%s', '%s']);
+			return $updated === 1 ? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单状态确认失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		};
+		$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->credit(
 			$user_id,
-			$credit_amount,
+			\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE,
+			$credit->minor(),
+			\AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('recharge', [$order_number]),
 			'recharge',
 			['type' => 'order', 'order' => $order_number],
 			sprintf(__('余额充值订单 %s', 'aksrt'), $order_number),
-			false
+			$user_id,
+			['payment_method' => $payment_method, 'provider_transaction_id' => $provider_transaction_id],
+			$mutation,
+			$guard
 		);
 		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-			return;
+			return false;
 		}
-		$note['balance_credited'] = 1;
-		$note['credited_amount']  = $credit_amount;
-		$updated = $wpdb->update(
-			$wpdb->prefix . 'aksrt_order',
-			['note' => wp_json_encode($note, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES)],
-			['order_number' => $order_number],
-			['%s'],
-			['%s']
-		);
-		if ($updated === false) {
-			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-			wp_cache_delete($user_id, 'user_meta');
-			return;
-		}
-		if ($wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
-			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-			wp_cache_delete($user_id, 'user_meta');
-			return;
-		}
-		do_action('aksrt_balance_added', $user_id, $credit_amount, 'recharge', (float) $result);
-		if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository')) {
-			\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->update_status(
-				$order_number,
-				\AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED,
-				['note' => __('充值金额已到账。', 'aksrt')]
-			);
+		if (!$result->replayed) {
+			$paid_order = array_merge($order, [
+				'status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID,
+				'payment_method' => $payment_method,
+				'payment_transaction_id' => $provider_transaction_id,
+			]);
+			do_action('aksrt_order_status_changed', $order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID, $paid_order);
+			do_action('aksrt_order_paid', $order_number, $paid_order);
+			do_action('aksrt_order_status_changed', $order_number, \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED, array_merge($paid_order, ['status' => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED]));
 		}
+		return true;
 	}
 
 
@@ -125,7 +128,7 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 		return [
 			'enabled'       => !empty($cfg['enabled']),
 			'desc'          => (string) ($cfg['desc'] ?? ''),
-			'wallet'        => class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance') ? Balance::balance($user_id) : 0.0,
+			'wallet'        => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
 			'packages'      => $packages,
 			'custom_s'      => $custom_s,
 			'custom_limit'  => $custom_limit,
@@ -143,7 +146,7 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 
 
 	/**
-	 * @return array<int,array{key:string,price:float,pay_price:float,title:string,tag:string}>
+	 * @return array<int,array{key:string,price:string,pay_price:string,title:string,tag:string}>
 	 */
 	public function parse_packages(string $raw): array {
 		$out = [];
@@ -154,23 +157,25 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 			if ($line === '') {
 				continue;
 			}
-			// pay|credit|title  OR  credit|pay|title  — legacy uses price(credit)|pay_price|tag
-			// Admin help: 支付金额|到账金额|标题
 			$parts = array_map('trim', explode('|', $line));
 			if (count($parts) < 2) {
 				continue;
 			}
-			$pay    = (float) $parts[0];
-			$credit = (float) $parts[1];
+			try {
+				$pay = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) $parts[0]);
+				$credit = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) $parts[1]);
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				continue;
+			}
 			$title  = $parts[2] ?? '';
-			if ($pay <= 0 || $credit <= 0) {
+			if ($pay->minor() <= 0 || $credit->minor() <= 0) {
 				continue;
 			}
 			$out[] = [
 				'key'       => (string) $i,
-				'pay_price' => round($pay, 2),
-				'price'     => round($credit, 2),
-				'title'     => $title !== '' ? $title : sprintf(__('充值 %s 元', 'aksrt'), (string) $credit),
+				'pay_price' => $pay->decimal(),
+				'price'     => $credit->decimal(),
+				'title'     => $title !== '' ? $title : sprintf(__('充值 %s 元', 'aksrt'), $credit->decimal()),
 				'tag'       => $title,
 			];
 			$i++;
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 	/**
 	 * @return array<string,mixed>|\WP_Error
 	 */
-	public function create_charge_order(int $user_id, string $package_key, float $custom_price, string $payment_method) {
+	public function create_charge_order(int $user_id, string $package_key, string $custom_price, string $payment_method, string $operation_key) {
 		if ($user_id <= 0) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_need_login', __('请先登录', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
 		}
@@ -191,23 +196,26 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_pay_unavailable', __('订单系统不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
 		}
 		$view = $this->get_charge_view($user_id);
-		$credit_amount = 0.0;
-		$pay_amount    = 0.0;
+		$credit_amount = null;
+		$pay_amount = null;
 		$title         = __('余额充值', 'aksrt');
 
 		if ($package_key === 'custom' || $package_key === '') {
 			if (empty($view['custom_s'])) {
 				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_custom_closed', __('未开放自定义金额', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 			}
-			$custom_price = round($custom_price, 2);
-			$min = 1.0;
-			$max = (float) $view['custom_limit'];
-			if ($custom_price < $min || $custom_price > $max) {
-				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_custom_limit', sprintf(__('充值金额需在 %s ~ %s 之间', 'aksrt'), (string) $min, (string) $max), ['status' => 400]);
+			try {
+				$custom_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($custom_price);
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_invalid_price', __('金额格式无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 			}
-			$pay_amount    = $custom_price;
-			$credit_amount = $custom_price;
-			$title         = sprintf(__('自定义充值 %s 元', 'aksrt'), (string) $custom_price);
+			$max = max(1, (int) $view['custom_limit']);
+			if ($custom_amount->minor() < 100 || $custom_amount->minor() > $max * 100) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_custom_limit', sprintf(__('充值金额需在 1 ~ %d 之间', 'aksrt'), $max), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			$pay_amount = $custom_amount;
+			$credit_amount = $custom_amount;
+			$title = sprintf(__('自定义充值 %s 元', 'aksrt'), $custom_amount->decimal());
 			$package_key   = 'custom';
 		} else {
 			$found = null;
@@ -220,14 +228,24 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 			if (!$found) {
 				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_invalid_package', __('充值套餐无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 			}
-			$pay_amount    = (float) $found['pay_price'];
-			$credit_amount = (float) $found['price'];
+			try {
+				$pay_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) $found['pay_price']);
+				$credit_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) $found['price']);
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_invalid_package', __('充值套餐金额无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
 			$title         = (string) $found['title'];
 		}
 
-		if ($pay_amount <= 0 || $credit_amount <= 0) {
+		if (!($pay_amount instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount)
+			|| !($credit_amount instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount)
+			|| $pay_amount->minor() <= 0
+			|| $credit_amount->minor() <= 0
+		) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_invalid_price', __('金额无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
+		$pay_decimal = $pay_amount->decimal();
+		$credit_decimal = $credit_amount->decimal();
 
 		$payment_method = sanitize_key($payment_method);
 		if ($payment_method === '' || $payment_method === 'balance') {
@@ -239,22 +257,46 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 		$note = wp_json_encode([
 			'balance_recharge' => 1,
 			'package'          => $package_key,
-			'credit_amount'    => $credit_amount,
-			'pay_amount'       => $pay_amount,
+			'credit_amount'    => $credit_decimal,
+			'pay_amount'       => $pay_decimal,
 			'title'            => $title,
 		], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 
-		$order_number = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance()->create([
+		$repo = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance();
+		$existing = $repo->get_by_request_key($operation_key);
+		if (is_array($existing)) {
+			$existing_note = json_decode((string) ($existing['note'] ?? ''), true);
+			$existing_note = is_array($existing_note) ? $existing_note : [];
+			$existing_credit = isset($existing_note['credit_amount']) && is_string($existing_note['credit_amount'])
+				? $existing_note['credit_amount']
+				: '';
+			$existing_pay = isset($existing_note['pay_amount']) && is_string($existing_note['pay_amount'])
+				? $existing_note['pay_amount']
+				: '';
+			$same = (int) ($existing['user_id'] ?? 0) === $user_id
+				&& sanitize_key((string) ($existing['product_type'] ?? '')) === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE
+				&& sanitize_key((string) ($existing['payment_method'] ?? '')) === $payment_method
+				&& (string) ($existing_note['package'] ?? '') === $package_key
+				&& hash_equals($existing_credit, $credit_decimal)
+				&& hash_equals($existing_pay, $pay_decimal);
+			if (!$same) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他充值请求', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			$order_number = (string) $existing['order_number'];
+		} else {
+			$order_number = $repo->create([
 			'user_id'        => $user_id,
 			'product_type'   => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE,
 			'product_id'     => 0,
-			'amount'         => $pay_amount,
+			'amount'         => $pay_decimal,
 			'currency'       => 'CNY',
 			'status'         => \AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PENDING,
 			'payment_method' => $payment_method,
 			'note'           => is_string($note) ? $note : '',
 			'expires_at'     => \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at(),
-		]);
+			'request_key'    => $operation_key,
+			]);
+		}
 		if ($order_number === '') {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
 		}
@@ -263,6 +305,28 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 		if (!$order) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
 		}
+		if (is_array($existing) && in_array((string) ($order['status'] ?? ''), [
+			\AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_PAID,
+			\AKSRT\Payment\Order::STATUS_COMPLETED,
+		], true)) {
+			$ledger_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('recharge', [$order_number]);
+			$history = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['operation_key' => $ledger_key, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 1]);
+			$transaction_id = (int) ($history['items'][0]['id'] ?? 0);
+			if ($transaction_id <= 0) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_recharge_state', __('充值订单与账本状态不一致', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			return [
+				'redirect' => false,
+				'order_number' => $order_number,
+				'amount' => $pay_decimal,
+				'credit_amount' => $credit_decimal,
+				'transaction_id' => $transaction_id,
+				'replayed' => true,
+				'wallet' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
+				'message' => __('充值成功', 'aksrt'),
+				'reload' => true,
+			];
+		}
 		$order['subject'] = $title;
 		$order['payment_method'] = $payment_method;
 
@@ -285,7 +349,7 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 			return new \WP_Error(
 				(string) ($payment_result['code'] ?? 'aksrt_pay_failed'),
 				(string) ($payment_result['message'] ?? __('支付失败', 'aksrt')),
-				['status' => 402, 'order_number' => $order_number]
+				['status' => (int) ($payment_result['status'] ?? 400), 'order_number' => $order_number]
 			);
 		}
 
@@ -295,23 +359,29 @@ trait BalanceServiceCharge {
 				'payment_url'   => (string) ($payment_result['payment_url'] ?? ''),
 				'qr_content'    => (string) ($payment_result['qr_content'] ?? ''),
 				'order_number'  => $order_number,
-				'amount'        => $pay_amount,
-				'credit_amount' => $credit_amount,
+				'amount'        => $pay_decimal,
+				'credit_amount' => $credit_decimal,
 				'message'       => $payment_result['message'],
 				'reload'        => false,
 				'poll'          => true,
+				'transaction_id' => 0,
+				'replayed'      => false,
+				'wallet'        => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
 			];
 		}
 
-		// Synchronous gateway: PaymentOrchestrator's paid transition already fired
-		// aksrt_order_paid, so fulfillment has run through the single hook path.
+		// The synchronous gateway has already committed the recharge and order state.
+		$ledger_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('recharge', [$order_number]);
+		$history = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['operation_key' => $ledger_key, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 1]);
 
 		return [
 			'redirect'      => false,
 			'order_number'  => $order_number,
-			'amount'        => $pay_amount,
-			'credit_amount' => $credit_amount,
-			'wallet'        => Balance::balance($user_id),
+			'amount'        => $pay_decimal,
+			'credit_amount' => $credit_decimal,
+			'transaction_id' => (int) ($history['items'][0]['id'] ?? 0),
+			'replayed'      => false,
+			'wallet'        => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
 			'message'       => __('充值成功', 'aksrt'),
 			'reload'        => true,
 		];
diff --git a/src/Credits/BalanceServiceRest.php b/src/Credits/BalanceServiceRest.php
index 4c066c9e..c0c4da80 100644
--- a/src/Credits/BalanceServiceRest.php
+++ b/src/Credits/BalanceServiceRest.php
@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 			[
 				'methods'             => \WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
 				'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_charge_options'],
-				'permission_callback' => static function () {
-					return is_user_logged_in();
-				},
+				'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_asset_rest'],
 			],
 			[
 				'methods'             => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
 				'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_charge_create'],
-				'permission_callback' => static function () {
-					return is_user_logged_in();
-				},
+				'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_asset_rest'],
+				'args' => [
+					'package' => ['type' => 'string', 'default' => 'custom', 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+					'custom_price' => ['type' => 'string', 'default' => '0', 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
+					'payment_method' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key'],
+				],
 			],
 		]);
 
@@ -33,9 +34,18 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 			[
 				'methods'             => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
 				'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_transfer'],
-				'permission_callback' => static function () {
-					return is_user_logged_in();
-				},
+				'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_asset_rest'],
+				'args' => [
+					'type' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'enum' => ['balance', 'points']],
+					'recipient' => ['type' => 'integer', 'required' => true, 'minimum' => 1],
+					'amount' => [
+						'required' => true,
+						'oneOf' => [
+							['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1],
+							['type' => 'string', 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
+						],
+					],
+				],
 			],
 		]);
 
@@ -43,9 +53,7 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 			[
 				'methods'             => \WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
 				'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_transfer_search'],
-				'permission_callback' => static function () {
-					return is_user_logged_in();
-				},
+				'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_asset_rest'],
 			],
 		]);
 
@@ -53,21 +61,30 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 			[
 				'methods'             => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
 				'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_exchange_balance_for_points'],
-				'permission_callback' => static function () {
-					return is_user_logged_in();
-				},
+				'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_asset_rest'],
+				'args' => ['amount' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$']],
 			],
 		]);
 
-		register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/pay/balance/withdraw', [
-			[
-				'methods'             => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
-				'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_balance_withdraw'],
-				'permission_callback' => static function () {
-					return is_user_logged_in();
-				},
-			],
-		]);
+	}
+
+	public function check_asset_rest(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_need_login', __('请先登录', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
+		}
+		$nonce = (string) $request->get_header('X-WP-Nonce');
+		if ($nonce === '' || !wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'wp_rest')) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_rest_nonce', __('安全验证失败，请刷新页面后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	private function balance_feature_enabled(): bool {
+		if (!class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Settings\\Settings')) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$cfg = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings();
+		return !empty($cfg['enabled']);
 	}
 
 
@@ -76,7 +93,7 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 	 * GET charge options (packages + methods + limits).
 	 */
 	public function rest_charge_options(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
-		if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance') || !Balance::enabled()) {
+		if (!$this->balance_feature_enabled()) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_disabled', __('余额功能未启用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
 		}
 		$user_id = get_current_user_id();
@@ -92,19 +109,23 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 	 * POST create recharge order and initiate payment.
 	 */
 	public function rest_charge_create(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
-		if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance') || !Balance::enabled()) {
+		if (!$this->balance_feature_enabled()) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_disabled', __('余额功能未启用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
 		}
 		$user_id = get_current_user_id();
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'recharge-create', $user_id);
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $operation_key;
+		}
 		$params  = $request->get_json_params();
 		if (!is_array($params)) {
 			$params = $request->get_params();
 		}
 		$package_key    = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['package'] ?? 'custom'));
-		$custom_price   = isset($params['custom_price']) ? (float) $params['custom_price'] : 0.0;
+		$custom_price   = isset($params['custom_price']) ? (string) $params['custom_price'] : '0';
 		$payment_method = sanitize_key((string) ($params['payment_method'] ?? 'alipay'));
 
-		$result = $this->create_charge_order($user_id, $package_key, $custom_price, $payment_method);
+		$result = $this->create_charge_order($user_id, $package_key, $custom_price, $payment_method, $operation_key);
 		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
 			return $result;
 		}
@@ -123,8 +144,12 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 		}
 		$type        = sanitize_key((string) ($params['type'] ?? 'balance'));
 		$recipient   = (int) ($params['recipient'] ?? 0);
-		$amount_raw  = $params['amount'] ?? $params['price'] ?? 0;
+		$amount_raw  = $params['amount'] ?? '';
 		$from_id     = get_current_user_id();
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'transfer', $from_id);
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $operation_key;
+		}
 
 		if (!in_array($type, ['balance', 'points'], true)) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_transfer_type', __('转账类型无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
@@ -147,45 +172,43 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 			if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities') && !\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities::user_can('balance_transfer', $from_id)) {
 				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_transfer_forbidden', __('当前账号无权转账余额', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
 			}
-			$amount = round((float) $amount_raw, 2);
-			if ($amount <= 0) {
+			try {
+				$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($amount_raw) ? $amount_raw : '');
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
 				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_transfer_amount', __('请输入有效金额', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 			}
-			if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance')) {
-				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_unavailable', __('余额系统不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-			}
-			$from_bal = Balance::balance($from_id);
-			if ($from_bal < $amount) {
-				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_insufficient', __('余额不足', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 402]);
+			if ($amount->minor() <= 0) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_transfer_amount', __('请输入有效金额', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 			}
 			$fee_rate = max(0, min(50, (int) ($cfg['transfer']['service_charge'] ?? 0)));
-			$credit   = $fee_rate > 0 ? round($amount * (100 - $fee_rate) / 100, 2) : $amount;
+			$fee_minor = $this->percentage_minor($amount->minor(), $fee_rate);
 
 			$from_user = wp_get_current_user();
 			$to_user   = get_userdata($recipient);
-			$deduct = Balance::deduct(
+			$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->transfer(
 				$from_id,
-				$amount,
-				'transfer_out',
-				['type' => 'user', 'id' => $recipient],
-				sprintf(__('转账给用户[%s]', 'aksrt'), $to_user ? $to_user->display_name : (string) $recipient)
-			);
-			if (is_wp_error($deduct)) {
-				return $deduct;
-			}
-			Balance::add(
 				$recipient,
-				$credit,
-				'transfer_in',
-				['type' => 'user', 'id' => $from_id],
-				sprintf(__('来自用户[%s]的转账', 'aksrt'), $from_user->display_name ?: (string) $from_id)
+				\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE,
+				$amount->minor(),
+				$fee_minor,
+				$operation_key,
+				'transfer',
+				['type' => 'user', 'id' => $recipient],
+				sprintf(__('转账给用户[%s]', 'aksrt'), $to_user ? $to_user->display_name : (string) $recipient),
+				sprintf(__('来自用户[%s]的转账', 'aksrt'), $from_user->display_name ?: (string) $from_id),
+				['fee_rate' => $fee_rate]
 			);
+			if (is_wp_error($result)) {
+				return $result;
+			}
 			return rest_ensure_response([
 				'success' => true,
 				'data'    => [
 					'message' => __('转账成功', 'aksrt'),
 					'reload'  => true,
-					'balance' => Balance::balance($from_id),
+					'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+					'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+					'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $result->balance($from_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE))->decimal(),
 				],
 			]);
 		}
@@ -201,57 +224,42 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 		if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities') && !\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities::user_can('points_transfer', $from_id)) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_transfer_forbidden', __('当前账号无权转账积分', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
 		}
-		if (filter_var($amount_raw, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT) === false || (int) $amount_raw <= 0) {
+		if (!is_int($amount_raw) || $amount_raw <= 0) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_transfer_amount', __('请输入有效积分', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
-		$amount = (int) $amount_raw;
+		$amount = $amount_raw;
 		$min_amount = max(1, (int) ($points_settings['points_transfer_min'] ?? 1));
 		if ($amount < $min_amount) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_transfer_minimum', sprintf(__('单笔转账至少需要 %d 积分', 'aksrt'), $min_amount), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
-		if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Credits')) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_unavailable', __('积分系统不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-		}
 		$fee_rate = max(0, min(50, (int) ($points_settings['points_service_charge'] ?? 0)));
-		$credit   = $fee_rate > 0 ? (int) floor($amount * (100 - $fee_rate) / 100) : $amount;
+		$fee = $this->percentage_minor($amount, $fee_rate);
 		$from_user = wp_get_current_user();
 		$to_user   = get_userdata($recipient);
-		$deduct = Credits::deduct(
+		$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->transfer(
 			$from_id,
-			$amount,
-			'transfer_out',
-			['type' => 'user', 'id' => $recipient],
-			sprintf(__('转账给用户[%s]', 'aksrt'), $to_user ? $to_user->display_name : (string) $recipient)
-		);
-		if (is_wp_error($deduct)) {
-			return $deduct;
-		}
-		$add = Credits::add(
 			$recipient,
-			$credit,
-			'transfer_in',
-			['type' => 'user', 'id' => $from_id],
-			sprintf(__('来自用户[%s]的转账', 'aksrt'), $from_user->display_name ?: (string) $from_id)
+			\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS,
+			$amount,
+			$fee,
+			$operation_key,
+			'transfer',
+			['type' => 'user', 'id' => $recipient],
+			sprintf(__('转账给用户[%s]', 'aksrt'), $to_user ? $to_user->display_name : (string) $recipient),
+			sprintf(__('来自用户[%s]的转账', 'aksrt'), $from_user->display_name ?: (string) $from_id),
+			['fee_rate' => $fee_rate]
 		);
-		if (is_wp_error($add)) {
-			$refund = Credits::add(
-				$from_id,
-				$amount,
-				'transfer_refund',
-				['type' => 'user', 'id' => $recipient],
-				__('收款积分入账失败，已退回转账积分', 'aksrt')
-			);
-			if (is_wp_error($refund)) {
-				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_transfer_recovery_failed', __('收款积分入账失败，转账积分退回失败，请联系管理员', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-			}
-			return $add;
+		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
+			return $result;
 		}
 		return rest_ensure_response([
 			'success' => true,
 			'data'    => [
 				'message' => __('转账成功', 'aksrt'),
 				'reload'  => true,
-				'balance' => Credits::balance($from_id),
+				'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+				'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+				'balance' => $result->balance($from_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS),
 			],
 		]);
 	}
@@ -289,11 +297,11 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 	 * Exchange integer cash-wallet balance for points.
 	 */
 	public function rest_exchange_balance_for_points(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
-		if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance') || !Balance::enabled()) {
+		if (!$this->balance_feature_enabled()) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_disabled', __('余额功能未启用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
 		}
-		if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Credits') || !class_exists('AKSRT\\Settings\\Settings') || !\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::credits_enabled()) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_disabled', __('积分功能未启用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+		if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Settings\\Settings') || !\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::credits_enabled()) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_points_disabled', __('积分功能未启用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
 		}
 		$cfg = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings();
 		$exchange = is_array($cfg['points_exchange'] ?? null) ? $cfg['points_exchange'] : [];
@@ -304,121 +312,95 @@ trait BalanceServiceRest {
 		if (!is_array($params)) {
 			$params = $request->get_params();
 		}
-		$raw_amount = $params['amount'] ?? 0;
-		if (filter_var($raw_amount, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT) === false || (int) $raw_amount <= 0) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_exchange_amount', __('兑换余额必须为正整数', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		$raw_amount = $params['amount'] ?? '';
+		try {
+			$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($raw_amount) ? $raw_amount : '');
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_exchange_amount', __('兑换余额格式无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		if ($amount->minor() <= 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_exchange_amount', __('兑换余额必须大于零', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
-		$amount = (int) $raw_amount;
 		$rate = max(1, (int) ($exchange['rate'] ?? 100));
 		$daily_max = max(1, (int) ($exchange['daily_max_points'] ?? 100000));
-		if ($amount > intdiv($daily_max, $rate)) {
+		$scaled = $this->multiply_non_negative($amount->minor(), $rate);
+		if (is_wp_error($scaled)) {
+			return $scaled;
+		}
+		if ($scaled % 100 !== 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_exchange_precision', __('该金额无法兑换为整数积分', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		$points = intdiv($scaled, 100);
+		if ($points > $daily_max) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_exchange_daily_limit', sprintf(__('今日购买积分上限为 %d', 'aksrt'), $daily_max), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
-		$points = $amount * $rate;
 		$min_points = max(1, (int) ($exchange['min_points'] ?? 100));
 		if ($points < $min_points) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_exchange_min', sprintf(__('单笔至少购买 %d 积分', 'aksrt'), $min_points), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
 		$user_id = get_current_user_id();
-		$today_points = $this->today_points_exchange_total($user_id);
-		if ($today_points + $points > $daily_max) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_exchange_daily_limit', sprintf(__('今日购买积分上限为 %d，当前还可购买 %d', 'aksrt'), $daily_max, max(0, $daily_max - $today_points)), ['status' => 400]);
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'points-exchange', $user_id);
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $operation_key;
 		}
-		try {
-			$exchange_ref = random_int(1, PHP_INT_MAX);
-		} catch (\Throwable $e) {
-			$exchange_ref = (int) round(microtime(true) * 1000000);
+		$site_now = current_datetime();
+		$start = (clone $site_now)->setTime(0, 0, 0);
+		$end = (clone $start)->modify('+1 day');
+		$utc = new \DateTimeZone('UTC');
+		$start_gmt = $start->setTimezone($utc)->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
+		$end_gmt = $end->setTimezone($utc)->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
+		$guard = static function () use ($user_id, $points, $daily_max, $start_gmt, $end_gmt) {
+			$used = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->sum_credits($user_id, 'points_exchange', $start_gmt, $end_gmt);
+			if ($used + $points > $daily_max) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_exchange_daily_limit', sprintf(__('今日购买积分上限为 %d，当前还可购买 %d', 'aksrt'), $daily_max, max(0, $daily_max - $used)), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		$business_mutation = static function () use ($user_id, $amount, $points, $operation_key) {
+			if (class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Payment\\CommissionLedger')) {
+				return \AKSRT\Payment\CommissionLedger::get_instance()->record_points_exchange($user_id, $amount->decimal(), $points, $operation_key);
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->exchange(
+			$user_id,
+			$amount->minor(),
+			$points,
+			$operation_key,
+			'points_exchange',
+			['type' => 'points_exchange', 'key' => $operation_key],
+			sprintf(__('余额兑换 %d 积分', 'aksrt'), $points),
+			['rate' => $rate],
+			$guard,
+			$business_mutation
+		);
+		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
+			return $result;
 		}
-		$ref = ['type' => 'points_exchange', 'id' => $exchange_ref];
-		$deduct = Balance::deduct($user_id, (float) $amount, 'points_exchange_out', $ref, sprintf(__('余额兑换 %d 积分', 'aksrt'), $points));
-		if (is_wp_error($deduct)) return $deduct;
-		$add = Credits::add($user_id, $points, 'points_exchange_in', $ref, sprintf(__('余额兑换：扣除 %d 余额', 'aksrt'), $amount));
-		if (is_wp_error($add)) {
-			$refund = Balance::add($user_id, (float) $amount, 'points_exchange_refund', $ref, __('积分入账失败，已退回兑换余额', 'aksrt'));
-			if (is_wp_error($refund)) return new \WP_Error('aksrt_exchange_recovery_failed', __('积分入账失败，余额退回失败，请联系管理员', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-			return $add;
-		}
-		do_action('aksrt_points_exchange_completed', $user_id, (float) $amount, $points, (string) $exchange_ref);
 		return rest_ensure_response(['success' => true, 'data' => [
 			'message' => sprintf(__('兑换成功，获得 %d 积分', 'aksrt'), $points),
-			'wallet_balance' => Balance::balance($user_id),
-			'credit_balance' => Credits::balance($user_id),
+			'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+			'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+			'wallet_balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $result->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE))->decimal(),
+			'credit_balance' => $result->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS),
 			'points' => $points,
 			'reload' => true,
 		]]);
 	}
 
-	private function today_points_exchange_total(int $user_id): int {
-		if ($user_id <= 0 || !class_exists('AKSRT\\Core\\DBMigrator')) return 0;
-		global $wpdb;
-		$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('credit_log');
-		if ($table === '') return 0;
-		$site_now = current_datetime();
-		$start = (clone $site_now)->setTime(0, 0, 0);
-		$end = (clone $start)->modify('+1 day');
-		$utc = new \DateTimeZone('UTC');
-		$sql = "SELECT COALESCE(SUM(delta), 0) FROM {$table} WHERE user_id = %d AND reason = %s AND created_at >= %s AND created_at < %s";
-		$start_gmt = $start->setTimezone($utc)->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
-		$end_gmt = $end->setTimezone($utc)->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
-		return max(0, (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare($sql, $user_id, 'points_exchange_in', $start_gmt, $end_gmt)));
+	private function percentage_minor(int $amount, int $rate): int {
+		if ($amount <= 0 || $rate <= 0) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return (intdiv($amount, 100) * $rate) + intdiv(($amount % 100) * $rate, 100);
 	}
 
-	public function rest_balance_withdraw(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
-		if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance') || !Balance::enabled()) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_disabled', __('余额功能未启用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+	/** @return int|\WP_Error */
+	private function multiply_non_negative(int $left, int $right) {
+		if ($left < 0 || $right < 0 || ($right > 0 && $left > intdiv(PHP_INT_MAX, $right))) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_overflow', __('资产金额超出可用范围', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
-		$settings = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_all() : [];
-		if (empty($settings['pay_balance_withdraw_s'])) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_closed', __('余额提现未开启', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
-		}
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal')) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_unavailable', __('提现系统不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-		}
-		$params = $request->get_json_params();
-		if (!is_array($params)) {
-			$params = $request->get_params();
-		}
-		$user_id = get_current_user_id();
-		if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities') && !\AKSRT\Settings\Capabilities::user_can('balance_withdraw', $user_id)) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_forbidden', __('当前账号无权提现', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
-		}
-		$raw_amount = $params['amount'] ?? 0;
-		if (filter_var($raw_amount, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT) === false || (int) $raw_amount <= 0) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_amount', __('提现金额必须为正整数', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
-		}
-		$amount  = (int) $raw_amount;
-		$method  = sanitize_key((string) ($params['method'] ?? 'alipay'));
-		$method  = $method !== '' ? $method : 'alipay';
-		$account = sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($params['account_info'] ?? $params['account'] ?? ''));
-		$withdraw_settings = class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Settings\\Settings')
-			? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_withdrawal_settings()
-			: ['min_amount' => 50, 'service_charge_rate' => 5, 'daily_count' => 3, 'daily_limit' => 50, 'reset_time' => '00:00'];
-		$lowest = (float) $withdraw_settings['min_amount'];
-		if ($amount < $lowest) {
-			return new \WP_Error('withdraw_min_amount', sprintf(__('提现金额低于最低提现门槛（%s 元）', 'aksrt'), (string) $lowest), ['status' => 400]);
-		}
-		if ($account === '') {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_account', __('请填写收款账号信息', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
-		}
-		if (!in_array($method, (array) ($withdraw_settings['payout_channels'] ?? []), true)) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_channel', __('当前收款渠道不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
-		}
-		$result = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->create_balance_request($user_id, $amount, $method, $account, $withdraw_settings);
-		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-			return $result;
-		}
-		return rest_ensure_response([
-			'success' => true,
-			'data' => [
-				'message' => __('提现申请已提交，请等待处理', 'aksrt'),
-				'withdrawal_id' => $result['withdrawal_id'],
-				'amount' => $amount,
-				'net_amount' => $result['net_amount'],
-				'wallet_balance' => $result['wallet_balance'],
-				'remaining_count' => $result['usage']['remaining_count'],
-				'remaining_amount' => $result['usage']['remaining_amount'],
-			],
-		]);
+		return $left * $right;
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/src/Credits/Credits.php b/src/Credits/Credits.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 25ff7f79..00000000
--- a/src/Credits/Credits.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,305 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-/**
- * @package AKSRT
- */
-
-namespace AKSRT\Credits;
-
-defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
-
-class Credits {
-
-    /** user_meta 键名 */
-    const META_KEY = 'aksrt_credits';
-
-    /**
-     * 取用户余额。
-     */
-    public static function balance(int $user_id): int {
-        if ($user_id <= 0) return 0;
-        $val = get_user_meta($user_id, self::META_KEY, true);
-        return is_numeric($val) ? (int) $val : 0;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Backward-compatible alias for credit spending.
-     */
-    public static function get_balance(int $user_id): int {
-        return self::balance($user_id);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 增加积分。
-     *
-     * @param int    $user_id
-     * @param int    $delta   必须 > 0
-     * @param string $reason  例 register/signin/comment/referral/admin
-     * @param array  $ref     ['type' => 'post|comment|user|referral', 'id' => int]
-     * @return int|\WP_Error 新余额或错误
-     */
-    public static function add(int $user_id, int $delta, string $reason, array $ref = [], string $remark = '', bool $dispatch_hooks = true) {
-        if ($user_id <= 0) return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_user', __('用户无效', 'aksrt'));
-        if ($delta <= 0)   return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_delta', __('增加积分必须为正数', 'aksrt'));
-
-        $new_balance = self::atomic_update($user_id, $delta, false);
-        if ($new_balance === null) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_db', __('积分写入失败', 'aksrt'));
-        }
-        self::log($user_id, $delta, $new_balance, $reason, $ref, $remark);
-
-        if ($dispatch_hooks) {
-            do_action('aksrt_credits_added', $user_id, $delta, $reason, $new_balance);
-        }
-        return $new_balance;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 扣减积分。
-     *
-     * @return int|\WP_Error 新余额或错误
-     */
-    public static function deduct(int $user_id, int $cost, string $reason, array $ref = [], string $remark = '') {
-        if ($user_id <= 0) return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_user', __('用户无效', 'aksrt'));
-        if ($cost < 0)     return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_delta', __('扣减积分必须为非负数', 'aksrt'));
-        if ($cost === 0) {
-            return self::balance($user_id);
-        }
-
-        $new_balance = self::atomic_update($user_id, $cost, true);
-        if ($new_balance === null) {
-            $current = self::balance($user_id);
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credits_insufficient', __('积分不足', 'aksrt'), [
-                'balance' => $current,
-                'cost'    => $cost,
-            ]);
-        }
-
-        self::log($user_id, -$cost, $new_balance, $reason, $ref, $remark);
-
-        do_action('aksrt_credits_deducted', $user_id, $cost, $reason, $new_balance);
-        return $new_balance;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 原子加减：用单条 SQL UPDATE 修改 user_meta，避免 read-modify-write 竞态。
-     *
-     * @param int  $user_id
-     * @param int  $abs_delta 绝对值
-     * @param bool $is_deduct true=扣减（带余额检查），false=增加
-     * @return int|null 新余额；失败（余额不足或 DB 错误）返回 null
-     */
-    private static function atomic_update(int $user_id, int $abs_delta, bool $is_deduct): ?int {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        // 确保 meta 行存在（首次扣费可能没有 row）
-        $existing = get_user_meta($user_id, self::META_KEY, true);
-        if ($existing === '' || $existing === false || $existing === null) {
-            update_user_meta($user_id, self::META_KEY, 0);
-        }
-
-        $meta_key = self::META_KEY;
-
-        if ($is_deduct) {
-            // 扣减：仅当 meta_value >= cost 时才更新
-            $sql = $wpdb->prepare(
-                "UPDATE {$wpdb->usermeta}
-                 SET meta_value = CAST(meta_value AS SIGNED) - %d
-                 WHERE user_id = %d
-                   AND meta_key = %s
-                   AND CAST(meta_value AS SIGNED) >= %d",
-                $abs_delta,
-                $user_id,
-                $meta_key,
-                $abs_delta
-            );
-        } else {
-            $sql = $wpdb->prepare(
-                "UPDATE {$wpdb->usermeta}
-                 SET meta_value = CAST(meta_value AS SIGNED) + %d
-                 WHERE user_id = %d
-                   AND meta_key = %s",
-                $abs_delta,
-                $user_id,
-                $meta_key
-            );
-        }
-
-        $affected = $wpdb->query($sql);
-        if ($affected === false || $affected === 0) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        // 失效 user meta cache，下次 get_user_meta 会重读
-        wp_cache_delete($user_id, 'user_meta');
-
-        $new = (int) get_user_meta($user_id, self::META_KEY, true);
-        return $new;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 写一条流水。
-     *
-     * @param int    $user_id
-     * @param int    $delta         本次变动（正/负/0）
-     * @param int    $balance_after 操作后余额
-     * @param string $reason
-     * @param array  $ref
-     */
-    public static function log(int $user_id, int $delta, int $balance_after, string $reason, array $ref = [], string $remark = ''): void {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        $table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('credit_log');
-        if (!$table) return;
-
-        $ref_type = isset($ref['type']) ? sanitize_key((string) $ref['type']) : null;
-        $ref_id   = isset($ref['id']) ? (int) $ref['id'] : null;
-
-        $wpdb->insert(
-            $table,
-            [
-                'user_id'       => $user_id,
-                'delta'         => $delta,
-                'balance_after' => $balance_after,
-                'reason'        => substr($reason, 0, 64),
-                'remark'        => $remark !== '' ? substr($remark, 0, 255) : null,
-                'ref_type'      => $ref_type,
-                'ref_id'        => $ref_id,
-                'ip'            => self::client_ip(),
-                'ua'            => self::client_ua(),
-                'created_at'    => current_time('mysql', true),
-            ],
-            ['%d', '%d', '%d', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%s', '%s', '%s']
-        );
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 取流水（管理员页面用）。
-     *
-     * @param array $args { user_id, reason, page, per_page, date_from, date_to }
-     * @return array { items, total, page, per_page }
-     */
-    public static function get_log(array $args = []): array {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        $table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('credit_log');
-        if (!$table) {
-            return ['items' => [], 'total' => 0, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 20];
-        }
-
-        $page     = max(1, (int) ($args['page'] ?? 1));
-        $per_page = min(100, max(1, (int) ($args['per_page'] ?? 20)));
-        $offset   = ($page - 1) * $per_page;
-
-        $where = ['1=1'];
-        $params = [];
-
-        if (!empty($args['user_id'])) {
-            $where[] = 'user_id = %d';
-            $params[] = (int) $args['user_id'];
-        }
-        if (!empty($args['reason'])) {
-            $where[] = 'reason = %s';
-            $params[] = sanitize_key((string) $args['reason']);
-        }
-        if (!empty($args['date_from'])) {
-            $where[] = 'created_at >= %s';
-            $params[] = (string) $args['date_from'];
-        }
-        if (!empty($args['date_to'])) {
-            $where[] = 'created_at <= %s';
-            $params[] = (string) $args['date_to'];
-        }
-
-        $where_sql = implode(' AND ', $where);
-
-        // total
-        $count_sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$table} WHERE {$where_sql}";
-        $total = (int) ($params
-            ? $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare($count_sql, $params))
-            : $wpdb->get_var($count_sql));
-
-        // items
-        $items_sql = "SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE {$where_sql} ORDER BY created_at DESC, id DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d";
-        $items_params = array_merge($params, [$per_page, $offset]);
-        $items = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare($items_sql, $items_params), ARRAY_A);
-        if (!is_array($items)) $items = [];
-
-        // user 名字预填
-        $uid_set = array_unique(array_map(fn($r) => (int) $r['user_id'], $items));
-        $names = [];
-        foreach ($uid_set as $uid) {
-            $u = get_userdata($uid);
-            if ($u) $names[$uid] = $u->display_name;
-        }
-        foreach ($items as &$row) {
-            $row['user_display_name'] = $names[(int) $row['user_id']] ?? '#' . $row['user_id'];
-            $row['delta'] = (int) $row['delta'];
-            $row['balance_after'] = (int) $row['balance_after'];
-        }
-
-        return [
-            'items'    => $items,
-            'total'    => $total,
-            'page'     => $page,
-            'per_page' => $per_page,
-        ];
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 查询用户余额列表（管理员）。
-     *
-     * @param array $args { search, page, per_page }
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function list_users(array $args = []): array {
-        $page     = max(1, (int) ($args['page'] ?? 1));
-        $per_page = min(100, max(1, (int) ($args['per_page'] ?? 20)));
-
-        $q = [
-            'number'  => $per_page,
-            'paged'   => $page,
-            'orderby' => 'registered',
-            'order'   => 'DESC',
-        ];
-        if (!empty($args['search'])) {
-            $q['search'] = '*' . esc_attr((string) $args['search']) . '*';
-            $q['search_columns'] = ['user_login', 'user_email', 'display_name', 'user_nicename'];
-        }
-        $user_query = new \WP_User_Query($q);
-        $users = $user_query->get_results();
-        $items = [];
-        foreach ($users as $u) {
-            $items[] = [
-                'id'           => (int) $u->ID,
-                'login'        => $u->user_login,
-                'email'        => $u->user_email,
-                'display_name' => $u->display_name,
-                'balance'      => self::balance((int) $u->ID),
-                'registered'   => $u->user_registered,
-            ];
-        }
-        return [
-            'items'    => $items,
-            'total'    => (int) $user_query->get_total(),
-            'page'     => $page,
-            'per_page' => $per_page,
-        ];
-    }
-
-    // ---------- 工具方法 ----------
-
-    private static function client_ip(): string {
-        if (function_exists('aksrt_get_client_ip')) {
-            return (string) aksrt_get_client_ip();
-        }
-        if (!empty($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
-            return (string) $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-    private static function client_ua(): string {
-        $ua = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) ? (string) $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] : '';
-        return substr($ua, 0, 255);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Credits/PointsFree.php b/src/Credits/PointsFree.php
index c38ab0ee..2b55c35c 100644
--- a/src/Credits/PointsFree.php
+++ b/src/Credits/PointsFree.php
@@ -40,17 +40,10 @@ class PointsFree {
 	 */
 	public static function settings(): array {
 		$all = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_all() : [];
-		$credit = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_credit_settings() : [];
-
 		$tasks = [];
 		foreach (self::catalog() as $key => $meta) {
 			$flat_key = 'points_free_' . $key;
-			if (array_key_exists($flat_key, $all)) {
-				$tasks[$key] = max(0, (int) $all[$flat_key]);
-				continue;
-			}
-			// Fallback mapping from legacy / parallel settings.
-			$tasks[$key] = self::legacy_task_points($key, $all, $credit, (int) $meta[2]);
+			$tasks[$key] = max(0, (int) ($all[$flat_key] ?? $meta[2]));
 		}
 
 		$day_max = array_key_exists('points_earn_daily_limit', $all)
@@ -75,7 +68,7 @@ class PointsFree {
 	 * Whether free points system can run (credits enabled).
 	 */
 	public static function enabled(): bool {
-		return class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') && \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::credits_enabled() && class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Credits');
+		return class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') && \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::credits_enabled();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -143,19 +136,31 @@ class PointsFree {
 		}
 
 		$reason = 'free_' . $task_key;
-		$result = Credits::add(
+		$today = self::today_key();
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('points-free', [$user_id, $task_key, $today]);
+		$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->credit(
 			$user_id,
+			\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS,
 			$points,
+			$operation_key,
 			$reason,
 			$ref,
-			self::catalog()[$task_key][0] ?? $task_key
+			self::catalog()[$task_key][0] ?? $task_key,
+			0,
+			['task' => $task_key, 'date' => $today],
+			static function () use ($user_id, $points, $task_key) {
+				if (self::remaining_today($user_id) < $points) {
+					return new \WP_Error('aksrt_points_daily_limit', __('今日积分奖励已达上限', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+				}
+				self::bump_detail($user_id, $points);
+				self::mark_task_done_today($user_id, $task_key);
+				return true;
+			}
 		);
 		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
 			return $result;
 		}
 
-		self::bump_detail($user_id, $points);
-		self::mark_task_done_today($user_id, $task_key);
 		return $points;
 	}
 
@@ -297,37 +302,4 @@ class PointsFree {
 		update_user_meta($user_id, self::META_DETAIL, $detail);
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @param array<string,mixed> $all
-	 * @param array<string,mixed> $credit
-	 */
-	private static function legacy_task_points(string $key, array $all, array $credit, int $default): int {
-		switch ($key) {
-			case 'sign_up':
-				return max(0, (int) ($credit['register_bonus'] ?? $default));
-			case 'sign_in':
-				$signin = is_array($credit['daily_signin'] ?? null) ? $credit['daily_signin'] : [];
-				if (isset($signin['enabled']) && empty($signin['enabled'])) {
-					return 0;
-				}
-				return max(0, (int) ($signin['base'] ?? $default));
-			case 'login':
-				return max(0, (int) ($all['points_earn_login'] ?? $default));
-			case 'post_new':
-				return max(0, (int) ($all['points_earn_post'] ?? $default));
-			case 'post_like':
-				return max(0, (int) ($all['points_earn_like_received'] ?? $default));
-			case 'comment_new':
-				if (isset($all['points_earn_comment'])) {
-					return max(0, (int) $all['points_earn_comment']);
-				}
-				$cr = is_array($credit['comment_reward'] ?? null) ? $credit['comment_reward'] : [];
-				if (isset($cr['enabled']) && empty($cr['enabled'])) {
-					return 0;
-				}
-				return max(0, (int) ($cr['amount'] ?? $default));
-			default:
-				return $default;
-		}
-	}
 }
diff --git a/src/Credits/Signin.php b/src/Credits/Signin.php
index 84a75fd1..a61f601e 100644
--- a/src/Credits/Signin.php
+++ b/src/Credits/Signin.php
@@ -27,33 +27,36 @@ class Signin {
         register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/signin/today', [
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_today'],
-            'permission_callback' => function () {
-                return is_user_logged_in();
-            },
+            'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_rest_permission'],
         ]);
         register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/signin', [
             'methods'             => 'POST',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_signin'],
-            'permission_callback' => function () {
-                return is_user_logged_in();
-            },
+            'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_rest_permission'],
         ]);
         register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/signin/history', [
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_history'],
-            'permission_callback' => function () {
-                return is_user_logged_in();
-            },
+            'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_rest_permission'],
         ]);
         register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/signin/details', [
             'methods'             => 'GET',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_details_html'],
-            'permission_callback' => function () {
-                return is_user_logged_in();
-            },
+            'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_rest_permission'],
         ]);
     }
 
+	public function check_rest_permission(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_need_login', __('请先登录', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
+		}
+		$nonce = (string) $request->get_header('X-WP-Nonce');
+		if ($nonce === '' || !wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'wp_rest')) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_rest_nonce', __('安全验证失败，请刷新页面后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
     /** GET /signin/today */
     public function rest_today(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
         $user_id = get_current_user_id();
@@ -99,10 +102,6 @@ class Signin {
         }
 
         $today_str = $this->today_date();
-        if ($this->get_record($user_id, $today_str)) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_signin_dup', __('今日已签到', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
-        }
-
         // 人机验证（若启用）
         if (function_exists('aksrt_require_captcha')) {
             $body        = $request->get_json_params();
@@ -116,59 +115,75 @@ class Signin {
             }
         }
 
-        $current_streak = $this->compute_current_streak($user_id, $today_str);
-        $new_streak     = $current_streak + 1;
-        $reward         = $this->calc_reward($new_streak, $signin_cfg);
+		$existing_record = $this->get_record($user_id, $today_str);
+		if (is_array($existing_record)) {
+			$new_streak = max(1, (int) ($existing_record['streak'] ?? 1));
+			$reward = max(0, (int) ($existing_record['reward'] ?? 0));
+		} else {
+			$current_streak = $this->compute_current_streak($user_id, $today_str);
+			$new_streak = $current_streak + 1;
+			$reward = $this->calc_reward($new_streak, $signin_cfg);
+		}
 
         $table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('signin_log');
         if (!$table) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_signin_db', __('数据表不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
         }
 
-        $inserted = $wpdb->insert(
-            $table,
-            [
-                'user_id'     => $user_id,
-                'signin_date' => $today_str,
-                'streak'      => $new_streak,
-                'reward'      => $reward,
-            ],
-            ['%d', '%s', '%d', '%d']
-        );
-        if ($inserted === false) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_signin_dup', __('签到失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
-        }
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('signin', [$user_id, $today_str]);
+		$transaction_id = null;
+		$replayed = false;
+		if ($reward > 0) {
+			$guard = static function () use ($wpdb, $table, $user_id, $today_str) {
+				$existing = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+					"SELECT id FROM {$table} WHERE user_id = %d AND signin_date = %s FOR UPDATE",
+					$user_id,
+					$today_str
+				));
+				return $existing === null
+					? true
+					: new \WP_Error('aksrt_signin_dup', __('今日已签到', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			};
+			$mutation = static function () use ($wpdb, $table, $user_id, $today_str, $new_streak, $reward) {
+				$inserted = $wpdb->insert($table, [
+					'user_id' => $user_id,
+					'signin_date' => $today_str,
+					'streak' => $new_streak,
+					'reward' => $reward,
+				], ['%d', '%s', '%d', '%d']);
+				return $inserted === 1
+					? true
+					: new \WP_Error('aksrt_signin_db', __('签到记录写入失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			};
+			$ledger_result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->credit(
+				$user_id,
+				\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS,
+				$reward,
+				$operation_key,
+				'signin',
+				['type' => 'signin', 'key' => $today_str],
+				__('每日签到奖励', 'aksrt'),
+				$user_id,
+				['signin_date' => $today_str, 'streak' => $new_streak],
+				$mutation,
+				$guard
+			);
+			if (is_wp_error($ledger_result)) {
+				return $ledger_result;
+			}
+			$transaction_id = $ledger_result->transaction_id;
+			$replayed = $ledger_result->replayed;
+		} else {
+			$stored = $this->store_zero_reward_signin($user_id, $today_str, $new_streak);
+			if (is_wp_error($stored)) {
+				return $stored;
+			}
+			$replayed = $stored;
+		}
 
-        do_action('aksrt_user_signed_in', $user_id, $reward);
-
-        if ($reward > 0) {
-            if (class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\PointsFree')) {
-                $granted = PointsFree::grant_amount($user_id, $reward, 'sign_in', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id]);
-                if (is_wp_error($granted)) {
-                    if (class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Credits')) {
-                        Credits::add($user_id, $reward, 'signin', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id]);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $reward = (int) $granted;
-                }
-            } elseif (class_exists('AKSRT\\Credits\\Credits')) {
-                Credits::add($user_id, $reward, 'signin', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id]);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Keep lightweight meta for header/badge consumers (legacy checkin_all_day).
-        update_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_signin_' . $today_str, 1);
-        $all_day = (int) get_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_checkin_all_day', true);
-        if ($all_day <= 0) {
-            // Fallback to legacy key if migrated users only have that meta.
-            $all_day = (int) get_user_meta($user_id, 'checkin_all_day', true);
-        }
-        $all_day = $all_day + 1;
-        update_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_checkin_all_day', $all_day);
-        update_user_meta($user_id, 'checkin_all_day', $all_day); // legacy alias
-        update_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_checkin_continuous_day', $new_streak);
-        update_user_meta($user_id, 'checkin_continuous_day', $new_streak); // legacy alias
-        do_action('aksrt_checkin_done', $user_id);
+		if (!$replayed) {
+			$this->after_signin_committed($user_id, $today_str, $new_streak, $reward);
+		}
 
         return new \WP_REST_Response([
             'success' => true,
@@ -180,10 +195,49 @@ class Signin {
             ),
             'streak'  => $new_streak,
             'reward'  => $reward,
-            'balance' => class_exists('AKSRT\Credits\Credits') ? Credits::balance($user_id) : 0,
+            'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS),
+			'transaction_id' => $transaction_id,
+			'replayed' => $replayed,
         ], 200);
     }
 
+	/** @return bool|\WP_Error True means the existing row was replayed. */
+	private function store_zero_reward_signin(int $user_id, string $date, int $streak) {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('signin_log');
+		if ($wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION') === false) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_signin_db', __('无法开启签到事务', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$existing = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT id FROM {$table} WHERE user_id = %d AND signin_date = %s FOR UPDATE",
+			$user_id,
+			$date
+		));
+		if ($existing !== null) {
+			$wpdb->query('COMMIT');
+			return true;
+		}
+		$inserted = $wpdb->insert($table, [
+			'user_id' => $user_id,
+			'signin_date' => $date,
+			'streak' => $streak,
+			'reward' => 0,
+		], ['%d', '%s', '%d', '%d']);
+		if ($inserted !== 1 || $wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_signin_db', __('签到记录写入失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	private function after_signin_committed(int $user_id, string $date, int $streak, int $reward): void {
+		update_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_signin_' . $date, 1);
+		update_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_checkin_all_day', $this->get_total_days($user_id));
+		update_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_checkin_continuous_day', $streak);
+		do_action('aksrt_user_signed_in', $user_id, $reward);
+		do_action('aksrt_checkin_done', $user_id);
+	}
+
     /** GET /signin/history — last N days for calendar/modals. */
     public function rest_history(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
         $user_id = get_current_user_id();
@@ -260,7 +314,7 @@ class Signin {
         $rec = $this->get_record($user_id, $today);
         $streak = $this->compute_current_streak($user_id, $today);
         $total = $this->get_total_days($user_id);
-        $balance = class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits') ? (int) Credits::balance($user_id) : 0;
+        $balance = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS);
         $currency = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')
             ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_currency_name()
             : __('积分', 'aksrt');
diff --git a/src/Identity/ApplicationRepository.php b/src/Identity/ApplicationRepository.php
index 6a33365e..83b132cd 100644
--- a/src/Identity/ApplicationRepository.php
+++ b/src/Identity/ApplicationRepository.php
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ final class ApplicationRepository {
         $row = wp_parse_args($data, [
             'application_uuid' => wp_generate_uuid4(),
             'client_request_id' => wp_generate_uuid4(),
+			'request_payload_hash' => '',
             'user_id' => 0,
             'type' => 'personal',
             'channel' => 'cloud',
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ final class ApplicationRepository {
             'status' => 'created',
             'public_name' => '',
             'public_desc' => '',
-            'fee_amount' => 0,
+			'fee_amount' => '0.00',
             'fee_status' => 'not_required',
             'created_at' => $now,
             'updated_at' => $now,
@@ -75,6 +76,13 @@ final class ApplicationRepository {
         return is_array($row) ? $this->normalize($row) : null;
     }
 
+	/** @return array<string,mixed>|null */
+	public function find_by_id_for_update(int $id): ?array {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table} WHERE id = %d FOR UPDATE", $id), ARRAY_A);
+		return is_array($row) ? $this->normalize($row) : null;
+	}
+
     /** @return array<string,mixed>|null */
     public function find_by_uuid(string $uuid): ?array {
         global $wpdb;
@@ -164,12 +172,6 @@ final class ApplicationRepository {
                 $formats[$index] = '%d';
             }
         }
-        foreach (['fee_amount'] as $float_key) {
-            $index = array_search($float_key, array_keys($fields), true);
-            if ($index !== false) {
-                $formats[$index] = '%f';
-            }
-        }
         $updated = $wpdb->update($this->table, $fields, ['id' => $id, 'status' => $expected], $formats, ['%d', '%s']) === 1;
         if ($updated) {
             self::clear_snapshot_cache();
@@ -229,7 +231,11 @@ final class ApplicationRepository {
                 $row[$nullable_key] = '';
             }
         }
-        $row['fee_amount'] = round((float) ($row['fee_amount'] ?? 0), 2);
+		try {
+			$row['fee_amount'] = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) ($row['fee_amount'] ?? ''))->decimal();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			$row['fee_amount'] = '';
+		}
         $evidence = json_decode((string) ($row['evidence_ids'] ?? ''), true);
         $row['evidence_ids'] = is_array($evidence) ? array_values(array_map('intval', $evidence)) : [];
         return $row;
diff --git a/src/Identity/ApplicationService.php b/src/Identity/ApplicationService.php
index 7b72b8cb..dfa0baf7 100644
--- a/src/Identity/ApplicationService.php
+++ b/src/Identity/ApplicationService.php
@@ -9,6 +9,11 @@ namespace AKSRT\Identity;
 
 use AKSRT\Identity\Provider\ProviderFactory;
 use AKSRT\Identity\Provider\ProviderResult;
+use AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount;
+use AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType;
+use AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult;
+use AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService;
+use AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey;
 
 defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 
@@ -25,7 +30,7 @@ final class ApplicationService {
     }
 
     /** @param array<string,mixed> $input */
-    public function create(int $user_id, array $input) {
+    public function create(int $user_id, array $input, string $request_id, string $operation_key) {
         $settings = SettingsRuntime::get();
         if (empty($settings['enabled']) || empty($settings['allow_apply'])) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_disabled', __('暂不能申请身份认证', 'aksrt'));
@@ -33,25 +38,14 @@ final class ApplicationService {
         if (!is_ssl()) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_https', __('身份认证必须通过 HTTPS 发起', 'aksrt'));
         }
-        if ($this->applications->verified_for_user($user_id)) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_verified', __('您已是认证用户', 'aksrt'));
-        }
-        if ($this->applications->active_for_user($user_id)) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_active', __('您已有进行中的认证申请', 'aksrt'));
-        }
-
         $type = sanitize_key((string) ($input['type'] ?? ''));
         if (!in_array($type, ['personal', 'enterprise'], true)) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_type', __('请选择有效的认证类型', 'aksrt'));
         }
-        $request_id = sanitize_text_field((string) ($input['client_request_id'] ?? ''));
-        if (!wp_is_uuid($request_id)) {
+		$request_id = strtolower(trim($request_id));
+		if (!wp_is_uuid($request_id) || $operation_key === '') {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_request_id', __('请求标识无效', 'aksrt'));
         }
-        $existing = $this->applications->find_by_client_request($user_id, $request_id);
-        if ($existing) {
-            return $this->view($existing);
-        }
 
         $person_name = sanitize_text_field((string) ($input['person_name'] ?? ''));
         $id_number = strtoupper(preg_replace('/\s+/', '', sanitize_text_field((string) ($input['id_number'] ?? ''))) ?: '');
@@ -66,16 +60,41 @@ final class ApplicationService {
         if (empty($input['consent'])) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_consent', __('请先同意身份信息处理说明', 'aksrt'));
         }
+		$request_payload_hash = $this->request_payload_hash($type, $person_name, $id_number, $company_name, $company_code);
+		$existing = $this->applications->find_by_client_request($user_id, $request_id);
+		if ($existing) {
+			if (!hash_equals((string) ($existing['request_payload_hash'] ?? ''), $request_payload_hash)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他认证申请', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			if ((string) ($existing['status'] ?? '') !== 'created') {
+				return $this->view($existing, LedgerService::get_instance()->result_for_operation($operation_key), true);
+			}
+		}
+		if (!$existing && $this->applications->verified_for_user($user_id)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_verified', __('您已是认证用户', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		if (!$existing && $this->applications->active_for_user($user_id)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_active', __('您已有进行中的认证申请', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
         $public_name = $type === 'enterprise' ? $this->truncate($company_name, 64) : __('个人认证', 'aksrt');
         $public_desc = '';
 
-        $type_settings = \AKSRT\User\AuthApply::type_settings($type);
-        $attempt = $this->applications->count_user_type($user_id, $type);
-        $free = max(0, (int) ($type_settings['free_applications'] ?? 0));
-        $fee = $attempt < $free ? 0.0 : max(0, (float) ($type_settings['fee'] ?? 0));
-        $application = $this->applications->create([
+		if ($existing) {
+			$application = $existing;
+		} else {
+			$type_settings = \AKSRT\User\AuthApply::type_settings($type);
+			$attempt = $this->applications->count_user_type($user_id, $type);
+			$free = max(0, (int) ($type_settings['free_applications'] ?? 0));
+			try {
+				$configured_fee = AssetAmount::balance(is_string($type_settings['fee'] ?? null) ? trim($type_settings['fee']) : '');
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_fee', __('认证费用配置无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+			$fee = $attempt < $free ? AssetAmount::balance('0.00') : $configured_fee;
+			$application = $this->applications->create([
             'application_uuid' => wp_generate_uuid4(),
             'client_request_id' => $request_id,
+			'request_payload_hash' => $request_payload_hash,
             'user_id' => $user_id,
             'type' => $type,
             'provider' => $settings['provider'],
@@ -88,22 +107,27 @@ final class ApplicationService {
             'company_name' => $company_name,
             'company_code_masked' => $type === 'enterprise' ? SettingsRuntime::mask_id_number($company_code) : '',
             'company_code_hash' => $type === 'enterprise' ? SettingsRuntime::hmac($company_code) : '',
-            'fee_amount' => $fee,
-            'fee_status' => $fee > 0 ? 'pending' : 'not_required',
+			'fee_amount' => $fee->decimal(),
+			'fee_status' => $fee->minor() > 0 ? 'pending' : 'not_required',
             'attempt_ordinal' => $attempt + 1,
-        ]);
+			]);
+		}
         if (is_wp_error($application)) {
             return $application;
         }
 
-        $provider = ProviderFactory::make((string) $settings['provider']);
+		$provider = ProviderFactory::make((string) $application['provider']);
         $valid = $provider->validate_config();
         if (is_wp_error($valid)) {
             $next = !empty($settings['allow_manual_fallback']) ? 'provider_unsupported' : 'cancelled';
-            $failed = $this->transitions->transition($application, $next, [
+			$failed = $this->transitions->transition($application, $next, [
                 'provider_result_code' => $valid->get_error_code(),
                 'provider_result_summary' => $valid->get_error_message(),
-            ], ['source' => 'system', 'event_type' => 'provider_preflight_failed']);
+			], [
+				'source' => 'system',
+				'event_type' => 'provider_preflight_failed',
+				'dedupe_key' => $this->event_dedupe_key($application, $operation_key, $next),
+			]);
             return is_wp_error($failed) ? $failed : $this->view($failed);
         }
 
@@ -117,29 +141,52 @@ final class ApplicationService {
         $result = $type === 'personal'
             ? $provider->start_personal($provider_request)
             : $provider->start_enterprise($provider_request);
-        return $this->apply_provider_result($application, $result, true);
+		return $this->apply_provider_result($application, $result, true, $operation_key);
     }
 
-    public function refresh(array $application) {
+    public function refresh(array $application, string $operation_key = '') {
         if (!in_array((string) $application['status'], ['provider_pending', 'provider_processing'], true)) {
             return $this->view($application);
         }
         if (!empty($application['expires_at']) && strtotime((string) $application['expires_at'] . ' UTC') <= time()) {
             $settings = SettingsRuntime::get();
             $next = !empty($settings['allow_manual_fallback']) ? 'provider_expired' : 'cancelled';
-            $expired = $this->transitions->transition($application, $next, [
+			$effective_key = $operation_key !== ''
+				? $operation_key
+				: OperationKey::deterministic('identity-expired', [(int) $application['id'], (string) $application['expires_at']]);
+			$expired = $this->transitions->transition($application, $next, [
                 'provider_result_code' => 'session_expired',
                 'provider_result_summary' => __('云认证会话已过期', 'aksrt'),
-            ], ['source' => 'system', 'event_type' => 'session_expired']);
+			], [
+				'source' => 'system',
+				'event_type' => 'session_expired',
+				'dedupe_key' => $this->event_dedupe_key($application, $effective_key, $next),
+			]);
             return is_wp_error($expired) ? $expired : $this->view($expired);
         }
         $provider = ProviderFactory::make((string) $application['provider']);
-        return $this->apply_provider_result($application, $provider->query($application), false);
+		return $this->apply_provider_result($application, $provider->query($application), false, $operation_key);
     }
 
-    public function move_to_manual(array $application, $files) {
+	public function move_to_manual(array $application, $files, string $operation_key) {
+		$payload_hash = $this->evidence->fingerprint($files);
+		if (is_wp_error($payload_hash)) {
+			return $payload_hash;
+		}
+		$manual_dedupe = $this->event_dedupe_key($application, $operation_key, 'manual_pending');
+		$existing_event = (new EventRepository())->find_by_dedupe($manual_dedupe);
+		if (is_array($existing_event) && (int) $existing_event['application_id'] === (int) $application['id']) {
+			$summary = json_decode((string) ($existing_event['summary_json'] ?? ''), true);
+			if (!is_array($summary) || !hash_equals((string) ($summary['payload_hash'] ?? ''), $payload_hash)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他认证材料', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			$current = $this->applications->find_by_id((int) $application['id']);
+			return is_array($current)
+				? $this->view($current, LedgerService::get_instance()->result_for_operation($operation_key), true)
+				: new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_missing', __('认证申请不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 404]);
+		}
         if (!in_array((string) $application['status'], ['created', 'provider_failed', 'provider_unsupported', 'provider_expired'], true)) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_manual_state', __('该申请当前不能转人工审核', 'aksrt'));
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_manual_state', __('该申请当前不能转人工审核', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
         }
         if (empty(SettingsRuntime::get()['allow_manual_fallback'])) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_manual_disabled', __('站点未开放人工审核回退', 'aksrt'));
@@ -148,27 +195,32 @@ final class ApplicationService {
         if (is_wp_error($ids)) {
             return $ids;
         }
-        $charge = $this->charge($application);
-        if (is_wp_error($charge)) {
+		$fields = [
+			'channel' => 'manual',
+			'manual_reason' => __('云认证未完成，用户转入人工审核', 'aksrt'),
+			'evidence_ids' => wp_json_encode($ids),
+		];
+		$event = [
+			'source' => 'user',
+			'event_type' => 'manual_fallback',
+			'actor_user_id' => (int) $application['user_id'],
+			'dedupe_key' => $manual_dedupe,
+			'summary' => ['payload_hash' => $payload_hash],
+		];
+		$changed = $this->transition_with_charge($application, 'manual_pending', $fields, $event, $operation_key, ['business_payload_hash' => $payload_hash]);
+		if (is_wp_error($changed)) {
             $this->evidence->delete($ids);
-            return $charge;
+			return $changed;
         }
-        $updated = $this->transitions->transition($application, 'manual_pending', [
-            'channel' => 'manual',
-            'manual_reason' => __('云认证未完成，用户转入人工审核', 'aksrt'),
-            'evidence_ids' => wp_json_encode($ids),
-            'fee_status' => $charge,
-        ], ['source' => 'user', 'event_type' => 'manual_fallback', 'actor_user_id' => (int) $application['user_id']]);
-        if (is_wp_error($updated)) {
-            $this->evidence->delete($ids);
-            $this->refund($application);
-            return $updated;
-        }
-        return $this->view($updated);
+		$updated = $changed['application'];
+		if ((array) ($updated['evidence_ids'] ?? []) !== array_values(array_map('intval', $ids))) {
+			$this->evidence->delete($ids);
+		}
+		return $this->view($updated, $changed['ledger']);
     }
 
     /** @return array<string,mixed> */
-    public function view(array $application): array {
+	public function view(array $application, ?LedgerResult $ledger_result = null, bool $replayed = false): array {
         $stage = (string) $application['status'];
         $next = 'wait';
         if (in_array($stage, ['provider_pending', 'provider_processing'], true)) {
@@ -178,7 +230,8 @@ final class ApplicationService {
         } elseif ($stage === 'verified') {
             $next = 'complete';
         }
-        return [
+		$balance_minor = LedgerService::get_instance()->balance((int) $application['user_id'], AssetType::BALANCE);
+		return [
             'uuid' => (string) $application['application_uuid'],
             'type' => (string) $application['type'],
             'status' => TransitionService::public_status($stage),
@@ -192,103 +245,194 @@ final class ApplicationService {
             'expires_at' => (string) ($application['expires_at'] ?? ''),
             'created_at' => (string) $application['created_at'],
             'poll_interval' => (int) SettingsRuntime::get()['poll_interval_seconds'],
+			'transaction_id' => $ledger_result?->transaction_id ?? 0,
+			'replayed' => $ledger_result?->replayed ?? $replayed,
+			'wallet_balance' => AssetAmount::from_minor(AssetType::BALANCE, $balance_minor)->decimal(),
         ];
     }
 
-    private function apply_provider_result(array $application, ProviderResult $result, bool $starting) {
-        $data = $result->data;
-        if ($result->decision === ProviderResult::PENDING) {
-            $fee_status = (string) $application['fee_status'];
-            if ($starting) {
-                $charged = $this->charge($application);
-                if (is_wp_error($charged)) {
-                    return $charged;
-                }
-                $fee_status = $charged;
-            }
-            $next = $starting ? 'provider_pending' : 'provider_processing';
-            $fields = [
-                'provider_session_id' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['provider_session_id'] ?? ($application['provider_session_id'] ?? ''))),
-                'provider_request_id' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['request_id'] ?? ($application['provider_request_id'] ?? ''))),
-                'redirect_url' => esc_url_raw((string) ($data['redirect_url'] ?? ($application['redirect_url'] ?? ''))),
-                'qr_payload' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['qr_payload'] ?? ($application['qr_payload'] ?? ''))),
-                'provider_started_at' => $starting ? current_time('mysql', true) : ($application['provider_started_at'] ?? ''),
-                'expires_at' => (string) ($data['expires_at'] ?? ($application['expires_at'] ?? '')),
-                'provider_result_code' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['result_code'] ?? 'pending')),
-                'provider_result_summary' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['message'] ?? '')),
-                'fee_status' => $fee_status,
-            ];
-            $updated = $this->transitions->transition($application, $next, $fields, [
-                'source' => (string) $application['provider'],
-                'event_type' => $starting ? 'session_started' : 'query_pending',
-                'external_event_id' => (string) ($data['external_event_id'] ?? ''),
-            ]);
-            if (is_wp_error($updated)) {
-                if ($starting) {
-                    $this->refund(array_merge($application, ['fee_status' => $fee_status]));
-                }
-                return $updated;
-            }
-            $updated['redirect_url'] = (string) ($updated['redirect_url'] ?? '');
-            $updated['qr_payload'] = (string) ($updated['qr_payload'] ?? '');
-            return $this->view($updated);
-        }
+	private function apply_provider_result(array $application, ProviderResult $result, bool $starting, string $operation_key = '') {
+		$data = $result->data;
+		if ($result->decision === ProviderResult::PENDING) {
+			$next = $starting ? 'provider_pending' : 'provider_processing';
+			if (!$starting && (string) $application['status'] === $next) {
+				return $this->view($application, null, true);
+			}
+			$effective_key = $this->provider_operation_key($application, $operation_key, $next, $data, $result->decision);
+			$fields = [
+				'provider_session_id' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['provider_session_id'] ?? ($application['provider_session_id'] ?? ''))),
+				'provider_request_id' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['request_id'] ?? ($application['provider_request_id'] ?? ''))),
+				'redirect_url' => esc_url_raw((string) ($data['redirect_url'] ?? ($application['redirect_url'] ?? ''))),
+				'qr_payload' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['qr_payload'] ?? ($application['qr_payload'] ?? ''))),
+				'provider_started_at' => $starting ? current_time('mysql', true) : ($application['provider_started_at'] ?? ''),
+				'expires_at' => (string) ($data['expires_at'] ?? ($application['expires_at'] ?? '')),
+				'provider_result_code' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['result_code'] ?? 'pending')),
+				'provider_result_summary' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['message'] ?? '')),
+			];
+			$event = [
+				'source' => (string) $application['provider'],
+				'event_type' => $starting ? 'session_started' : 'query_pending',
+				'external_event_id' => (string) ($data['external_event_id'] ?? ''),
+				'dedupe_key' => $this->event_dedupe_key($application, $effective_key, $next),
+			];
+			$changed = $starting
+				? $this->transition_with_charge($application, $next, $fields, $event, $effective_key)
+				: $this->transition_without_charge($application, $next, $fields, $event);
+			if (is_wp_error($changed)) {
+				return $changed;
+			}
+			$updated = $changed['application'];
+			$updated['redirect_url'] = (string) ($updated['redirect_url'] ?? '');
+			$updated['qr_payload'] = (string) ($updated['qr_payload'] ?? '');
+			return $this->view($updated, $changed['ledger']);
+		}
 
-        $map = [
-            ProviderResult::PASSED => 'verified',
-            ProviderResult::FAILED => 'provider_failed',
-            ProviderResult::UNSUPPORTED => 'provider_unsupported',
-            ProviderResult::EXPIRED => 'provider_expired',
-        ];
-        $next = $map[$result->decision] ?? 'provider_failed';
-        $settings = SettingsRuntime::get();
-        if (in_array($next, ['provider_failed', 'provider_unsupported', 'provider_expired'], true) && empty($settings['allow_manual_fallback'])) {
-            $next = 'cancelled';
-        }
-        $updated = $this->transitions->transition($application, $next, [
-            'provider_result_code' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['result_code'] ?? $result->decision)),
-            'provider_result_summary' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['message'] ?? '')),
-        ], [
-            'source' => (string) $application['provider'],
-            'event_type' => 'provider_result',
-            'external_event_id' => (string) ($data['external_event_id'] ?? ''),
-            'result_code' => (string) ($data['result_code'] ?? $result->decision),
-        ]);
-        return is_wp_error($updated) ? $updated : $this->view($updated);
-    }
+		$map = [
+			ProviderResult::PASSED => 'verified',
+			ProviderResult::FAILED => 'provider_failed',
+			ProviderResult::UNSUPPORTED => 'provider_unsupported',
+			ProviderResult::EXPIRED => 'provider_expired',
+		];
+		$next = $map[$result->decision] ?? 'provider_failed';
+		$settings = SettingsRuntime::get();
+		if (in_array($next, ['provider_failed', 'provider_unsupported', 'provider_expired'], true) && empty($settings['allow_manual_fallback'])) {
+			$next = 'cancelled';
+		}
+		$effective_key = $this->provider_operation_key($application, $operation_key, $next, $data, $result->decision);
+		$fields = [
+			'provider_result_code' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['result_code'] ?? $result->decision)),
+			'provider_result_summary' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['message'] ?? '')),
+		];
+		$event = [
+			'source' => (string) $application['provider'],
+			'event_type' => 'provider_result',
+			'external_event_id' => (string) ($data['external_event_id'] ?? ''),
+			'result_code' => (string) ($data['result_code'] ?? $result->decision),
+			'dedupe_key' => $this->event_dedupe_key($application, $effective_key, $next),
+		];
+		$changed = $starting && $next === 'verified'
+			? $this->transition_with_charge($application, $next, $fields, $event, $effective_key)
+			: $this->transition_without_charge($application, $next, $fields, $event);
+		return is_wp_error($changed) ? $changed : $this->view($changed['application'], $changed['ledger']);
+	}
 
-    /** @return string|\WP_Error */
-    private function charge(array $application) {
-        if (in_array((string) $application['fee_status'], ['charged', 'not_required'], true)) {
-            return (string) $application['fee_status'];
-        }
-        $fee = (float) $application['fee_amount'];
-        if ($fee <= 0) {
-            return 'not_required';
-        }
-        $result = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::deduct(
-            (int) $application['user_id'],
-            $fee,
-            'verify_application',
-            ['type' => 'identity', 'id' => (int) $application['id']],
-            sprintf(__('提交%s认证申请', 'aksrt'), (string) $application['type'])
-        );
-        return is_wp_error($result) ? $result : 'charged';
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $application
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $fields
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $event
+	 * @return array{application:array<string,mixed>,ledger:?LedgerResult}|\WP_Error
+	 */
+	private function transition_with_charge(array $application, string $next, array $fields, array $event, string $operation_key, array $ledger_metadata = []) {
+		$fee_status = (string) ($application['fee_status'] ?? '');
+		if (in_array($fee_status, ['charged', 'not_required'], true)) {
+			$fields['fee_status'] = $fee_status;
+			return $this->transition_without_charge($application, $next, $fields, $event);
+		}
+		try {
+			$fee = AssetAmount::balance((string) ($application['fee_amount'] ?? ''));
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_fee', __('认证费用配置无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		if ($fee->minor() <= 0) {
+			$fields['fee_status'] = 'not_required';
+			return $this->transition_without_charge($application, $next, $fields, $event);
+		}
 
-    private function refund(array $application): void {
-        if ((float) $application['fee_amount'] <= 0 || !in_array((string) $application['fee_status'], ['charged', 'pending'], true)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::add(
-            (int) $application['user_id'],
-            (float) $application['fee_amount'],
-            'verify_application_refund',
-            ['type' => 'identity', 'id' => (int) $application['id']],
-            __('认证会话创建失败退款', 'aksrt')
-        );
-        $this->applications->update((int) $application['id'], ['fee_status' => 'refunded']);
-    }
+		$application_id = (int) $application['id'];
+		$user_id = (int) $application['user_id'];
+		$expected_status = (string) $application['status'];
+		$expected_minor = $fee->minor();
+		$locked_application = null;
+		$guard = function () use ($application_id, $user_id, $expected_status, $expected_minor, &$locked_application) {
+			$locked_application = $this->applications->find_by_id_for_update($application_id);
+			try {
+				$current_minor = is_array($locked_application)
+					? AssetAmount::balance((string) ($locked_application['fee_amount'] ?? ''))->minor()
+					: -1;
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				$current_minor = -1;
+			}
+			if (
+				!is_array($locked_application)
+				|| (int) $locked_application['user_id'] !== $user_id
+				|| (string) $locked_application['status'] !== $expected_status
+				|| (string) $locked_application['fee_status'] !== 'pending'
+				|| $current_minor !== $expected_minor
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_fee_state', __('认证费用或申请状态已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		$mutation_fields = $fields;
+		$mutation_fields['fee_status'] = 'charged';
+		$mutation = function () use (&$locked_application, $next, $mutation_fields, $event) {
+			if (!is_array($locked_application)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_fee_state', __('认证申请未锁定', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+			return $this->transitions->transition_locked($locked_application, $next, $mutation_fields, $event);
+		};
+		$ledger_metadata['identity_type'] = (string) $application['type'];
+		$ledger_metadata['business_payload_hash'] ??= (string) ($application['request_payload_hash'] ?? '');
+		$result = LedgerService::get_instance()->debit(
+			$user_id,
+			AssetType::BALANCE,
+			$fee->minor(),
+			$operation_key !== '' ? $operation_key : OperationKey::deterministic('identity-fee', [$application_id]),
+			'verify_application',
+			['type' => 'identity', 'id' => $application_id],
+			sprintf(__('提交%s认证申请', 'aksrt'), (string) $application['type']),
+			$user_id,
+			$ledger_metadata,
+			$mutation,
+			$guard
+		);
+		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
+			return $result;
+		}
+		$updated = $this->applications->find_by_id($application_id);
+		if (!is_array($updated)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_missing', __('认证申请不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		if (!$result->replayed) {
+			$this->transitions->after_commit(is_array($locked_application) ? $locked_application : $application, $next, $mutation_fields);
+		}
+		return ['application' => $updated, 'ledger' => $result];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $application
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $fields
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $event
+	 * @return array{application:array<string,mixed>,ledger:null}|\WP_Error
+	 */
+	private function transition_without_charge(array $application, string $next, array $fields, array $event) {
+		$updated = $this->transitions->transition($application, $next, $fields, $event);
+		return is_wp_error($updated) ? $updated : ['application' => $updated, 'ledger' => null];
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $application @param array<string,mixed> $data */
+	private function provider_operation_key(array $application, string $operation_key, string $next, array $data, string $decision): string {
+		if ($operation_key !== '') {
+			return $operation_key;
+		}
+		$external = (string) ($data['external_event_id'] ?? $data['request_id'] ?? $data['result_code'] ?? $decision);
+		return OperationKey::deterministic('identity-provider', [(int) $application['id'], $next, $external]);
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $application */
+	private function event_dedupe_key(array $application, string $operation_key, string $next): string {
+		return hash('sha256', implode('|', ['identity', (int) $application['id'], $operation_key, sanitize_key($next)]));
+	}
+
+	private function request_payload_hash(string $type, string $person_name, string $id_number, string $company_name, string $company_code): string {
+		return hash('sha256', (string) wp_json_encode([
+			'type' => $type,
+			'person_name' => $person_name,
+			'id_number_hmac' => SettingsRuntime::hmac($id_number),
+			'company_name' => $company_name,
+			'company_code_hmac' => $company_code !== '' ? SettingsRuntime::hmac($company_code) : '',
+		], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES));
+	}
 
     private function length(string $value): int {
         return function_exists('mb_strlen') ? mb_strlen($value) : strlen($value);
diff --git a/src/Identity/EventRepository.php b/src/Identity/EventRepository.php
index 4de94827..32418898 100644
--- a/src/Identity/EventRepository.php
+++ b/src/Identity/EventRepository.php
@@ -39,9 +39,26 @@ final class EventRepository {
         if ($inserted === 1) {
             return true;
         }
-        return str_contains(strtolower((string) $wpdb->last_error), 'duplicate');
+		if (!str_contains(strtolower((string) $wpdb->last_error), 'duplicate')) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$existing_application_id = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT application_id FROM {$this->table} WHERE dedupe_key = %s LIMIT 1",
+			$row['dedupe_key']
+		));
+		return (int) $existing_application_id === (int) $row['application_id'];
     }
 
+	/** @return array<string,mixed>|null */
+	public function find_by_dedupe(string $dedupe_key): ?array {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT * FROM {$this->table} WHERE dedupe_key = %s LIMIT 1",
+			$dedupe_key
+		), ARRAY_A);
+		return is_array($row) ? $row : null;
+	}
+
     /** @return array<int,array<string,mixed>> */
     public function for_application(int $application_id): array {
         global $wpdb;
diff --git a/src/Identity/EvidenceService.php b/src/Identity/EvidenceService.php
index 9e3d144e..24f558dc 100644
--- a/src/Identity/EvidenceService.php
+++ b/src/Identity/EvidenceService.php
@@ -18,6 +18,27 @@ final class EvidenceService {
         add_action('admin_post_aksrt_verify_evidence', [$this, 'serve']);
     }
 
+	/** @return string|\WP_Error */
+	public function fingerprint($input) {
+		$files = $this->normalize($input);
+		if (is_wp_error($files)) {
+			return $files;
+		}
+		$hashes = [];
+		foreach ($files as $file) {
+			$tmp = (string) ($file['tmp_name'] ?? '');
+			if ((int) ($file['error'] ?? UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE) !== UPLOAD_ERR_OK || $tmp === '' || !is_uploaded_file($tmp)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_upload', __('证明材料上传失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			$digest = hash_file('sha256', $tmp);
+			if (!is_string($digest)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_upload', __('证明材料读取失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			$hashes[] = $digest;
+		}
+		return hash('sha256', implode('|', $hashes));
+	}
+
     /** @return array<int,int>|\WP_Error */
     public function upload(int $user_id, string $application_uuid, $input) {
         $files = $this->normalize($input);
diff --git a/src/Identity/RestController.php b/src/Identity/RestController.php
index 7f557168..c965c0f0 100644
--- a/src/Identity/RestController.php
+++ b/src/Identity/RestController.php
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 
 namespace AKSRT\Identity;
 
+use AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey;
+
 defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 
 final class RestController {
@@ -25,49 +27,86 @@ final class RestController {
     }
 
     public function register_routes(): void {
+		$uuid_args = [
+			'uuid' => [
+				'type' => 'string',
+				'format' => 'uuid',
+				'required' => true,
+				'validate_callback' => static fn($value): bool => wp_is_uuid((string) $value),
+				'sanitize_callback' => static fn($value): string => strtolower(sanitize_text_field((string) $value)),
+			],
+		];
         register_rest_route(self::NS, '/identity/applications', [
-            'methods' => 'POST',
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
             'callback' => [$this, 'create'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'logged_in'],
+			'args' => [
+				'type' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'enum' => ['personal', 'enterprise'], 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key'],
+				'person_name' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'minLength' => 1, 'maxLength' => 50, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'id_number' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'minLength' => 15, 'maxLength' => 18, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'company_name' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => false, 'maxLength' => 191, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'company_code' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => false, 'maxLength' => 32, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'consent' => ['type' => 'boolean', 'required' => true],
+				'meta_info' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => false, 'maxLength' => 65535, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+			],
         ]);
         register_rest_route(self::NS, '/identity/applications/current', [
-            'methods' => 'GET',
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
             'callback' => [$this, 'current'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'logged_in'],
         ]);
         register_rest_route(self::NS, '/identity/applications/(?P<uuid>[a-f0-9-]{36})', [
-            'methods' => 'GET',
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
             'callback' => [$this, 'get'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'owns_application'],
+			'args' => $uuid_args,
         ]);
         register_rest_route(self::NS, '/identity/applications/(?P<uuid>[a-f0-9-]{36})/refresh', [
-            'methods' => 'POST',
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
             'callback' => [$this, 'refresh'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'owns_application'],
+			'args' => $uuid_args,
         ]);
         register_rest_route(self::NS, '/identity/applications/(?P<uuid>[a-f0-9-]{36})/manual', [
-            'methods' => 'POST',
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
             'callback' => [$this, 'manual'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'owns_application'],
+			'args' => $uuid_args,
         ]);
     }
 
-    public function logged_in(): bool {
-        return is_user_logged_in();
+	public function logged_in(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_auth', __('请先登录', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
+		}
+		$nonce = (string) $request->get_header('X-WP-Nonce');
+		if ($nonce === '' || !wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'wp_rest')) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_nonce', __('安全校验失败，请刷新页面后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+		}
+		return true;
     }
 
-    public function owns_application(\WP_REST_Request $request): bool {
-        if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
-            return false;
+	public function owns_application(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		$authenticated = $this->logged_in($request);
+		if (is_wp_error($authenticated)) {
+			return $authenticated;
         }
         $application = $this->application_for_request($request);
-        return is_array($application) && (int) $application['user_id'] === get_current_user_id();
+		if (!is_array($application) || (int) $application['user_id'] !== get_current_user_id()) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_forbidden', __('无权访问该认证申请', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+		}
+		return true;
     }
 
     public function create(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
         $params = $request->get_json_params();
         $params = is_array($params) ? $params : [];
-        $result = $this->service->create(get_current_user_id(), $params);
+		$operation_key = OperationKey::from_request($request, 'identity-create', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $this->respond($operation_key);
+		}
+		$request_id = strtolower(trim((string) $request->get_header('Idempotency-Key')));
+		$result = $this->service->create(get_current_user_id(), $params, $request_id, $operation_key);
         return $this->respond($result, 201);
     }
 
@@ -100,7 +139,11 @@ final class RestController {
                 'message' => __('认证申请不存在', 'aksrt'),
             ], 404));
         }
-        return $this->respond($this->service->refresh($application));
+		$operation_key = OperationKey::from_request($request, 'identity-refresh', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $this->respond($operation_key);
+		}
+		return $this->respond($this->service->refresh($application, $operation_key));
     }
 
     public function manual(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
@@ -112,7 +155,12 @@ final class RestController {
                 'message' => __('认证申请不存在', 'aksrt'),
             ], 404));
         }
-        return $this->respond($this->service->move_to_manual($application, $_FILES['evidence'] ?? null));
+		$operation_key = OperationKey::from_request($request, 'identity-manual', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $this->respond($operation_key);
+		}
+		$files = $request->get_file_params();
+		return $this->respond($this->service->move_to_manual($application, $files['evidence'] ?? null, $operation_key));
     }
 
     /** @return array<string,mixed>|null */
@@ -127,7 +175,11 @@ final class RestController {
 
     private function respond($result, int $success_status = 200): \WP_REST_Response {
         if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-            $status = in_array($result->get_error_code(), ['aksrt_identity_active', 'aksrt_identity_verified', 'aksrt_identity_conflict'], true) ? 409 : 422;
+			$data = $result->get_error_data();
+			$status = is_array($data) ? (int) ($data['status'] ?? 0) : 0;
+			if ($status < 400 || $status > 599) {
+				$status = in_array($result->get_error_code(), ['aksrt_identity_active', 'aksrt_identity_verified', 'aksrt_identity_conflict', 'aksrt_identity_idempotency_conflict'], true) ? 409 : 400;
+			}
             return $this->no_store(new \WP_REST_Response([
                 'success' => false,
                 'code' => $result->get_error_code(),
diff --git a/src/Identity/TransitionService.php b/src/Identity/TransitionService.php
index caa35c62..f9f76849 100644
--- a/src/Identity/TransitionService.php
+++ b/src/Identity/TransitionService.php
@@ -32,45 +32,112 @@ final class TransitionService {
 
     /** @param array<string,mixed> $fields @param array<string,mixed> $event */
     public function transition(array $application, string $next, array $fields = [], array $event = []) {
-        $current = sanitize_key((string) ($application['status'] ?? ''));
-        $next = sanitize_key($next);
-        if (!in_array($next, self::ALLOWED[$current] ?? [], true)) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_transition', __('该认证记录当前不可执行此操作', 'aksrt'));
-        }
-        if (in_array($next, ['verified', 'rejected', 'cancelled'], true)) {
-            $fields['completed_at'] = current_time('mysql', true);
-            $fields['sensitive_blob'] = null;
-        }
-        if (!$this->applications->transition((int) $application['id'], $current, $next, $fields)) {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_conflict', __('认证状态已变化，请刷新后重试', 'aksrt'));
-        }
+		$next = sanitize_key($next);
+		$dedupe = isset($event['dedupe_key']) ? (string) $event['dedupe_key'] : '';
+		if ($dedupe !== '') {
+			$existing_event = $this->events->find_by_dedupe($dedupe);
+			if (is_array($existing_event) && (int) $existing_event['application_id'] === (int) $application['id']) {
+				return $this->applications->find_by_id((int) $application['id']);
+			}
+		}
 
-        $dedupe = (string) ($event['dedupe_key'] ?? hash('sha256', implode('|', [
-            (string) $application['application_uuid'], $current, $next, wp_generate_uuid4(),
-        ])));
-        $this->events->record([
-            'application_id' => (int) $application['id'],
-            'source' => (string) ($event['source'] ?? 'system'),
-            'event_type' => (string) ($event['event_type'] ?? 'status_changed'),
-            'external_event_id' => (string) ($event['external_event_id'] ?? ''),
-            'dedupe_key' => $dedupe,
-            'from_status' => $current,
-            'to_status' => $next,
-            'result_code' => (string) ($event['result_code'] ?? ''),
-            'summary' => is_array($event['summary'] ?? null) ? $event['summary'] : [],
-            'actor_user_id' => (int) ($event['actor_user_id'] ?? 0),
-        ]);
+		if (\AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->transaction_active()) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_nested_transaction', __('认证状态不能开启嵌套事务', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
 
-        if ($next === 'verified') {
-            $this->send_notification((int) $application['user_id'], 'verified', '');
-        } elseif ($next === 'rejected' || $next === 'cancelled') {
-            $this->send_notification((int) $application['user_id'], $next, (string) ($fields['review_note'] ?? ''));
-        }
-        do_action('aksrt_user_auth_reviewed', (int) $application['user_id'], self::public_status($next), (string) ($fields['review_note'] ?? ''), (int) ($fields['reviewer_id'] ?? 0));
+		global $wpdb;
+		if ($wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION') === false) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_db', __('认证状态更新失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$locked = $this->applications->find_by_id_for_update((int) $application['id']);
+		if (!is_array($locked)) {
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_missing', __('认证申请不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 404]);
+		}
+		if ($dedupe !== '') {
+			$existing_event = $this->events->find_by_dedupe($dedupe);
+			if (is_array($existing_event) && (int) $existing_event['application_id'] === (int) $locked['id']) {
+				$wpdb->query('COMMIT');
+				return $locked;
+			}
+		}
 
-        return $this->applications->find_by_id((int) $application['id']);
+		$changed = $this->transition_locked($locked, $next, $fields, $event);
+		if (is_wp_error($changed)) {
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			return $changed;
+		}
+		$updated = $this->applications->find_by_id((int) $locked['id']);
+		if (!is_array($updated) || $wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_db', __('认证状态更新失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$this->after_commit($locked, $next, $fields);
+		return $updated;
     }
 
+	/**
+	 * Apply an identity transition inside an already-owned database transaction.
+	 * The caller must lock the application row before invoking this method.
+	 *
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $application
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $fields
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $event
+	 * @return true|\WP_Error
+	 */
+	public function transition_locked(array $application, string $next, array $fields = [], array $event = []) {
+		$current = sanitize_key((string) ($application['status'] ?? ''));
+		$next = sanitize_key($next);
+		if (!in_array($next, self::ALLOWED[$current] ?? [], true)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_transition', __('该认证记录当前不可执行此操作', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		if (in_array($next, ['verified', 'rejected', 'cancelled'], true)) {
+			$fields['completed_at'] = current_time('mysql', true);
+			$fields['sensitive_blob'] = null;
+		}
+		if (!$this->applications->transition((int) $application['id'], $current, $next, $fields)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_conflict', __('认证状态已变化，请刷新后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+
+		$dedupe = (string) ($event['dedupe_key'] ?? hash('sha256', implode('|', [
+			(string) $application['application_uuid'],
+			$current,
+			$next,
+			wp_generate_uuid4(),
+		])));
+		$recorded = $this->events->record([
+			'application_id' => (int) $application['id'],
+			'source' => (string) ($event['source'] ?? 'system'),
+			'event_type' => (string) ($event['event_type'] ?? 'status_changed'),
+			'external_event_id' => (string) ($event['external_event_id'] ?? ''),
+			'dedupe_key' => $dedupe,
+			'from_status' => $current,
+			'to_status' => $next,
+			'result_code' => (string) ($event['result_code'] ?? ''),
+			'summary' => is_array($event['summary'] ?? null) ? $event['summary'] : [],
+			'actor_user_id' => (int) ($event['actor_user_id'] ?? 0),
+		]);
+		return $recorded
+			? true
+			: new \WP_Error('aksrt_identity_event', __('认证事件写入失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $application @param array<string,mixed> $fields */
+	public function after_commit(array $application, string $next, array $fields = []): void {
+		try {
+			if ($next === 'verified') {
+				$this->send_notification((int) $application['user_id'], 'verified', '');
+			} elseif ($next === 'rejected' || $next === 'cancelled') {
+				$this->send_notification((int) $application['user_id'], $next, (string) ($fields['review_note'] ?? ''));
+			}
+			do_action('aksrt_user_auth_reviewed', (int) $application['user_id'], self::public_status($next), (string) ($fields['review_note'] ?? ''), (int) ($fields['reviewer_id'] ?? 0));
+		} catch (\Throwable $error) {
+			if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
+				error_log('[AKSRT Identity Event] ' . $error->getMessage());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
     public static function public_status(string $status): string {
         if ($status === 'verified') {
             return 'verified';
diff --git a/src/Ledger/AssetAmount.php b/src/Ledger/AssetAmount.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7777417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ledger/AssetAmount.php
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package AKSRT
+ */
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger;
+
+defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
+
+final class AssetAmount {
+	private function __construct(
+		private readonly AssetType $asset,
+		private readonly int $minor
+	) {}
+
+	public static function points(int $points): self {
+		if ($points < 0) {
+			throw new \InvalidArgumentException('points_must_be_non_negative');
+		}
+		return new self(AssetType::POINTS, $points);
+	}
+
+	public static function balance(string $decimal): self {
+		$decimal = trim($decimal);
+		if (!preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:\.(\d{1,2}))?$/', $decimal, $matches)) {
+			throw new \InvalidArgumentException('balance_decimal_invalid');
+		}
+		$whole = (int) $matches[1];
+		$fraction = str_pad((string) ($matches[2] ?? ''), 2, '0');
+		if ($whole > intdiv(PHP_INT_MAX - (int) $fraction, 100)) {
+			throw new \InvalidArgumentException('balance_decimal_overflow');
+		}
+		return new self(AssetType::BALANCE, ($whole * 100) + (int) $fraction);
+	}
+
+	public static function balance_minor(string $decimal): int {
+		return self::balance($decimal)->minor();
+	}
+
+	public static function decimal_from_minor(int $minor): string {
+		return self::from_minor(AssetType::BALANCE, $minor)->decimal();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Apply an integer percentage using half-up rounding without floats.
+	 */
+	public static function percentage(int $minor, int $percent): int {
+		if ($minor < 0) {
+			throw new \InvalidArgumentException('asset_minor_must_be_non_negative');
+		}
+		if ($percent < 0 || $percent > 100) {
+			throw new \InvalidArgumentException('asset_percentage_invalid');
+		}
+
+		$whole = intdiv($minor, 100) * $percent;
+		$remainder = ($minor % 100) * $percent;
+		return $whole + intdiv($remainder + 50, 100);
+	}
+
+	public static function from_minor(AssetType|string $asset, int $minor): self {
+		if ($minor < 0) {
+			throw new \InvalidArgumentException('asset_minor_must_be_non_negative');
+		}
+		return new self(AssetType::from_value($asset), $minor);
+	}
+
+	public function asset(): AssetType {
+		return $this->asset;
+	}
+
+	public function minor(): int {
+		return $this->minor;
+	}
+
+	public function decimal(): string {
+		if ($this->asset === AssetType::POINTS) {
+			return (string) $this->minor;
+		}
+		return sprintf('%d.%02d', intdiv($this->minor, 100), $this->minor % 100);
+	}
+
+	public function formatted(): string {
+		if ($this->asset === AssetType::POINTS) {
+			return number_format_i18n($this->minor);
+		}
+		return $this->decimal();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Ledger/AssetType.php b/src/Ledger/AssetType.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e9394c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ledger/AssetType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package AKSRT
+ */
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger;
+
+defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
+
+enum AssetType: string {
+	case POINTS = 'points';
+	case BALANCE = 'balance';
+
+	public static function from_value(self|string $asset): self {
+		return $asset instanceof self ? $asset : self::from($asset);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Ledger/LedgerAbort.php b/src/Ledger/LedgerAbort.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a914bc62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ledger/LedgerAbort.php
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package AKSRT
+ */
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger;
+
+defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
+
+final class LedgerAbort extends \RuntimeException {
+	public function __construct(public readonly \WP_Error $error) {
+		parent::__construct($error->get_error_code());
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Ledger/LedgerCommand.php b/src/Ledger/LedgerCommand.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..135929af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ledger/LedgerCommand.php
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package AKSRT
+ */
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger;
+
+defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
+
+final class LedgerCommand {
+	/**
+	 * @param array<int,array{user_id:int,asset:string,delta_minor:int,entry_type:string,counterparty_user_id?:int,remark?:string}> $entries
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $metadata
+	 */
+	public function __construct(
+		public readonly string $operation_key,
+		public readonly string $reason,
+		public readonly array $entries,
+		public readonly string $ref_type = '',
+		public readonly string $ref_key = '',
+		public readonly int $actor_user_id = 0,
+		public readonly array $metadata = []
+	) {}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $metadata
+	 */
+	public static function transfer(
+		string $operation_key,
+		string $reason,
+		int $sender_id,
+		int $recipient_id,
+		AssetType|string $asset,
+		int $gross_minor,
+		int $fee_minor,
+		string $ref_type = '',
+		string $ref_key = '',
+		string $sender_remark = '',
+		string $recipient_remark = '',
+		array $metadata = []
+	): self {
+		$asset = AssetType::from_value($asset);
+		if ($sender_id <= 0 || $recipient_id <= 0 || $sender_id === $recipient_id || $gross_minor <= 0 || $fee_minor < 0 || $fee_minor >= $gross_minor) {
+			throw new \InvalidArgumentException('ledger_transfer_invalid');
+		}
+		$net_minor = $gross_minor - $fee_minor;
+		$entries = [[
+			'user_id' => $sender_id,
+			'asset' => $asset->value,
+			'delta_minor' => -$net_minor,
+			'entry_type' => 'transfer_out',
+			'counterparty_user_id' => $recipient_id,
+			'remark' => $sender_remark,
+		]];
+		if ($fee_minor > 0) {
+			$entries[] = [
+				'user_id' => $sender_id,
+				'asset' => $asset->value,
+				'delta_minor' => -$fee_minor,
+				'entry_type' => 'fee',
+				'counterparty_user_id' => $recipient_id,
+				'remark' => __('转账手续费', 'aksrt'),
+			];
+		}
+		$entries[] = [
+			'user_id' => $recipient_id,
+			'asset' => $asset->value,
+			'delta_minor' => $net_minor,
+			'entry_type' => 'transfer_in',
+			'counterparty_user_id' => $sender_id,
+			'remark' => $recipient_remark,
+		];
+		$metadata['gross_minor'] = $gross_minor;
+		$metadata['fee_minor'] = $fee_minor;
+		$metadata['net_minor'] = $net_minor;
+		return new self($operation_key, $reason, $entries, $ref_type, $ref_key, $sender_id, $metadata);
+	}
+
+	public function validate() {
+		if ($this->operation_key === '' || strlen($this->operation_key) > 191 || !preg_match('/^[A-Za-z0-9:._-]+$/', $this->operation_key)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_operation_key', __('账务操作标识无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		if ($this->reason === '' || strlen($this->reason) > 64 || sanitize_key($this->reason) !== $this->reason) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_reason', __('账务原因无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		if ($this->entries === []) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_entries', __('账务明细不能为空', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		if ($this->actor_user_id < 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_actor', __('账务操作者无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		foreach ($this->entries as $entry) {
+			try {
+				AssetType::from((string) ($entry['asset'] ?? ''));
+			} catch (\ValueError $e) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_asset', __('资产类型无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			$user_id = $entry['user_id'] ?? null;
+			$delta_minor = $entry['delta_minor'] ?? null;
+			$entry_type = $entry['entry_type'] ?? null;
+			if (!is_int($user_id) || $user_id <= 0
+				|| !is_int($delta_minor) || $delta_minor === 0 || $delta_minor === PHP_INT_MIN
+				|| !is_string($entry_type) || $entry_type === '' || strlen($entry_type) > 32 || sanitize_key($entry_type) !== $entry_type
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_entry', __('账务明细无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			if (isset($entry['counterparty_user_id']) && (!is_int($entry['counterparty_user_id']) || $entry['counterparty_user_id'] <= 0)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_entry', __('账务明细无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	public function payload_hash(): string {
+		$payload = [
+			'reason' => $this->reason,
+			'entries' => $this->entries,
+			'ref_type' => $this->ref_type,
+			'ref_key' => $this->ref_key,
+			'actor_user_id' => $this->actor_user_id,
+			'metadata' => $this->metadata,
+		];
+		self::sort_recursive($payload);
+		return hash('sha256', (string) wp_json_encode($payload, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES));
+	}
+
+	private static function sort_recursive(array &$value): void {
+		foreach ($value as &$item) {
+			if (is_array($item)) {
+				self::sort_recursive($item);
+			}
+		}
+		unset($item);
+		if (!array_is_list($value)) {
+			ksort($value);
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Ledger/LedgerPresentation.php b/src/Ledger/LedgerPresentation.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bcabd526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ledger/LedgerPresentation.php
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package AKSRT
+ */
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger;
+
+defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
+
+final class LedgerPresentation {
+	public static function reason_label(string $reason): string {
+		$labels = [
+			'admin_adjustment' => __('管理员调整', 'aksrt'),
+			'affiliate_commission' => __('推广佣金结算', 'aksrt'),
+			'card_pass_balance' => __('卡密充值', 'aksrt'),
+			'card_pass_credits' => __('卡密兑换积分', 'aksrt'),
+			'content_points_pay' => __('积分购买内容', 'aksrt'),
+			'creator_income' => __('创作收益结算', 'aksrt'),
+			'free_comment_like' => __('评论被赞奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'free_comment_new' => __('发表评论奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'free_followed' => __('被关注奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'free_login' => __('每日登录奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'free_post_favorite' => __('文章被收藏奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'free_post_like' => __('文章被赞奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'free_post_new' => __('发布文章奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'free_sign_in' => __('签到任务奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'free_sign_up' => __('注册奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'order_payment' => __('订单支付', 'aksrt'),
+			'order_refund' => __('订单退款', 'aksrt'),
+			'points_exchange' => __('余额兑换积分', 'aksrt'),
+			'referral' => __('推广奖励', 'aksrt'),
+			'recharge' => __('余额充值', 'aksrt'),
+			'signin' => __('每日签到', 'aksrt'),
+			'transfer' => __('用户转账', 'aksrt'),
+			'tip' => __('用户赞赏', 'aksrt'),
+			'verify_application' => __('认证申请费用', 'aksrt'),
+			'vip_points_exchange' => __('积分兑换会员', 'aksrt'),
+			'withdraw_hold' => __('提现冻结', 'aksrt'),
+			'withdraw_refund' => __('提现退回', 'aksrt'),
+		];
+		$key = sanitize_key($reason);
+		return $labels[$key] ?? ($reason !== '' ? $reason : __('资产变动', 'aksrt'));
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Ledger/LedgerQuery.php b/src/Ledger/LedgerQuery.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad836803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ledger/LedgerQuery.php
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package AKSRT
+ */
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger;
+
+defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
+
+final class LedgerQuery {
+	private static ?self $instance = null;
+
+	private function __construct() {}
+
+	public static function get_instance(): self {
+		if (self::$instance === null) {
+			self::$instance = new self();
+		}
+		return self::$instance;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $args
+	 * @return array{items:array<int,array<string,mixed>>,total:int,page:int,per_page:int}
+	 */
+	public function history(array $args): array {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$user_id = max(0, (int) ($args['user_id'] ?? 0));
+		$asset = sanitize_key((string) ($args['asset'] ?? ''));
+		$reason = sanitize_key((string) ($args['reason'] ?? ''));
+		$transaction_id = max(0, (int) ($args['transaction_id'] ?? 0));
+		$operation_key = trim(sanitize_text_field((string) ($args['operation_key'] ?? '')));
+		$ref_type = sanitize_key((string) ($args['ref_type'] ?? ''));
+		$ref_key = trim(sanitize_text_field((string) ($args['ref_key'] ?? '')));
+		$actor_user_id = max(0, (int) ($args['actor_user_id'] ?? 0));
+		$page = max(1, (int) ($args['page'] ?? 1));
+		$per_page = min(100, max(1, (int) ($args['per_page'] ?? 20)));
+		$offset = ($page - 1) * $per_page;
+		if ($asset !== '' && !in_array($asset, [AssetType::POINTS->value, AssetType::BALANCE->value], true)) {
+			return ['items' => [], 'total' => 0, 'page' => $page, 'per_page' => $per_page];
+		}
+
+		$entry_table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('asset_entry');
+		$transaction_table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('asset_transaction');
+		$where = ['1=1'];
+		$params = [];
+		if ($user_id > 0) {
+			$where[] = 'e.user_id = %d';
+			$params[] = $user_id;
+		}
+		if ($asset !== '') {
+			$where[] = 'e.asset = %s';
+			$params[] = $asset;
+		}
+		if ($reason !== '') {
+			$where[] = 't.reason = %s';
+			$params[] = $reason;
+		}
+		if ($transaction_id > 0) {
+			$where[] = 't.id = %d';
+			$params[] = $transaction_id;
+		}
+		if ($operation_key !== '') {
+			$where[] = 't.operation_key = %s';
+			$params[] = $operation_key;
+		}
+		if ($ref_type !== '') {
+			$where[] = 't.ref_type = %s';
+			$params[] = $ref_type;
+		}
+		if ($ref_key !== '') {
+			$where[] = 't.ref_key = %s';
+			$params[] = $ref_key;
+		}
+		if ($actor_user_id > 0) {
+			$where[] = 't.actor_user_id = %d';
+			$params[] = $actor_user_id;
+		}
+		if (!empty($args['date_from'])) {
+			$where[] = 't.created_at >= %s';
+			$params[] = (string) $args['date_from'];
+		}
+		if (!empty($args['date_to'])) {
+			$where[] = 't.created_at < %s';
+			$params[] = (string) $args['date_to'];
+		}
+		$where_sql = implode(' AND ', $where);
+
+		$count_sql = "SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT e.transaction_id) FROM {$entry_table} e INNER JOIN {$transaction_table} t ON t.id = e.transaction_id WHERE {$where_sql}";
+		$total = (int) ($params ? $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare($count_sql, $params)) : $wpdb->get_var($count_sql));
+		$id_sql = "SELECT e.transaction_id, MAX(e.id) newest_entry FROM {$entry_table} e INNER JOIN {$transaction_table} t ON t.id = e.transaction_id WHERE {$where_sql} GROUP BY e.transaction_id ORDER BY newest_entry DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d";
+		$id_rows = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare($id_sql, array_merge($params, [$per_page, $offset])), ARRAY_A);
+		$transaction_ids = array_values(array_filter(array_map(static fn($row) => (int) ($row['transaction_id'] ?? 0), (array) $id_rows)));
+		if ($transaction_ids === []) {
+			return ['items' => [], 'total' => $total, 'page' => $page, 'per_page' => $per_page];
+		}
+
+		$placeholders = implode(',', array_fill(0, count($transaction_ids), '%d'));
+		$entry_where = ["e.transaction_id IN ({$placeholders})"];
+		$entry_params = $transaction_ids;
+		if ($user_id > 0) {
+			$entry_where[] = 'e.user_id = %d';
+			$entry_params[] = $user_id;
+		}
+		if ($asset !== '') {
+			$entry_where[] = 'e.asset = %s';
+			$entry_params[] = $asset;
+		}
+		$rows = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT e.*, t.operation_key, t.reason, t.ref_type, t.ref_key, t.actor_user_id, t.metadata, t.created_at transaction_created_at
+			 FROM {$entry_table} e INNER JOIN {$transaction_table} t ON t.id = e.transaction_id
+			 WHERE " . implode(' AND ', $entry_where) . ' ORDER BY e.transaction_id DESC, e.line_no ASC',
+			$entry_params
+		), ARRAY_A);
+
+		$groups = [];
+		foreach ((array) $rows as $row) {
+			$transaction_id = (int) $row['transaction_id'];
+			if (!isset($groups[$transaction_id])) {
+				$groups[$transaction_id] = [
+					'id' => $transaction_id,
+					'operation_key' => (string) $row['operation_key'],
+					'reason' => (string) $row['reason'],
+					'ref_type' => (string) ($row['ref_type'] ?? ''),
+					'ref_key' => (string) ($row['ref_key'] ?? ''),
+					'actor_user_id' => (int) ($row['actor_user_id'] ?? 0),
+					'metadata' => json_decode((string) ($row['metadata'] ?? ''), true) ?: [],
+					'created_at' => (string) $row['transaction_created_at'],
+					'delta_minor' => 0,
+					'fee_minor' => 0,
+					'balance_after_minor' => 0,
+					'counterparty_user_id' => 0,
+					'remark' => '',
+					'assets' => [],
+					'entries' => [],
+				];
+			}
+			$entry = [
+				'id' => (int) $row['id'],
+				'line_no' => (int) $row['line_no'],
+				'user_id' => (int) $row['user_id'],
+				'asset' => (string) $row['asset'],
+				'entry_type' => (string) $row['entry_type'],
+				'delta_minor' => (int) $row['delta_minor'],
+				'balance_after_minor' => (int) $row['balance_after_minor'],
+				'counterparty_user_id' => (int) ($row['counterparty_user_id'] ?? 0),
+				'remark' => (string) ($row['remark'] ?? ''),
+			];
+			$groups[$transaction_id]['entries'][] = $entry;
+			$groups[$transaction_id]['assets'][$entry['asset']] = $entry['asset'];
+			$groups[$transaction_id]['delta_minor'] += $entry['delta_minor'];
+			$groups[$transaction_id]['balance_after_minor'] = $entry['balance_after_minor'];
+			if ($entry['entry_type'] === 'fee') {
+				$groups[$transaction_id]['fee_minor'] += abs($entry['delta_minor']);
+			}
+			if ($groups[$transaction_id]['counterparty_user_id'] === 0 && $entry['counterparty_user_id'] > 0) {
+				$groups[$transaction_id]['counterparty_user_id'] = $entry['counterparty_user_id'];
+			}
+			if ($groups[$transaction_id]['remark'] === '' && $entry['remark'] !== '') {
+				$groups[$transaction_id]['remark'] = $entry['remark'];
+			}
+		}
+		$order = array_flip($transaction_ids);
+		$items = array_values($groups);
+		foreach ($items as &$item) {
+			$item['assets'] = array_values($item['assets']);
+		}
+		unset($item);
+		usort($items, static fn($a, $b) => ($order[$a['id']] ?? PHP_INT_MAX) <=> ($order[$b['id']] ?? PHP_INT_MAX));
+		return ['items' => $items, 'total' => $total, 'page' => $page, 'per_page' => $per_page];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The caller must hold the user's account locks while using this for a limit guard.
+	 */
+	public function sum_credits(int $user_id, string $reason, string $start_utc, string $end_utc): int {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$entry_table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('asset_entry');
+		$transaction_table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('asset_transaction');
+		return max(0, (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT COALESCE(SUM(e.delta_minor), 0) FROM {$entry_table} e
+			 INNER JOIN {$transaction_table} t ON t.id = e.transaction_id
+			 WHERE e.user_id = %d AND e.asset = %s AND e.delta_minor > 0 AND t.reason = %s AND t.created_at >= %s AND t.created_at < %s",
+			$user_id,
+			AssetType::POINTS->value,
+			$reason,
+			$start_utc,
+			$end_utc
+		)));
+	}
+
+	public function sum_positive(int $user_id, AssetType|string $asset, string $reason): int {
+		global $wpdb;
+		if ($user_id <= 0 || sanitize_key($reason) !== $reason || $reason === '') {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		$asset = AssetType::from_value($asset);
+		$entry_table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('asset_entry');
+		$transaction_table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('asset_transaction');
+		return max(0, (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT COALESCE(SUM(e.delta_minor), 0) FROM {$entry_table} e
+			 INNER JOIN {$transaction_table} t ON t.id = e.transaction_id
+			 WHERE e.user_id = %d AND e.asset = %s AND e.delta_minor > 0 AND t.reason = %s",
+			$user_id,
+			$asset->value,
+			$reason
+		)));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $args
+	 * @return array{items:array<int,array<string,mixed>>,total:int,page:int,per_page:int}
+	 */
+	public function list_accounts(AssetType|string $asset, array $args = []): array {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$asset = AssetType::from_value($asset);
+		$page = max(1, (int) ($args['page'] ?? 1));
+		$per_page = min(100, max(1, (int) ($args['per_page'] ?? 20)));
+		$offset = ($page - 1) * $per_page;
+		$search = trim((string) ($args['search'] ?? ''));
+		$where = ['1=1'];
+		$params = [$asset->value];
+		if ($search !== '') {
+			$like = '%' . $wpdb->esc_like($search) . '%';
+			$where[] = '(u.user_login LIKE %s OR u.user_email LIKE %s OR u.display_name LIKE %s)';
+			array_push($params, $like, $like, $like);
+		}
+		$where_sql = implode(' AND ', $where);
+		$total_sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$wpdb->users} u WHERE {$where_sql}";
+		$total_params = array_slice($params, 1);
+		$total = (int) ($total_params ? $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare($total_sql, $total_params)) : $wpdb->get_var($total_sql));
+		$account_table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('asset_account');
+		$sql = "SELECT u.ID id, u.user_login login, u.user_email email, u.display_name, u.user_registered registered,
+			COALESCE(a.balance_minor, 0) balance_minor
+			FROM {$wpdb->users} u LEFT JOIN {$account_table} a ON a.user_id = u.ID AND a.asset = %s
+			WHERE {$where_sql} ORDER BY u.user_registered DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d";
+		$rows = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare($sql, array_merge($params, [$per_page, $offset])), ARRAY_A);
+		foreach ((array) $rows as &$row) {
+			$row['id'] = (int) $row['id'];
+			$row['balance_minor'] = (int) $row['balance_minor'];
+		}
+		unset($row);
+		return ['items' => (array) $rows, 'total' => $total, 'page' => $page, 'per_page' => $per_page];
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Ledger/LedgerResult.php b/src/Ledger/LedgerResult.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c98908c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ledger/LedgerResult.php
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package AKSRT
+ */
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger;
+
+defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
+
+final class LedgerResult {
+	/**
+	 * @param array<int,array<string,mixed>> $entries
+	 * @param array<int,array<string,int>> $balances
+	 */
+	public function __construct(
+		public readonly int $transaction_id,
+		public readonly bool $replayed,
+		public readonly array $entries,
+		public readonly array $balances
+	) {}
+
+	public function balance(int $user_id, AssetType|string $asset): int {
+		$key = AssetType::from_value($asset)->value;
+		return (int) ($this->balances[$user_id][$key] ?? 0);
+	}
+
+	/** @return array<string,mixed> */
+	public function to_array(): array {
+		return [
+			'transaction_id' => $this->transaction_id,
+			'replayed' => $this->replayed,
+			'entries' => $this->entries,
+			'balances' => $this->balances,
+		];
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Ledger/LedgerService.php b/src/Ledger/LedgerService.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3fc09793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ledger/LedgerService.php
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package AKSRT
+ */
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger;
+
+defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
+
+final class LedgerService {
+	private const MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3;
+
+	private static ?self $instance = null;
+	private bool $transaction_active = false;
+	/** @var array<int,callable> */
+	private array $after_commit_callbacks = [];
+
+	private function __construct() {}
+
+	public static function get_instance(): self {
+		if (self::$instance === null) {
+			self::$instance = new self();
+		}
+		return self::$instance;
+	}
+
+	public function transaction_active(): bool {
+		return $this->transaction_active;
+	}
+
+	public function after_commit(callable $callback): bool {
+		if (!$this->transaction_active) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$this->after_commit_callbacks[] = $callback;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	public function balance(int $user_id, AssetType|string $asset): int {
+		global $wpdb;
+		if ($user_id <= 0) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		$asset = AssetType::from_value($asset);
+		$table = $this->table('asset_account');
+		return max(0, (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT balance_minor FROM {$table} WHERE user_id = %d AND asset = %s",
+			$user_id,
+			$asset->value
+		)));
+	}
+
+	public function balance_decimal(int $user_id): string {
+		return AssetAmount::from_minor(AssetType::BALANCE, $this->balance($user_id, AssetType::BALANCE))->decimal();
+	}
+
+	public function format_balance(int $minor): string {
+		return AssetAmount::from_minor(AssetType::BALANCE, max(0, $minor))->formatted();
+	}
+
+	public function result_for_operation(string $operation_key): ?LedgerResult {
+		global $wpdb;
+		if ($operation_key === '' || strlen($operation_key) > 191) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$transaction_id = (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT id FROM {$this->table('asset_transaction')} WHERE operation_key = %s LIMIT 1",
+			$operation_key
+		));
+		return $transaction_id > 0 ? $this->load_result($transaction_id, true) : null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $ref
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $metadata
+	 */
+	public function credit(
+		int $user_id,
+		AssetType|string $asset,
+		int $amount_minor,
+		string $operation_key,
+		string $reason,
+		array $ref = [],
+		string $remark = '',
+		int $actor_user_id = 0,
+		array $metadata = [],
+		?callable $business_mutation = null,
+		?callable $guard = null
+	) {
+		try {
+			$asset = AssetType::from_value($asset);
+		} catch (\ValueError $e) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_asset', __('资产类型无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		if ($amount_minor <= 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_amount', __('入账金额必须大于零', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		return $this->post(new LedgerCommand(
+			$operation_key,
+			sanitize_key($reason),
+			[[
+				'user_id' => $user_id,
+				'asset' => $asset->value,
+				'delta_minor' => $amount_minor,
+				'entry_type' => 'credit',
+				'remark' => $remark,
+			]],
+			$this->ref_type($ref),
+			$this->ref_key($ref),
+			$actor_user_id,
+			$metadata
+		), $guard, $business_mutation);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $ref
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $metadata
+	 */
+	public function debit(
+		int $user_id,
+		AssetType|string $asset,
+		int $amount_minor,
+		string $operation_key,
+		string $reason,
+		array $ref = [],
+		string $remark = '',
+		int $actor_user_id = 0,
+		array $metadata = [],
+		?callable $business_mutation = null,
+		?callable $guard = null
+	) {
+		try {
+			$asset = AssetType::from_value($asset);
+		} catch (\ValueError $e) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_asset', __('资产类型无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		if ($amount_minor <= 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_amount', __('扣减金额必须大于零', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		return $this->post(new LedgerCommand(
+			$operation_key,
+			sanitize_key($reason),
+			[[
+				'user_id' => $user_id,
+				'asset' => $asset->value,
+				'delta_minor' => -$amount_minor,
+				'entry_type' => 'debit',
+				'remark' => $remark,
+			]],
+			$this->ref_type($ref),
+			$this->ref_key($ref),
+			$actor_user_id,
+			$metadata
+		), $guard, $business_mutation);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $ref
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $metadata
+	 */
+	public function transfer(
+		int $sender_id,
+		int $recipient_id,
+		AssetType|string $asset,
+		int $gross_minor,
+		int $fee_minor,
+		string $operation_key,
+		string $reason,
+		array $ref = [],
+		string $sender_remark = '',
+		string $recipient_remark = '',
+		array $metadata = []
+	) {
+		try {
+			$asset = AssetType::from_value($asset);
+		} catch (\ValueError $e) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_asset', __('资产类型无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		if ($sender_id <= 0 || $recipient_id <= 0 || $sender_id === $recipient_id || $gross_minor <= 0 || $fee_minor < 0 || $fee_minor >= $gross_minor) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_transfer', __('转账参数无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		return $this->post(LedgerCommand::transfer(
+			$operation_key,
+			sanitize_key($reason),
+			$sender_id,
+			$recipient_id,
+			$asset,
+			$gross_minor,
+			$fee_minor,
+			$this->ref_type($ref),
+			$this->ref_key($ref),
+			$sender_remark,
+			$recipient_remark,
+			$metadata
+		));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $ref
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $metadata
+	 */
+	public function exchange(
+		int $user_id,
+		int $balance_minor,
+		int $points,
+		string $operation_key,
+		string $reason,
+		array $ref = [],
+		string $remark = '',
+		array $metadata = [],
+		?callable $guard = null,
+		?callable $business_mutation = null
+	) {
+		if ($user_id <= 0 || $balance_minor <= 0 || $points <= 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_exchange', __('兑换参数无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		return $this->post(new LedgerCommand(
+			$operation_key,
+			sanitize_key($reason),
+			[
+				['user_id' => $user_id, 'asset' => AssetType::BALANCE->value, 'delta_minor' => -$balance_minor, 'entry_type' => 'exchange_out', 'remark' => $remark],
+				['user_id' => $user_id, 'asset' => AssetType::POINTS->value, 'delta_minor' => $points, 'entry_type' => 'exchange_in', 'remark' => $remark],
+			],
+			$this->ref_type($ref),
+			$this->ref_key($ref),
+			$user_id,
+			$metadata
+		), $guard, $business_mutation);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param null|callable(int,array<int,array<string,int>>):(true|\WP_Error) $guard
+	 * @param null|callable(int,LedgerResult):(true|\WP_Error) $business_mutation
+	 * @return LedgerResult|\WP_Error
+	 */
+	public function post(LedgerCommand $command, ?callable $guard = null, ?callable $business_mutation = null) {
+		if ($this->transaction_active) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_nested', __('账务事务内禁止再次提交账务', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$valid = $command->validate();
+		if (is_wp_error($valid)) {
+			return $valid;
+		}
+
+		$payload_hash = $command->payload_hash();
+		for ($attempt = 1; $attempt <= self::MAX_ATTEMPTS; $attempt++) {
+			$result = $this->attempt_post($command, $payload_hash, $guard, $business_mutation);
+			if (!is_wp_error($result) || $result->get_error_code() !== 'aksrt_ledger_retry') {
+				return $result;
+			}
+			usleep(random_int(10000, 50000));
+		}
+		return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_db', __('账务处理失败，请稍后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+	}
+
+	private function attempt_post(LedgerCommand $command, string $payload_hash, ?callable $guard, ?callable $business_mutation) {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$account_table = $this->table('asset_account');
+		$transaction_table = $this->table('asset_transaction');
+		$entry_table = $this->table('asset_entry');
+		$created_at = self::utc_now();
+
+		if ($wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION') === false) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_db', __('无法开启账务事务', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$this->transaction_active = true;
+		$this->after_commit_callbacks = [];
+
+		try {
+			$inserted = $wpdb->insert($transaction_table, [
+				'operation_key' => $command->operation_key,
+				'payload_hash' => $payload_hash,
+				'reason' => $command->reason,
+				'ref_type' => $command->ref_type !== '' ? sanitize_key($command->ref_type) : null,
+				'ref_key' => $command->ref_key !== '' ? substr(sanitize_text_field($command->ref_key), 0, 191) : null,
+				'actor_user_id' => max(0, $command->actor_user_id),
+				'metadata' => $command->metadata !== [] ? wp_json_encode($command->metadata, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES) : null,
+				'ip' => self::client_ip(),
+				'ua' => self::client_ua(),
+				'created_at' => $created_at,
+			], ['%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s']);
+			if ($inserted !== 1) {
+				$errno = $this->last_db_errno();
+				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+				$this->transaction_active = false;
+				$this->after_commit_callbacks = [];
+				$existing = $this->replay($command->operation_key, $payload_hash);
+				if ($existing !== null) {
+					return $existing;
+				}
+				return $this->db_error($errno);
+			}
+			$transaction_id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;
+
+			$account_keys = [];
+			foreach ($command->entries as $entry) {
+				$key = (string) $entry['asset'] . ':' . (int) $entry['user_id'];
+				$account_keys[$key] = ['user_id' => (int) $entry['user_id'], 'asset' => (string) $entry['asset']];
+			}
+			$account_keys = array_values($account_keys);
+			usort($account_keys, static function (array $left, array $right): int {
+				$asset_order = strcmp((string) $left['asset'], (string) $right['asset']);
+				return $asset_order !== 0
+					? $asset_order
+					: ((int) $left['user_id'] <=> (int) $right['user_id']);
+			});
+			foreach ($account_keys as $account) {
+				$wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
+					"INSERT IGNORE INTO {$account_table} (user_id, asset, balance_minor, version, updated_at) VALUES (%d, %s, 0, 0, %s)",
+					$account['user_id'],
+					$account['asset'],
+					$created_at
+				));
+			}
+
+			$balances = [];
+			foreach ($account_keys as $account) {
+				$minor = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+					"SELECT balance_minor FROM {$account_table} WHERE user_id = %d AND asset = %s FOR UPDATE",
+					$account['user_id'],
+					$account['asset']
+				));
+				if ($minor === null) {
+					throw new \RuntimeException('asset_account_lock_failed');
+				}
+				$balances[$account['user_id']][$account['asset']] = (int) $minor;
+			}
+
+			if ($guard !== null) {
+				$guard_result = $guard($transaction_id, $balances);
+				if (is_wp_error($guard_result)) {
+					if ($this->is_retryable_errno($this->last_db_errno())) {
+						throw new \RuntimeException('ledger_guard_lock_failed');
+					}
+					throw new LedgerAbort($guard_result);
+				}
+				if ($guard_result !== true) {
+					throw new \RuntimeException('ledger_guard_failed');
+				}
+			}
+
+			$projected_balances = $balances;
+			$prepared_entries = [];
+			foreach ($command->entries as $index => $entry) {
+				$user_id = (int) $entry['user_id'];
+				$asset = (string) $entry['asset'];
+				$delta = (int) $entry['delta_minor'];
+				$before = (int) $projected_balances[$user_id][$asset];
+				if ($delta > 0 && $before > PHP_INT_MAX - $delta) {
+					throw new LedgerAbort(new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_overflow', __('资产余额超出可用范围', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]));
+				}
+				$after = $before + $delta;
+				if ($after < 0) {
+					$code = $asset === AssetType::POINTS->value ? 'aksrt_points_insufficient' : 'aksrt_balance_insufficient';
+					throw new LedgerAbort(new \WP_Error($code, $asset === AssetType::POINTS->value ? __('积分不足', 'aksrt') : __('余额不足', 'aksrt'), [
+						'status' => 402,
+						'balance_minor' => $before,
+						'required_minor' => abs($delta),
+					]));
+				}
+				$projected_balances[$user_id][$asset] = $after;
+				$prepared_entries[] = [
+					'transaction_id' => $transaction_id,
+					'line_no' => $index + 1,
+					'user_id' => $user_id,
+					'asset' => $asset,
+					'entry_type' => sanitize_key((string) ($entry['entry_type'] ?? 'adjustment')),
+					'delta_minor' => $delta,
+					'balance_after_minor' => $after,
+					'counterparty_user_id' => max(0, (int) ($entry['counterparty_user_id'] ?? 0)) ?: null,
+					'remark' => !empty($entry['remark']) ? substr(sanitize_text_field((string) $entry['remark']), 0, 255) : null,
+					'created_at' => $created_at,
+				];
+			}
+
+			foreach ($account_keys as $account) {
+				$user_id = (int) $account['user_id'];
+				$asset = (string) $account['asset'];
+				$updated = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
+					"UPDATE {$account_table} SET balance_minor = %d, version = version + 1, updated_at = %s WHERE user_id = %d AND asset = %s",
+					(int) $projected_balances[$user_id][$asset],
+					$created_at,
+					$user_id,
+					$asset
+				));
+				if ($updated !== 1) {
+					throw new \RuntimeException('asset_account_update_failed');
+				}
+			}
+
+			$written_entries = [];
+			foreach ($prepared_entries as $entry_row) {
+				if ($wpdb->insert($entry_table, $entry_row, ['%d', '%d', '%d', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%d', '%d', '%s', '%s']) !== 1) {
+					throw new \RuntimeException('asset_entry_insert_failed');
+				}
+				$written_entries[] = array_merge(['id' => (int) $wpdb->insert_id], $entry_row);
+			}
+
+			$result = new LedgerResult($transaction_id, false, $written_entries, $projected_balances);
+			if ($business_mutation !== null) {
+				$mutation_result = $business_mutation($transaction_id, $result);
+				if (is_wp_error($mutation_result)) {
+					if ($this->is_retryable_errno($this->last_db_errno())) {
+						throw new \RuntimeException('ledger_business_lock_failed');
+					}
+					throw new LedgerAbort($mutation_result);
+				}
+				if ($mutation_result !== true) {
+					throw new \RuntimeException('ledger_business_mutation_failed');
+				}
+			}
+			if ($wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
+				throw new \RuntimeException('ledger_commit_failed');
+			}
+			$after_commit_callbacks = $this->after_commit_callbacks;
+			$this->after_commit_callbacks = [];
+			$this->transaction_active = false;
+			try {
+				do_action('aksrt_asset_transaction_committed', $result, $command);
+			} catch (\Throwable $event_error) {
+				if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
+					error_log('[AKSRT Ledger Event] ' . $event_error->getMessage());
+				}
+			}
+			foreach ($after_commit_callbacks as $callback) {
+				try {
+					$callback();
+				} catch (\Throwable $event_error) {
+					if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
+						error_log('[AKSRT Ledger After Commit] ' . $event_error->getMessage());
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return $result;
+		} catch (LedgerAbort $e) {
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			$this->clean_rolled_back_user_caches($command);
+			$this->transaction_active = false;
+			$this->after_commit_callbacks = [];
+			return $e->error;
+		} catch (\Throwable $e) {
+			$errno = $this->last_db_errno();
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			$this->clean_rolled_back_user_caches($command);
+			$this->transaction_active = false;
+			$this->after_commit_callbacks = [];
+			return $this->db_error($errno, $e->getMessage());
+		}
+	}
+
+	private function replay(string $operation_key, string $payload_hash) {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$transaction_table = $this->table('asset_transaction');
+		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT id, payload_hash FROM {$transaction_table} WHERE operation_key = %s",
+			$operation_key
+		), ARRAY_A);
+		if (!is_array($row)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		if (!hash_equals((string) $row['payload_hash'], $payload_hash)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他账务请求', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		return $this->load_result((int) $row['id'], true);
+	}
+
+	private function load_result(int $transaction_id, bool $replayed): LedgerResult {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$entry_table = $this->table('asset_entry');
+		$entries = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT * FROM {$entry_table} WHERE transaction_id = %d ORDER BY line_no ASC",
+			$transaction_id
+		), ARRAY_A);
+		$balances = [];
+		foreach ((array) $entries as &$entry) {
+			foreach (['id', 'transaction_id', 'line_no', 'user_id', 'delta_minor', 'balance_after_minor', 'counterparty_user_id'] as $field) {
+				$entry[$field] = (int) ($entry[$field] ?? 0);
+			}
+			$balances[$entry['user_id']][(string) $entry['asset']] = $entry['balance_after_minor'];
+		}
+		unset($entry);
+		return new LedgerResult($transaction_id, $replayed, (array) $entries, $balances);
+	}
+
+	private function db_error(int $errno, string $detail = ''): \WP_Error {
+		if ($this->is_retryable_errno($errno)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_retry', __('账务事务发生锁冲突', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG && $detail !== '') {
+			error_log('[AKSRT Ledger] ' . $detail);
+		}
+		return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_db', __('账务数据库写入失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+	}
+
+	private function is_retryable_errno(int $errno): bool {
+		return in_array($errno, [1205, 1213], true);
+	}
+
+	private function clean_rolled_back_user_caches(LedgerCommand $command): void {
+		if (!function_exists('clean_user_cache')) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$user_ids = [];
+		foreach ($command->entries as $entry) {
+			$user_id = (int) ($entry['user_id'] ?? 0);
+			if ($user_id > 0) {
+				$user_ids[$user_id] = $user_id;
+			}
+		}
+		foreach ($user_ids as $user_id) {
+			clean_user_cache($user_id);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private function last_db_errno(): int {
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (isset($wpdb->dbh) && $wpdb->dbh instanceof \mysqli) {
+			return mysqli_errno($wpdb->dbh);
+		}
+		if (isset($wpdb->last_errno)) {
+			return (int) $wpdb->last_errno;
+		}
+		if (preg_match('/\\b(1205|1213)\\b/', (string) ($wpdb->last_error ?? ''), $matches)) {
+			return (int) $matches[1];
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $ref */
+	private function ref_type(array $ref): string {
+		return sanitize_key((string) ($ref['type'] ?? ''));
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $ref */
+	private function ref_key(array $ref): string {
+		foreach (['key', 'order', 'id', 'ref_id'] as $field) {
+			if (isset($ref[$field]) && (string) $ref[$field] !== '') {
+				return (string) $ref[$field];
+			}
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+	private function table(string $name): string {
+		return \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table($name);
+	}
+
+	private static function utc_now(): string {
+		return (new \DateTimeImmutable('now', new \DateTimeZone('UTC')))->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
+	}
+
+	private static function client_ip(): ?string {
+		$ip = function_exists('aksrt_get_client_ip') ? (string) aksrt_get_client_ip() : (string) ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] ?? '');
+		$ip = substr(sanitize_text_field(wp_unslash($ip)), 0, 64);
+		return $ip !== '' ? $ip : null;
+	}
+
+	private static function client_ua(): ?string {
+		$ua = substr(sanitize_text_field(wp_unslash((string) ($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? ''))), 0, 255);
+		return $ua !== '' ? $ua : null;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Ledger/OperationKey.php b/src/Ledger/OperationKey.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..363c001b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Ledger/OperationKey.php
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * @package AKSRT
+ */
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger;
+
+defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
+
+final class OperationKey {
+	/** @param array<int,string|int> $parts */
+	public static function deterministic(string $scope, array $parts): string {
+		$tokens = [self::token($scope)];
+		foreach ($parts as $part) {
+			$tokens[] = self::token((string) $part);
+		}
+		$key = implode(':', $tokens);
+		if (strlen($key) > 191) {
+			$key = self::token($scope) . ':' . hash('sha256', $key);
+		}
+		return $key;
+	}
+
+	/** @return string|\WP_Error */
+	public static function from_request(\WP_REST_Request $request, string $scope, int $actor_user_id) {
+		$request_id = trim((string) $request->get_header('Idempotency-Key'));
+		if (!wp_is_uuid($request_id)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_idempotency_key', __('缺少或无效的 Idempotency-Key 请求头', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		return self::deterministic('client-' . $scope, [$actor_user_id, strtolower($request_id)]);
+	}
+
+	private static function token(string $value): string {
+		$value = strtolower(trim($value));
+		$value = (string) preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9._-]+/', '-', $value);
+		$value = trim($value, '-');
+		return $value !== '' ? $value : 'none';
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Payment/BalanceGateway.php b/src/Payment/BalanceGateway.php
index 01c09067..b05019ab 100644
--- a/src/Payment/BalanceGateway.php
+++ b/src/Payment/BalanceGateway.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 /**
  * 站内余额支付网关（内置实现）。
  *
- * 仅扣现金钱包（\AKSRT\Credits\Balance / pay_balance_s），不再回退到积分。
+ * 仅扣统一资产账本中的现金余额。
  */
 
 class BalanceGateway implements GatewayInterface {
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ class BalanceGateway implements GatewayInterface {
     }
 
     public function is_configured(): bool {
-        // Cash wallet only — do not treat points as 余额.
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') || !\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled()) {
+        if (!$this->balance_enabled()) {
             return false;
         }
         if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime')) {
@@ -36,32 +35,85 @@ class BalanceGateway implements GatewayInterface {
 
     public function create_payment(array $order): array {
         $user_id = (int) ($order['user_id'] ?? 0);
-        $amount = round((float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0), 2);
         $order_number = (string) ($order['order_number'] ?? '');
 
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') || !\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled()) {
+        if (!$this->balance_enabled()) {
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('余额功能未启用', 'aksrt')];
         }
         if ($user_id <= 0) {
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('请先登录', 'aksrt')];
+		}
+		global $wpdb;
+		$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('order');
+		$amount = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT amount FROM {$table} WHERE order_number = %s",
+			$order_number
+		));
+        try {
+			$amount_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($amount) ? $amount : '')->minor();
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('支付金额无效', 'aksrt')];
         }
-        $balance = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::balance($user_id);
-        if ($balance < $amount) {
-            return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('余额不足', 'aksrt')];
-        }
-        $result = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::deduct(
+        $transaction_code = 'BAL_' . $order_number;
+		$guard = static function () use ($order_number, $user_id, $amount_minor) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('order');
+			$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+				"SELECT user_id, amount, status FROM {$table} WHERE order_number = %s FOR UPDATE",
+				$order_number
+			), ARRAY_A);
+			try {
+				$current_minor = is_array($current)
+					? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) ($current['amount'] ?? ''))->minor()
+					: -1;
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				$current_minor = -1;
+			}
+			if (!is_array($current)
+				|| (int) ($current['user_id'] ?? 0) !== $user_id
+				|| $current_minor !== $amount_minor
+				|| !in_array((string) ($current['status'] ?? ''), [Order::STATUS_CREATED, Order::STATUS_PENDING], true)
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单状态或金额已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+        $result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->debit(
             $user_id,
-            $amount,
+            \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE,
+            $amount_minor,
+            \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('order-payment', [$order_number]),
             'order_payment',
-            ['type' => 'order', 'id' => 0, 'order' => $order_number],
-            sprintf(__('订单 %s 支付', 'aksrt'), $order_number)
+            ['type' => 'order', 'key' => $order_number],
+            sprintf(__('订单 %s 支付', 'aksrt'), $order_number),
+            $user_id,
+            ['order_number' => $order_number],
+			static function () use ($order_number, $transaction_code, $order) {
+                $paid = OrderRepository::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, Order::STATUS_PAID, [
+                    'payment_method' => 'balance',
+                    'payment_transaction_id' => $transaction_code,
+                    'note' => (string) ($order['_ledger_paid_note'] ?? __('余额支付成功', 'aksrt')),
+                    'require_transition' => true,
+                ]);
+                return $paid ? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单状态确认失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			},
+			$guard
         );
         if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-            return ['success' => false, 'message' => $result->get_error_message() ?: __('扣款失败', 'aksrt')];
+            $error_data = $result->get_error_data();
+            return [
+                'success' => false,
+                'code' => $result->get_error_code(),
+                'status' => is_array($error_data) ? (int) ($error_data['status'] ?? 500) : 500,
+                'message' => $result->get_error_message() ?: __('扣款失败', 'aksrt'),
+            ];
         }
         return [
             'success'        => true,
-            'transaction_id' => 'BAL_' . ($order_number !== '' ? $order_number : (string) time()),
+            'transaction_id' => $transaction_code,
+            'ledger_transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+            'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+            'order_committed' => true,
             'message'        => __('余额支付成功', 'aksrt'),
         ];
     }
@@ -86,7 +138,7 @@ class BalanceGateway implements GatewayInterface {
         ];
     }
 
-    public function refund(string $order_number, float $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
+	public function refund(string $order_number, string $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
         $order_repo = OrderRepository::get_instance();
         $order = $order_repo->get($order_number);
 
@@ -95,53 +147,140 @@ class BalanceGateway implements GatewayInterface {
         }
 
         $user_id = (int) $order['user_id'];
-        $amount = round((float) $amount, 2);
-
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') || !\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled()) {
+        if (!$this->balance_enabled()) {
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('余额功能未启用', 'aksrt')];
         }
 
         $request_id = sanitize_text_field($request_id);
-        $refund_key = $request_id !== '' ? $request_id : 'order:' . $order_number;
-        $lock_key   = 'aksrt_balance_refund_' . hash('sha256', $refund_key);
-        $existing   = get_option($lock_key, []);
-        if (is_array($existing) && ($existing['status'] ?? '') === 'succeeded') {
-            return [
-                'success'   => true,
-                'refund_id' => 'BAL_REF_' . $order_number,
-                'message'   => __('退款已处理（幂等）', 'aksrt'),
-            ];
-        }
-        if (is_array($existing) && ($existing['status'] ?? '') === 'pending') {
-            return ['success' => false, 'status' => 'pending', 'message' => __('退款正在处理中，请稍后查询', 'aksrt')];
-        }
-
-        $marker = ['status' => 'pending', 'token' => wp_generate_uuid4(), 'created_at' => time()];
-        if (!add_option($lock_key, $marker, '', false)) {
-            return ['success' => false, 'status' => 'pending', 'message' => __('退款正在处理中，请稍后查询', 'aksrt')];
-        }
-
-        try {
-            $result = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::add(
-                $user_id,
-                $amount,
-                'order_refund',
-                ['type' => 'order', 'order' => $order_number, 'request_id' => $request_id],
-                sprintf(__('订单 %s 退款', 'aksrt'), $order_number)
-            );
+		try {
+			$amount_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($amount)->minor();
+			if ($amount_minor <= 0) {
+				return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('退款金额无效', 'aksrt')];
+			}
+			$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('order-refund', [$request_id !== '' ? $request_id : $order_number]);
+			$history = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['operation_key' => $operation_key, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 1]);
+			if (!empty($history['items'][0])) {
+				$committed = $history['items'][0];
+				$refund_entry = null;
+				foreach ((array) ($committed['entries'] ?? []) as $entry) {
+					if ((int) ($entry['user_id'] ?? 0) === $user_id
+						&& (string) ($entry['asset'] ?? '') === \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE->value
+						&& (string) ($entry['entry_type'] ?? '') === 'refund'
+					) {
+						$refund_entry = $entry;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				if ((string) ($committed['reason'] ?? '') !== 'order_refund'
+					|| (string) ($committed['ref_type'] ?? '') !== 'order'
+					|| (string) ($committed['ref_key'] ?? '') !== $order_number
+					|| !is_array($refund_entry)
+					|| (int) ($refund_entry['delta_minor'] ?? 0) !== $amount_minor
+				) {
+					return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('相同退款标识已用于其他请求', 'aksrt')];
+				}
+				return [
+					'success' => true,
+					'refund_id' => 'BAL_REF_' . $order_number,
+					'transaction_id' => (int) ($committed['id'] ?? 0),
+					'ledger_transaction_id' => (int) ($committed['id'] ?? 0),
+					'replayed' => true,
+					'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
+					'message' => __('退款成功', 'aksrt'),
+				];
+			}
+			$commission = CommissionLedger::get_instance();
+			$commission_plan = $commission->prepare_full_refund($order_number);
+			if (is_wp_error($commission_plan)) {
+				return ['success' => false, 'message' => $commission_plan->get_error_message()];
+			}
+			$guard = static function () use ($order_number, $user_id, $amount_minor, $commission, $commission_plan) {
+				global $wpdb;
+				$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('order');
+				$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+					"SELECT user_id, amount, payment_method, status FROM {$table} WHERE order_number = %s FOR UPDATE",
+					$order_number
+				), ARRAY_A);
+				try {
+					$order_minor = is_array($current)
+						? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) ($current['amount'] ?? ''))->minor()
+						: -1;
+				} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+					$order_minor = -1;
+				}
+				if (!is_array($current)
+					|| (int) ($current['user_id'] ?? 0) !== $user_id
+					|| sanitize_key((string) ($current['payment_method'] ?? '')) !== 'balance'
+					|| $order_minor !== $amount_minor
+					|| !in_array((string) ($current['status'] ?? ''), [Order::STATUS_PAID, Order::STATUS_DELIVERED, Order::STATUS_COMPLETED, Order::STATUS_REFUNDING], true)
+				) {
+					return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_refund_conflict', __('退款订单状态或金额已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+				}
+				return $commission->guard_full_refund($commission_plan);
+			};
+			$mutation = static function () use ($order_number, $commission, $commission_plan) {
+				$repo = OrderRepository::get_instance();
+				$current = $repo->get($order_number);
+				if (!is_array($current)) {
+					return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_refund_failed', __('退款订单不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 404]);
+				}
+				if ((string) ($current['status'] ?? '') !== Order::STATUS_REFUNDING
+					&& !$repo->update_status($order_number, Order::STATUS_REFUNDING, ['note' => __('余额退款处理中', 'aksrt')])) {
+					return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_refund_failed', __('退款状态更新失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+				}
+				if (!$repo->update_status($order_number, Order::STATUS_REFUNDED, ['note' => __('余额退款已完成', 'aksrt')])) {
+					return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_refund_failed', __('退款状态更新失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+				}
+				return $commission->apply_full_refund($commission_plan);
+			};
+			$entries = [[
+				'user_id' => $user_id,
+				'asset' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE->value,
+				'delta_minor' => $amount_minor,
+				'entry_type' => 'refund',
+				'remark' => sprintf(__('订单 %s 退款', 'aksrt'), $order_number),
+			]];
+			if (!empty($commission_plan['active']) && (string) ($commission_plan['status'] ?? '') === 'settled') {
+				$entries[] = [
+					'user_id' => (int) $commission_plan['promoter_id'],
+					'asset' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE->value,
+					'delta_minor' => -(int) $commission_plan['amount_minor'],
+					'entry_type' => 'commission_reversal',
+					'counterparty_user_id' => $user_id,
+					'remark' => sprintf(__('订单 %s 返佣退款冲正', 'aksrt'), $order_number),
+				];
+			}
+			$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->post(new \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerCommand(
+				$operation_key,
+				'order_refund',
+				$entries,
+				'order',
+				$order_number,
+				0,
+				['request_id' => $request_id, 'commission_id' => (int) ($commission_plan['id'] ?? 0)]
+			), $guard, $mutation);
             if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-                delete_option($lock_key);
                 return ['success' => false, 'message' => $result->get_error_message() ?: __('退款失败', 'aksrt')];
             }
-            update_option($lock_key, [
-                'status'       => 'succeeded',
-                'refund_id'    => 'BAL_REF_' . $order_number,
-                'completed_at' => time(),
-            ], false);
-            return ['success' => true, 'refund_id' => 'BAL_REF_' . $order_number, 'message' => __('退款成功', 'aksrt')];
+			return [
+				'success' => true,
+				'refund_id' => 'BAL_REF_' . $order_number,
+				'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+				'ledger_transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+				'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+				'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
+				'message' => __('退款成功', 'aksrt'),
+			];
         } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            delete_option($lock_key);
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => $e->getMessage()];
         }
     }
+
+    private function balance_enabled(): bool {
+        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $settings = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings();
+        return !empty($settings['enabled']);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Payment/ChargeCard.php b/src/Payment/ChargeCard.php
index b04b049b..592fa579 100644
--- a/src/Payment/ChargeCard.php
+++ b/src/Payment/ChargeCard.php
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ class ChargeCard {
             'methods'             => 'POST',
             'callback'            => [$this, 'rest_redeem'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_logged_in_rest'],
+			'args' => [
+				'password' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'minLength' => 1, 'maxLength' => 80, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'card' => ['type' => 'string', 'default' => '', 'maxLength' => 60, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				'type' => ['type' => 'string', 'default' => '', 'enum' => ['', self::TYPE_BALANCE, self::TYPE_VIP, self::TYPE_CREDITS]],
+			],
         ]);
     }
 
@@ -90,14 +95,19 @@ class ChargeCard {
         if (!is_array($params)) {
             $params = $request->get_params();
         }
-        $password = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['password'] ?? $params['code'] ?? ''));
+		$password = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['password'] ?? ''));
         $card     = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['card'] ?? ''));
         $type     = sanitize_key((string) ($params['type'] ?? ''));
         if ($type !== '' && !in_array($type, [self::TYPE_BALANCE, self::TYPE_VIP, self::TYPE_CREDITS], true)) {
             $type = '';
         }
 
-        $result = $this->redeem_for_user(get_current_user_id(), $password, $card, $type);
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'card-redeem', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return $operation_key;
+		}
+
+        $result = $this->redeem_for_user(get_current_user_id(), $password, $card, $type, $operation_key);
         if (is_wp_error($result)) {
             return $result;
         }
@@ -159,18 +169,17 @@ class ChargeCard {
             }
         }
 
-        // Points card-pass: legacy points_pass_exchange_* (stored in aksrt_settings).
         $credits = ['enabled' => false, 'desc' => '', 'only_password' => true];
         $all = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') && method_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings', 'get_all')
             ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_all()
             : (array) get_option('aksrt_settings', []);
-        if (!empty($all['points_pass_exchange_s'])) {
+        if (!empty($all['asset_points_card_enabled'])) {
             // Require credits system on when available.
             $credits_on = !class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') || !method_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings', 'credits_enabled') || \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::credits_enabled();
             $credits = [
                 'enabled'       => $credits_on,
-                'desc'          => sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($all['points_pass_exchange_desc'] ?? '')),
-                'only_password' => !isset($all['points_pass_exchange_only_password']) || !empty($all['points_pass_exchange_only_password']),
+                'desc'          => sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($all['asset_points_card_description'] ?? '')),
+                'only_password' => !isset($all['asset_points_card_password_only']) || !empty($all['asset_points_card_password_only']),
             ];
         }
 
@@ -186,7 +195,7 @@ class ChargeCard {
      * Create one card.
      *
      * Accepted $data keys:
-     * - password|code (required unless auto)
+	 * - password (required)
      * - card (optional)
      * - type balance|vip|credits
      * - amount (balance)
@@ -203,7 +212,7 @@ class ChargeCard {
             $type = self::TYPE_BALANCE;
         }
 
-        $password = sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['password'] ?? $data['code'] ?? ''));
+		$password = sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['password'] ?? ''));
         if ($password === '') {
             return 0;
         }
@@ -225,7 +234,7 @@ class ChargeCard {
 
         $expires_at = sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['expires_at'] ?? ''));
         $note       = sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($data['note'] ?? ''));
-        $amount_col = (float) ($meta['amount'] ?? $meta['points'] ?? 0);
+		$amount_col = (string) ($meta['amount'] ?? $meta['points'] ?? '0');
 
         $result = $wpdb->insert($this->table(), [
             'card'         => $card,
@@ -276,9 +285,9 @@ class ChargeCard {
     }
 
     /**
-     * @return array{success:bool,message:string,type?:string,amount?:float,level?:int,days?:int,order_number?:string,balance?:int}|\WP_Error
+	 * @return array{success:bool,message:string,type?:string,amount?:string|int,level?:int,days?:int,order_number?:string,balance?:string|int}|\WP_Error
      */
-    public function redeem_for_user(int $user_id, string $password, string $card = '', string $expected_type = '') {
+    public function redeem_for_user(int $user_id, string $password, string $card = '', string $expected_type = '', string $operation_key = '') {
         $user_id  = max(0, $user_id);
         $password = sanitize_text_field($password);
         $card     = sanitize_text_field($card);
@@ -328,7 +337,7 @@ class ChargeCard {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_invalid', __('卡号或卡密错误', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
         }
 
-        if (!empty($row['expires_at']) && strtotime((string) $row['expires_at']) < time()) {
+        if ((string) ($row['status'] ?? '') === self::STATUS_ACTIVE && !empty($row['expires_at']) && strtotime((string) $row['expires_at']) < time()) {
             global $wpdb;
             $wpdb->update($this->table(), ['status' => self::STATUS_EXPIRED], ['id' => (int) $row['id']], ['%s'], ['%d']);
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_expired', __('卡密已过期', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
@@ -337,47 +346,16 @@ class ChargeCard {
         $meta = $this->decode_meta($row);
         $card_id = (int) $row['id'];
 
-        // Create audit order first (pending), then CAS mark used, then fulfill + mark paid.
-        $order_number = $this->create_redeem_order($user_id, $type, $meta, $card_id, $password);
-        if ($order_number === '') {
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-        }
-
-        if (!$this->mark_used_cas($card_id, $user_id, $order_number)) {
-            // Race lost.
-            if (class_exists('AKSRT\\Payment\\Order')) {
-                Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, Order::STATUS_CANCELLED, [
-                    'note' => __('卡密已被使用，订单取消', 'aksrt'),
-                ]);
-            }
-            return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_used', __('该卡密已使用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
-        }
-
-        $fulfill = $this->fulfill($user_id, $type, $meta, $order_number, $card_id);
-        if (is_wp_error($fulfill)) {
-            return $fulfill;
-        }
-
-        if (class_exists('AKSRT\\Payment\\Order')) {
-            Order::get_instance()->update_status($order_number, Order::STATUS_PAID, [
-                'payment_method'         => 'card_pass',
-                'payment_transaction_id' => 'card_pass_' . $card_id,
-                'note'                   => (string) ($fulfill['message'] ?? __('卡密兑换成功', 'aksrt')),
-            ]);
-        }
-
-        $out = array_merge([
-            'success'      => true,
-            'type'         => $type,
-            'order_number' => $order_number,
-            'reload'       => true,
-        ], $fulfill);
-
-        if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-            $out['balance'] = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($user_id);
-        }
-
-        return $out;
+        if (in_array($type, [self::TYPE_BALANCE, self::TYPE_CREDITS], true)) {
+			if ($operation_key === '') {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_idempotency_key', __('缺少操作标识', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			return $this->redeem_asset_card($user_id, $row, $meta, $card, $operation_key);
+		}
+		if ($operation_key === '') {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_idempotency_key', __('缺少操作标识', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		return $this->redeem_vip_card($user_id, $row, $meta, $card, $operation_key);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -401,139 +379,342 @@ class ChargeCard {
         if (!$row) {
             return null;
         }
-        if ((string) ($row['status'] ?? '') !== self::STATUS_ACTIVE) {
-            return null;
-        }
         return $row;
     }
 
-    public function mark_used_cas(int $card_id, int $user_id, string $order_number): bool {
-        global $wpdb;
-        if ($card_id <= 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        $updated = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
-            "UPDATE {$this->table()} SET status = %s, used_by = %d, used_at = %s, order_number = %s, balance = 0
-             WHERE id = %d AND status = %s",
-            self::STATUS_USED,
-            $user_id,
-            current_time('mysql'),
-            $order_number,
-            $card_id,
-            self::STATUS_ACTIVE
-        ));
-        return $updated === 1;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $row
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $meta
+	 * @return array<string,mixed>|\WP_Error
+	 */
+	private function redeem_asset_card(int $user_id, array $row, array $meta, string $submitted_card, string $operation_key) {
+		$type = sanitize_key((string) ($row['type'] ?? ''));
+		$card_id = (int) ($row['id'] ?? 0);
+		$asset = $type === self::TYPE_BALANCE ? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE : \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS;
+		if ($asset === \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE) {
+			try {
+				$amount_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($meta['amount'] ?? null) ? $meta['amount'] : '')->minor();
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_amount', __('当前卡密充值金额无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			$reason = 'card_pass_balance';
+			$remark = sprintf(__('卡密充值 %s 元', 'aksrt'), \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor($asset, $amount_minor)->decimal());
+		} else {
+			$amount_minor = (int) ($meta['points'] ?? 0);
+			$reason = 'card_pass_credits';
+			$remark = sprintf(__('卡密兑换积分 %d', 'aksrt'), $amount_minor);
+		}
+		if ($card_id <= 0 || $amount_minor <= 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_amount', __('当前卡密可兑换资产为 0', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		$order_number = 'CARD' . $card_id;
+		$guard = function () use ($card_id, $user_id, $submitted_card, $type) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE id = %d FOR UPDATE", $card_id), ARRAY_A);
+			if (!is_array($current)
+				|| (string) ($current['status'] ?? '') !== self::STATUS_ACTIVE
+				|| sanitize_key((string) ($current['type'] ?? '')) !== $type
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_used', __('该卡密已使用或不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			if ((string) ($current['card'] ?? '') !== '' && $submitted_card !== '' && !hash_equals((string) $current['card'], $submitted_card)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_invalid', __('卡号或卡密错误', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			if (!empty($current['expires_at']) && strtotime((string) $current['expires_at']) < time()) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_expired', __('卡密已过期', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+			}
+			if ((int) ($current['used_by'] ?? 0) > 0 && (int) $current['used_by'] !== $user_id) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_used', __('该卡密已使用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		$mutation = function () use ($user_id, $type, $meta, $card_id, $order_number, $operation_key) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$created = $this->create_redeem_order($user_id, $type, $meta, $card_id, '', $operation_key, $order_number, Order::STATUS_PAID);
+			if ($created !== $order_number) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_order_create_failed', __('创建订单失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+			$used = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
+				"UPDATE {$this->table()} SET status = %s, used_by = %d, used_at = %s, order_number = %s, balance = 0 WHERE id = %d AND status = %s",
+				self::STATUS_USED,
+				$user_id,
+				current_time('mysql'),
+				$order_number,
+				$card_id,
+				self::STATUS_ACTIVE
+			));
+			return $used === 1 ? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_used', __('该卡密已使用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		};
+		$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->credit(
+			$user_id,
+			$asset,
+			$amount_minor,
+			$operation_key,
+			$reason,
+			['type' => 'charge_card', 'id' => $card_id],
+			$remark,
+			$user_id,
+			['card_type' => $type],
+			$mutation,
+			$guard
+		);
+		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
+			return $result;
+		}
+		$balance = $result->balance($user_id, $asset);
+		return [
+			'success' => true,
+			'type' => $type,
+			'order_number' => $order_number,
+			'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+			'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+			'message' => $asset === \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE
+				? sprintf(__('卡密充值成功，充值金额：%s 元', 'aksrt'), \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor($asset, $amount_minor)->decimal())
+				: sprintf(__('卡密兑换成功，积分：%d', 'aksrt'), $amount_minor),
+			'amount' => $asset === \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE
+				? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor($asset, $amount_minor)->decimal()
+				: $amount_minor,
+			'balance' => $asset === \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE
+				? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor($asset, $balance)->decimal()
+				: $balance,
+			'reload' => true,
+		];
+	}
 
-    /**
-     * @param array<string,mixed> $meta
-     * @return array{message:string,amount?:float,level?:int,days?:int}|\WP_Error
-     */
-    private function fulfill(int $user_id, string $type, array $meta, string $order_number, int $card_id) {
-        if ($type === self::TYPE_BALANCE) {
-            $amount = round((float) ($meta['amount'] ?? 0), 2);
-            if ($amount <= 0) {
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_amount', __('当前卡密可充值金额为0', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
-            }
-            // Cash wallet first (legacy pay_balance); fall back to points if wallet class missing.
-            if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')) {
-                $new = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::add($user_id, $amount, 'card_pass_balance', [
-                    'type'   => 'charge_card',
-                    'id'     => $card_id,
-                    'order'  => $order_number,
-                ], sprintf(__('卡密充值 %s 元', 'aksrt'), (string) $amount));
-                if (is_wp_error($new)) {
-                    return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_fail', $new->get_error_message() ?: __('余额入账失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-                }
-                return [
-                    'message' => sprintf(__('卡密充值成功，充值金额：%s 元', 'aksrt'), (string) $amount),
-                    'amount'  => (float) $amount,
-                ];
-            }
-            if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_amount', __('余额系统不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-            }
-            $pts = (int) round($amount);
-            $new = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::add($user_id, $pts, 'card_pass_balance', [
-                'ref_type' => 'charge_card',
-                'ref_id'   => $card_id,
-                'order'    => $order_number,
-            ], sprintf(__('卡密充值 %d', 'aksrt'), $pts));
-            if ($new === null || $new === false || is_wp_error($new)) {
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_credit_fail', __('余额入账失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-            }
-            return [
-                'message' => sprintf(__('卡密充值成功，充值金额：%s', 'aksrt'), (string) $pts),
-                'amount'  => (float) $pts,
-            ];
-        }
+	/**
+	 * Redeem a VIP card with the card row, order row, and membership metadata in one transaction.
+	 *
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $row
+	 * @param array<string,mixed> $meta
+	 * @return array<string,mixed>|\WP_Error
+	 */
+	private function redeem_vip_card(int $user_id, array $row, array $meta, string $submitted_card, string $operation_key) {
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Content\VipService') || !class_exists(OrderRepository::class)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_vip_unavailable', __('会员系统不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$card_id = (int) ($row['id'] ?? 0);
+		$level = max(1, min(2, (int) ($meta['level'] ?? 1)));
+		$days = max(0, (int) ($meta['days'] ?? 0));
+		$order_number = 'CARD' . $card_id;
+		$order_table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('order');
+		if ($card_id <= 0 || sanitize_key((string) ($row['type'] ?? '')) !== self::TYPE_VIP) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_type', __('当前卡密不是会员卡', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
 
-        if ($type === self::TYPE_VIP) {
-            $level = max(1, min(2, (int) ($meta['level'] ?? 1)));
-            $days  = max(0, (int) ($meta['days'] ?? 0));
-            if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Content\VipService')) {
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_vip_unavailable', __('会员系统不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
-            }
-            \AKSRT\Content\VipService::get_instance()->activate_vip($user_id, $level, $days);
-            $msg = $days > 0
-                ? sprintf(
-                    /* translators: 1: level 2: days */
-                    __('卡密兑换成功：VIP%s %d 天', 'aksrt'),
-                    (string) $level,
-                    $days
-                )
-                : sprintf(
-                    /* translators: %s: level */
-                    __('卡密兑换成功：VIP%s 永久', 'aksrt'),
-                    (string) $level
-                );
-            return [
-                'message' => $msg,
-                'level'   => $level,
-                'days'    => $days,
-            ];
-        }
+		for ($attempt = 1; $attempt <= 3; $attempt++) {
+			if ($wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION') === false) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_db', __('无法开启卡密兑换事务', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+			try {
+				$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+					"SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE id = %d FOR UPDATE",
+					$card_id
+				), ARRAY_A);
+				$existing = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+					"SELECT * FROM {$order_table} WHERE request_key = %s FOR UPDATE",
+					$operation_key
+				), ARRAY_A);
+				if (is_array($existing)) {
+					$replay = $this->vip_card_replay_result($existing, $current, $user_id, $card_id, $level, $days, $operation_key);
+					if (is_wp_error($replay)) {
+						throw new \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerAbort($replay);
+					}
+					if ($wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
+						throw new \RuntimeException('vip_card_replay_commit_failed');
+					}
+					return $replay;
+				}
 
-        if ($type === self::TYPE_CREDITS) {
-            $points = (int) ($meta['points'] ?? 0);
-            if ($points <= 0 || !class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-                return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_points', __('当前卡密可兑换积分为0', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
-            }
-            \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::add($user_id, $points, 'card_pass_credits', [
-                'ref_type' => 'charge_card',
-                'ref_id'   => $card_id,
-                'order'    => $order_number,
-            ], sprintf(__('卡密兑换积分 %d', 'aksrt'), $points));
-            return [
-                'message' => sprintf(__('卡密兑换成功，积分：%d', 'aksrt'), $points),
-                'amount'  => (float) $points,
-            ];
-        }
+				if (!is_array($current)
+					|| (string) ($current['status'] ?? '') !== self::STATUS_ACTIVE
+					|| sanitize_key((string) ($current['type'] ?? '')) !== self::TYPE_VIP
+					|| !hash_equals((string) ($row['password'] ?? ''), (string) ($current['password'] ?? ''))
+				) {
+					throw new \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerAbort(new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_used', __('该卡密已使用或不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]));
+				}
+				if ((string) ($current['card'] ?? '') !== '' && $submitted_card !== '' && !hash_equals((string) $current['card'], $submitted_card)) {
+					throw new \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerAbort(new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_invalid', __('卡号或卡密错误', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]));
+				}
+				if (!empty($current['expires_at']) && strtotime((string) $current['expires_at']) < time()) {
+					throw new \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerAbort(new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_expired', __('卡密已过期', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]));
+				}
 
-        return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_type', __('不支持的卡密类型', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
-    }
+				$vip_meta_keys = ['aksrt_vip_level', 'aksrt_vip_expires', 'aksrt_vip_base_level', 'aksrt_vip_base_expires', 'aksrt_vip_level_expired'];
+				$placeholders = implode(',', array_fill(0, count($vip_meta_keys), '%s'));
+				$wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare(
+					"SELECT umeta_id FROM {$wpdb->usermeta} WHERE user_id = %d AND meta_key IN ({$placeholders}) FOR UPDATE",
+					array_merge([$user_id], $vip_meta_keys)
+				));
+
+				$current_level = max(0, (int) get_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_vip_level', true));
+				$current_expiry = max(0, (int) get_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_vip_expires', true));
+				$activation_base = max($current_expiry, time());
+				$created = $this->create_redeem_order(
+					$user_id,
+					self::TYPE_VIP,
+					['level' => $level, 'days' => $days],
+					$card_id,
+					(string) ($current['password'] ?? ''),
+					$operation_key,
+					$order_number,
+					Order::STATUS_PAID
+				);
+				if ($created !== $order_number) {
+					throw new \RuntimeException('vip_card_order_create_failed');
+				}
+
+				\AKSRT\Content\VipService::get_instance()->activate_vip($user_id, $level, $days);
+				$actual_level = max(0, (int) get_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_vip_level', true));
+				$actual_expiry = max(0, (int) get_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_vip_expires', true));
+				$permanent_preserved = $days > 0 && $current_level > 0 && $level <= $current_level && $current_expiry === 0;
+				$expiry_valid = $days <= 0
+					? $actual_expiry === 0
+					: ($permanent_preserved ? $actual_expiry === 0 : $actual_expiry >= $activation_base + ($days * DAY_IN_SECONDS));
+				if ($actual_level < max($current_level, $level) || !$expiry_valid) {
+					throw new \RuntimeException('vip_card_fulfillment_failed');
+				}
+
+				$used = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
+					"UPDATE {$this->table()} SET status = %s, used_by = %d, used_at = %s, order_number = %s, balance = 0 WHERE id = %d AND status = %s",
+					self::STATUS_USED,
+					$user_id,
+					current_time('mysql'),
+					$order_number,
+					$card_id,
+					self::STATUS_ACTIVE
+				));
+				if ($used !== 1) {
+					throw new \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerAbort(new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_used', __('该卡密已使用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]));
+				}
+				if ($wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
+					throw new \RuntimeException('vip_card_commit_failed');
+				}
+
+				$message = $this->vip_card_message($level, $days);
+				$paid_order = OrderRepository::get_instance()->get($order_number);
+				if (is_array($paid_order)) {
+					try {
+						do_action('aksrt_order_status_changed', $order_number, Order::STATUS_PAID, $paid_order);
+						do_action('aksrt_order_paid', $order_number, $paid_order);
+					} catch (\Throwable $event_error) {
+						if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
+							error_log('[AKSRT VIP Card Event] ' . $event_error->getMessage());
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				return [
+					'success' => true,
+					'type' => self::TYPE_VIP,
+					'order_number' => $order_number,
+					'transaction_id' => 0,
+					'replayed' => false,
+					'message' => $message,
+					'level' => $level,
+					'days' => $days,
+					'reload' => true,
+				];
+			} catch (\AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerAbort $e) {
+				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+				clean_user_cache($user_id);
+				return $e->error;
+			} catch (\Throwable $e) {
+				$errno = $this->last_db_errno();
+				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+				clean_user_cache($user_id);
+				$replay_order = OrderRepository::get_instance()->get_by_request_key($operation_key);
+				if (is_array($replay_order)) {
+					$replay_card = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE id = %d", $card_id), ARRAY_A);
+					return $this->vip_card_replay_result($replay_order, $replay_card, $user_id, $card_id, $level, $days, $operation_key);
+				}
+				if (in_array($errno, [1205, 1213], true) && $attempt < 3) {
+					usleep(random_int(10000, 50000));
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
+					error_log('[AKSRT VIP Card] ' . $e->getMessage());
+				}
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_db', __('卡密兑换失败，请稍后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+		}
+		return new \WP_Error('aksrt_card_db', __('卡密兑换失败，请稍后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+	}
+
+	/** @return array<string,mixed>|\WP_Error */
+	private function vip_card_replay_result($order, $card, int $user_id, int $card_id, int $level, int $days, string $operation_key) {
+		$order = is_array($order) ? $order : [];
+		$card = is_array($card) ? $card : [];
+		$note = json_decode((string) ($order['note'] ?? ''), true);
+		$note = is_array($note) ? $note : [];
+		$stored_meta = is_array($note['meta'] ?? null) ? $note['meta'] : [];
+		$same = (string) ($order['request_key'] ?? '') === $operation_key
+			&& (int) ($order['user_id'] ?? 0) === $user_id
+			&& sanitize_key((string) ($order['product_type'] ?? '')) === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP
+			&& (int) ($order['product_id'] ?? 0) === $card_id
+			&& sanitize_key((string) ($order['payment_method'] ?? '')) === 'card_pass'
+			&& in_array((string) ($order['status'] ?? ''), [Order::STATUS_PAID, Order::STATUS_COMPLETED], true)
+			&& (int) ($note['card_id'] ?? 0) === $card_id
+			&& sanitize_key((string) ($note['card_type'] ?? '')) === self::TYPE_VIP
+			&& (int) ($stored_meta['level'] ?? 0) === $level
+			&& (int) ($stored_meta['days'] ?? -1) === $days
+			&& (string) ($card['status'] ?? '') === self::STATUS_USED
+			&& (int) ($card['used_by'] ?? 0) === $user_id
+			&& (string) ($card['order_number'] ?? '') === (string) ($order['order_number'] ?? '');
+		if (!$same) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_ledger_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他卡密兑换请求', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		return [
+			'success' => true,
+			'type' => self::TYPE_VIP,
+			'order_number' => (string) $order['order_number'],
+			'transaction_id' => 0,
+			'replayed' => true,
+			'message' => $this->vip_card_message($level, $days),
+			'level' => $level,
+			'days' => $days,
+			'reload' => true,
+		];
+	}
+
+	private function vip_card_message(int $level, int $days): string {
+		return $days > 0
+			? sprintf(__('卡密兑换成功：VIP%s %d 天', 'aksrt'), (string) $level, $days)
+			: sprintf(__('卡密兑换成功：VIP%s 永久', 'aksrt'), (string) $level);
+	}
+
+	private function last_db_errno(): int {
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (isset($wpdb->dbh) && $wpdb->dbh instanceof \mysqli) {
+			return mysqli_errno($wpdb->dbh);
+		}
+		if (isset($wpdb->last_errno)) {
+			return (int) $wpdb->last_errno;
+		}
+		return preg_match('/\\b(1205|1213)\\b/', (string) ($wpdb->last_error ?? ''), $matches) ? (int) $matches[1] : 0;
+	}
 
     /**
      * @param array<string,mixed> $meta
      */
-    private function create_redeem_order(int $user_id, string $type, array $meta, int $card_id, string $password): string {
+    private function create_redeem_order(int $user_id, string $type, array $meta, int $card_id, string $password, string $request_key = '', string $order_number = '', string $status = ''): string {
         if (!class_exists('AKSRT\\Payment\\OrderRepository') || !class_exists('\AKSRT\Core\DomainModel')) {
-            return 'CARD' . $card_id . '_' . time();
+            return '';
         }
 
         $product_type = \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE;
         $product_id   = $card_id;
-        $amount       = 0.0;
+		$amount       = '0.00';
         $currency     = 'CNY';
 
         if ($type === self::TYPE_VIP) {
             $product_type = \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP;
-            $amount       = 0.0;
+			$amount       = '0.00';
         } elseif ($type === self::TYPE_BALANCE) {
-            $amount   = round((float) ($meta['amount'] ?? 0), 2);
+			$parsed_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($meta['amount'] ?? null) ? $meta['amount'] : '');
+			$amount   = $parsed_amount->decimal();
             $currency = 'CNY';
         } elseif ($type === self::TYPE_CREDITS) {
-            $amount   = (float) ($meta['points'] ?? 0);
+			$amount   = (int) ($meta['points'] ?? 0);
             $currency = 'points';
         }
 
@@ -545,17 +726,25 @@ class ChargeCard {
             'password'    => substr(md5($password), 0, 8),
         ], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 
-        return OrderRepository::get_instance()->create([
+		$order_status = $status !== '' ? $status : Order::STATUS_PENDING;
+		$order_data = [
+			'order_number'  => $order_number !== '' ? $order_number : null,
             'user_id'        => $user_id,
             'product_type'   => $product_type,
             'product_id'     => $product_id,
             'amount'         => $amount,
             'currency'       => $currency,
-            'status'         => class_exists('AKSRT\\Payment\\Order') ? Order::STATUS_PENDING : 'pending',
+			'status'         => $order_status,
             'payment_method' => 'card_pass',
+			'payment_transaction_id' => $order_status === Order::STATUS_PAID ? 'card_pass_' . $card_id : '',
+			'paid_at'         => $order_status === Order::STATUS_PAID ? current_time('mysql') : null,
             'note'           => is_string($note) ? $note : '',
-            'expires_at'     => \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at(),
-        ]);
+			'request_key'    => $request_key,
+		];
+		if ($order_status === Order::STATUS_PENDING) {
+			$order_data['expires_at'] = \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::get_order_expiry_at();
+		}
+		return OrderRepository::get_instance()->create($order_data);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -587,19 +776,27 @@ class ChargeCard {
         }
 
         if ($type === self::TYPE_BALANCE) {
-            $amount = round((float) ($raw['amount'] ?? $data['amount'] ?? 0), 2);
-            if ($amount <= 0) {
+			$value = $raw['amount'] ?? $data['amount'] ?? '';
+			if (!is_string($value)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			try {
+				$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value);
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return null;
+			}
+            if ($amount->minor() <= 0) {
                 return null;
             }
-            return ['amount' => $amount];
+			return ['amount' => $amount->decimal()];
         }
         if ($type === self::TYPE_VIP) {
             $level = max(1, min(2, (int) ($raw['level'] ?? $data['level'] ?? 1)));
-            $days  = max(0, (int) ($raw['days'] ?? $data['days'] ?? $data['vip_days'] ?? 0));
+            $days  = max(0, (int) ($raw['days'] ?? $data['days'] ?? 0));
             return ['level' => $level, 'days' => $days];
         }
         if ($type === self::TYPE_CREDITS) {
-            $points = max(0, (int) ($raw['points'] ?? $data['points'] ?? $data['credits'] ?? 0));
+            $points = max(0, (int) ($raw['points'] ?? $data['points'] ?? 0));
             if ($points <= 0) {
                 return null;
             }
@@ -624,15 +821,11 @@ class ChargeCard {
                 }
             }
         }
-        // Legacy amount-only rows.
-        if ($meta === [] && isset($row['amount'])) {
-            $meta = ['amount' => (float) $row['amount']];
-        }
         return $meta;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Admin list helper (supports new + legacy columns).
+     * Admin list helper.
      *
      * @return array{items:array,total:int,page:int,max_pages:int}
      */
@@ -652,9 +845,6 @@ class ChargeCard {
             $params[] = $status;
         }
         if ($type !== '') {
-            if ($type === 'points') {
-                $type = self::TYPE_CREDITS;
-            }
             $where[]  = 'type = %s';
             $params[] = $type;
         }
@@ -715,25 +905,8 @@ class ChargeCard {
             'total'        => (int) ($row['total'] ?? 0),
             'active'       => (int) ($row['active'] ?? 0),
             'used'         => (int) ($row['used'] ?? 0),
-            'total_amount' => (float) ($row['total_amount'] ?? 0),
-            'used_amount'  => (float) ($row['used_amount'] ?? 0),
-        ];
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Legacy alias used by older admin code.
-     *
-     * @return array{success:bool,message:string,amount?:float}
-     */
-    public function redeem(string $code, int $user_id): array {
-        $result = $this->redeem_for_user($user_id, $code, '', self::TYPE_BALANCE);
-        if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-            return ['success' => false, 'message' => $result->get_error_message()];
-        }
-        return [
-            'success' => true,
-            'message' => (string) ($result['message'] ?? __('兑换成功', 'aksrt')),
-            'amount'  => (float) ($result['amount'] ?? 0),
+            'total_amount' => (string) ($row['total_amount'] ?? '0.00'),
+            'used_amount'  => (string) ($row['used_amount'] ?? '0.00'),
         ];
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Payment/CommissionLedger.php b/src/Payment/CommissionLedger.php
index dfccfc49..cdeddef1 100644
--- a/src/Payment/CommissionLedger.php
+++ b/src/Payment/CommissionLedger.php
@@ -6,13 +6,9 @@ defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
 
 final class CommissionLedger {
     private static ?self $instance = null;
-    private const DEBT_META = 'aksrt_affiliate_debt';
     public static function get_instance(): self { return self::$instance ??= new self(); }
     private function __construct() {}
     public function init(): void {
-        add_action('aksrt_order_paid', [$this, 'on_order_paid'], 20, 2);
-        add_action('aksrt_order_status_changed', [$this, 'on_order_status_changed'], 20, 3);
-        add_action('aksrt_points_exchange_completed', [$this, 'on_points_exchange_completed'], 20, 4);
         add_action('aksrt_affiliate_settle_due', [$this, 'settle_due']);
         add_action('rest_api_init', [$this, 'register_routes']);
         if (!wp_next_scheduled('aksrt_affiliate_settle_due')) {
@@ -20,20 +16,29 @@ final class CommissionLedger {
         }
     }
     private function table(string $name): string { return \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table($name); }
-    public function on_order_paid(string $order_number, array $order = []): void { $this->record_paid_order(array_merge($order, ['order_number' => $order_number])); }
-    public function on_order_status_changed(string $order_number, string $status, array $order = []): void {
-        if (in_array($status, ['refunding', 'refunded'], true)) { $this->reverse($order_number, (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0), 'refund'); }
-    }
-    public function on_points_exchange_completed(int $user_id, float $amount, int $points, string $exchange_ref): void {
-        $this->record_paid_order([
-            'order_number' => 'points-exchange-' . sanitize_key($exchange_ref),
-            'product_type' => 'credits',
-            'user_id' => $user_id,
-            'amount' => $amount,
-            'exchange_ref' => $exchange_ref,
-            'points' => $points,
-        ]);
-    }
+	public function record_order_transition(string $order_number, string $status, array $order = []) {
+		if ($status !== Order::STATUS_PAID) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		$result = $this->record_paid_order(array_merge($order, [
+			'order_number' => $order_number,
+			'status' => $status,
+		]));
+		return $result >= 0
+			? true
+			: new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_write_failed', __('返佣记录写入失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+	}
+	public function record_points_exchange(int $user_id, string $amount, int $points, string $operation_key): bool {
+		$result = $this->record_paid_order([
+			'order_number' => 'PX' . substr(hash('sha256', $operation_key), 0, 30),
+			'product_type' => 'credits',
+			'user_id' => $user_id,
+			'amount' => $amount,
+			'exchange_ref' => $operation_key,
+			'points' => $points,
+		]);
+		return $result >= 0;
+	}
     public function record_paid_order(array $order): int {
         if (!\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::affiliate_enabled()) return 0;
         $type = sanitize_key((string) ($order['product_type'] ?? ''));
@@ -43,13 +48,19 @@ final class CommissionLedger {
         if (!in_array($order_type, (array) $settings['order_types'], true)) return 0;
         $order_no = sanitize_text_field((string) ($order['order_number'] ?? ''));
         $buyer = (int) ($order['user_id'] ?? 0);
-        $amount = round((float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0), 2);
-        if ($order_no === '' || $buyer <= 0 || $amount <= 0) return 0;
+		try {
+			$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($order['amount'] ?? null) ? $order['amount'] : '');
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if ($order_no === '' || $buyer <= 0 || $amount->minor() <= 0) return 0;
         $promoter = ReferralAttribution::get_instance()->resolve($buyer);
         if ($promoter <= 0) return 0;
-        $ratio = (float) \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::affiliate_ratio_for_user($promoter);
-        $commission = round($amount * $ratio / 100, 2);
-        if ($commission <= 0) return 0;
+		$ratio = \AKSRT\Settings\PaymentRuntime::affiliate_ratio_for_user($promoter);
+		$commission_minor = (intdiv($amount->minor(), 100) * $ratio)
+			+ intdiv((($amount->minor() % 100) * $ratio) + 50, 100);
+		if ($commission_minor <= 0) return 0;
+		$commission = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $commission_minor)->decimal();
         global $wpdb;
         $table = $this->table('commission_ledger');
         $identity = $order_type === 'credits' && !empty($order['exchange_ref'])
@@ -58,8 +69,23 @@ final class CommissionLedger {
         $key = hash('sha256', 'affiliate:' . $identity);
         $now = current_time('mysql', true);
         $available = gmdate('Y-m-d H:i:s', time() + ((int) $settings['settlement_days'] * DAY_IN_SECONDS));
-        $ok = $wpdb->insert($table, ['promoter_id'=>$promoter,'source_user_id'=>$buyer,'order_number'=>$order_no,'order_type'=>$order_type,'eligible_base'=>$amount,'ratio'=>$ratio,'original_amount'=>$commission,'adjustment_total'=>0,'status'=>'pending','idempotency_key'=>$key,'available_at'=>$available,'created_at'=>$now], ['%d','%d','%s','%s','%f','%f','%f','%f','%s','%s','%s','%s']);
-        return $ok ? (int) $wpdb->insert_id : (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare("SELECT id FROM {$table} WHERE idempotency_key=%s", $key));
+		$ok = $wpdb->insert($table, ['promoter_id'=>$promoter,'source_user_id'=>$buyer,'order_number'=>$order_no,'order_type'=>$order_type,'eligible_base'=>$amount->decimal(),'ratio'=>$ratio,'original_amount'=>$commission,'adjustment_total'=>'0.00','status'=>'pending','idempotency_key'=>$key,'available_at'=>$available,'created_at'=>$now], ['%d','%d','%s','%s','%s','%d','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s','%s']);
+        if ($ok) {
+			return (int) $wpdb->insert_id;
+		}
+		$existing = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE idempotency_key=%s", $key), ARRAY_A);
+		if (!is_array($existing)
+			|| (int) $existing['promoter_id'] !== $promoter
+			|| (int) $existing['source_user_id'] !== $buyer
+			|| (string) $existing['order_number'] !== $order_no
+			|| (string) $existing['order_type'] !== $order_type
+			|| (string) $existing['eligible_base'] !== $amount->decimal()
+			|| (int) $existing['ratio'] !== $ratio
+			|| (string) $existing['original_amount'] !== $commission
+		) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		return (int) $existing['id'];
     }
     public function settle_due(int $limit = 100): int {
         global $wpdb; $table = $this->table('commission_ledger');
@@ -68,79 +94,322 @@ final class CommissionLedger {
         foreach ((array) $rows as $row) if ($this->settle_one((int)$row['id'])) $count++;
         return $count;
     }
-    private function settle_one(int $id): bool {
+    private function settle_one(int $id, string $operation_key = '') {
         global $wpdb; $table = $this->table('commission_ledger');
-        $wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION');
-        try {
-            $row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE id=%d AND status='pending' FOR UPDATE", $id), ARRAY_A);
-            if (!$row) { $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK'); return false; }
-            $amount = round((float)$row['original_amount'] + (float)$row['adjustment_total'], 2);
-            if ($amount > 0 && class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance')) {
-                $credited = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::add((int)$row['promoter_id'], $amount, 'affiliate_commission', ['type'=>'commission','id'=>$id], sprintf(__('推广佣金结算（订单 %s）','aksrt'), $row['order_number']));
-                if (is_wp_error($credited)) { $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK'); return false; }
-            }
-            $updated = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare("UPDATE {$table} SET status='settled', settled_at=%s WHERE id=%d AND status='pending'", current_time('mysql', true), $id)) === 1;
-            if (!$updated) { $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK'); return false; }
-            $wpdb->query('COMMIT'); return true;
-        } catch (\Throwable $e) { $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK'); return false; }
-    }
-    public function reverse(string $order_number, float $refund_amount, string $reason = 'refund'): int {
-        global $wpdb; $table = $this->table('commission_ledger'); $adjust = $this->table('commission_adjustment');
-        $row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE order_number=%s LIMIT 1", $order_number), ARRAY_A);
-        if (!$row || $refund_amount <= 0) return 0;
-        $base = max(0.01, (float)$row['eligible_base']); $negative = -round((float)$row['original_amount'] * min(1, $refund_amount / $base), 2);
-        $source = hash('sha256', 'refund:' . $order_number . ':' . number_format($refund_amount,2,'.',''));
-        $ok = $wpdb->insert($adjust, ['ledger_id'=>$row['id'],'promoter_id'=>$row['promoter_id'],'amount'=>$negative,'reason'=>sanitize_key($reason),'source_key'=>$source,'operator_id'=>0,'created_at'=>current_time('mysql', true)], ['%d','%d','%f','%s','%s','%d','%s']);
-        if (!$ok) return 0;
-        $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare("UPDATE {$table} SET adjustment_total=adjustment_total+%f, status=IF(status='pending','cancelled',status) WHERE id=%d", $negative, $row['id']));
-        if ($row['status'] === 'settled' && class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance')) {
-            $debit = min((float)$row['original_amount'], abs($negative));
-            $result = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::deduct((int)$row['promoter_id'], $debit, 'affiliate_refund', ['type'=>'commission','id'=>$row['id']], __('推广佣金退款冲正','aksrt'));
-            if (is_wp_error($result)) update_user_meta((int)$row['promoter_id'], self::DEBT_META, round((float)get_user_meta((int)$row['promoter_id'], self::DEBT_META, true) + $debit, 2));
-        }
-        return (int)$wpdb->insert_id;
+		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE id=%d", $id), ARRAY_A);
+		if (!is_array($row)) return false;
+		try {
+			$original_minor = $this->signed_balance_minor((string) ($row['original_amount'] ?? '0'));
+			$adjustment_minor = $this->signed_balance_minor((string) ($row['adjustment_total'] ?? '0'));
+			if ($adjustment_minor > 0 && $original_minor > PHP_INT_MAX - $adjustment_minor) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			if ($adjustment_minor < 0 && $original_minor < PHP_INT_MIN - $adjustment_minor) {
+				return false;
+			}
+			$amount_minor = $original_minor + $adjustment_minor;
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) { return false; }
+		if ($amount_minor <= 0 || (int)$row['promoter_id'] <= 0) return false;
+		$guard = function () use ($table, $id, $row) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT promoter_id, original_amount, adjustment_total, status FROM {$table} WHERE id=%d FOR UPDATE", $id), ARRAY_A);
+			if (!is_array($current) || (string)$current['status'] !== 'pending'
+				|| (int)$current['promoter_id'] !== (int)$row['promoter_id']
+				|| (string)$current['original_amount'] !== (string)$row['original_amount']
+				|| (string)$current['adjustment_total'] !== (string)$row['adjustment_total']) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_state', __('佣金记录状态已变化','aksrt'), ['status'=>409]);
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		$mutation = function () use ($table, $id) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			return $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare("UPDATE {$table} SET status='settled', settled_at=%s WHERE id=%d AND status='pending'", current_time('mysql', true), $id)) === 1
+				? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_state', __('佣金记录状态已变化','aksrt'), ['status'=>409]);
+		};
+		$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->credit(
+			(int)$row['promoter_id'], \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $amount_minor,
+			$operation_key !== '' ? $operation_key : \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('commission-settle', [$id]), 'affiliate_commission',
+			['type'=>'commission','id'=>$id], sprintf(__('推广佣金结算（订单 %s）','aksrt'), $row['order_number']),
+			0, [], $mutation, $guard
+		);
+		return is_wp_error($result) ? false : $result;
     }
+	/** @return array<string,mixed>|\WP_Error */
+	public function prepare_full_refund(string $order_number) {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT * FROM {$this->table('commission_ledger')} WHERE order_number = %s LIMIT 1",
+			$order_number
+		), ARRAY_A);
+		if (!is_array($row) || (string) ($row['status'] ?? '') === 'cancelled') {
+			return ['active' => false];
+		}
+		try {
+			$original_minor = $this->signed_balance_minor((string) ($row['original_amount'] ?? '0'));
+			$adjustment_minor = $this->signed_balance_minor((string) ($row['adjustment_total'] ?? '0'));
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_amount', __('返佣金额无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$remaining_minor = $original_minor + $adjustment_minor;
+		if ($remaining_minor <= 0) {
+			return ['active' => false];
+		}
+		$status = (string) ($row['status'] ?? '');
+		if (!in_array($status, ['pending', 'settled'], true)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_state', __('返佣记录状态不可退款', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		return [
+			'active' => true,
+			'id' => (int) $row['id'],
+			'promoter_id' => (int) $row['promoter_id'],
+			'status' => $status,
+			'original_amount' => (string) $row['original_amount'],
+			'adjustment_total' => (string) $row['adjustment_total'],
+			'amount_minor' => $remaining_minor,
+			'source_key' => hash('sha256', 'order-full-refund:' . $order_number),
+		];
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $plan */
+	public function guard_full_refund(array $plan) {
+		if (empty($plan['active'])) return true;
+		global $wpdb;
+		$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT promoter_id, status, original_amount, adjustment_total FROM {$this->table('commission_ledger')} WHERE id = %d FOR UPDATE",
+			(int) $plan['id']
+		), ARRAY_A);
+		if (!is_array($current)
+			|| (int) ($current['promoter_id'] ?? 0) !== (int) $plan['promoter_id']
+			|| (string) ($current['status'] ?? '') !== (string) $plan['status']
+			|| (string) ($current['original_amount'] ?? '') !== (string) $plan['original_amount']
+			|| (string) ($current['adjustment_total'] ?? '') !== (string) $plan['adjustment_total']
+		) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_state', __('返佣记录状态已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $plan */
+	public function apply_full_refund(array $plan) {
+		if (empty($plan['active'])) return true;
+		global $wpdb;
+		$negative = '-' . \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, (int) $plan['amount_minor'])->decimal();
+		$inserted = $wpdb->insert($this->table('commission_adjustment'), [
+			'ledger_id' => (int) $plan['id'],
+			'promoter_id' => (int) $plan['promoter_id'],
+			'amount' => $negative,
+			'reason' => 'order_refund',
+			'source_key' => (string) $plan['source_key'],
+			'operator_id' => get_current_user_id(),
+			'created_at' => current_time('mysql', true),
+		], ['%d', '%d', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%s']);
+		if ($inserted !== 1) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_adjustment', __('返佣退款记录写入失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		$updated = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
+			"UPDATE {$this->table('commission_ledger')} SET adjustment_total = adjustment_total + %s, status = 'cancelled' WHERE id = %d AND status = %s",
+			$negative,
+			(int) $plan['id'],
+			(string) $plan['status']
+		));
+		return $updated === 1
+			? true
+			: new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_state', __('返佣记录状态已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+	}
+
+	private function signed_balance_minor(string $decimal): int {
+		$negative = str_starts_with($decimal, '-');
+		$value = $negative ? substr($decimal, 1) : $decimal;
+		$minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->minor();
+		return $negative ? -$minor : $minor;
+	}
     public function overview(int $user_id): array {
         global $wpdb; $table=$this->table('commission_ledger');
         $row=$wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT COALESCE(SUM(original_amount+adjustment_total),0) total, COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN status='pending' THEN original_amount+adjustment_total ELSE 0 END),0) pending, COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN status='settled' THEN original_amount+adjustment_total ELSE 0 END),0) settled FROM {$table} WHERE promoter_id=%d",$user_id),ARRAY_A) ?: [];
-        $withdrawn = 0.0;
+		$withdrawn = '0.00';
         $withdrawal_table = $this->table('withdrawal');
         if ($withdrawal_table !== '') {
-            $withdrawn = (float) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-                "SELECT COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN status='completed' THEN CASE WHEN gross_amount > 0 THEN gross_amount ELSE amount END ELSE 0 END),0) FROM {$withdrawal_table} WHERE user_id=%d",
+			$withdrawn = $this->balance_decimal((string) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+				"SELECT COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN status='completed' THEN gross_amount ELSE 0 END),0) FROM {$withdrawal_table} WHERE user_id=%d",
                 $user_id
-            ));
+			)));
         }
-        return ['total'=>round((float)($row['total']??0),2),'pending'=>round((float)($row['pending']??0),2),'settled'=>round((float)($row['settled']??0),2),'wallet'=>class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance')?\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::balance($user_id):0.0,'withdrawn'=>round($withdrawn,2),'debt'=>round((float)get_user_meta($user_id,self::DEBT_META,true),2)];
+		return ['total'=>$this->balance_decimal((string)($row['total']??'0')),'pending'=>$this->balance_decimal((string)($row['pending']??'0')),'settled'=>$this->balance_decimal((string)($row['settled']??'0')),'wallet'=>\AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),'withdrawn'=>$withdrawn];
     }
     public function list_entries(int $user_id, array $args=[]): array {
         global $wpdb; $table=$this->table('commission_ledger'); $limit=max(1,min(100,(int)($args['per_page']??20))); $page=max(1,(int)($args['page']??1)); $offset=($page-1)*$limit; $where='promoter_id=%d'; $params=[$user_id]; $status=sanitize_key((string)($args['status']??'')); if(in_array($status,['pending','settled','cancelled'],true)){ $where.=' AND status=%s'; $params[]=$status; } $total=(int)$wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$table} WHERE {$where}",$params)); $rows=$wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE {$where} ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d",array_merge($params,[$limit,$offset])),ARRAY_A); return ['items'=>$rows?:[],'total'=>$total,'page'=>$page,'per_page'=>$limit,'max_pages'=>max(1,(int)ceil($total/$limit))];
     }
     public function register_routes(): void {
-        register_rest_route('aksrt/v1','/earnings/overview',['methods'=>\WP_REST_Server::READABLE,'callback'=>fn()=>rest_ensure_response($this->overview(get_current_user_id())),'permission_callback'=>fn()=>is_user_logged_in()]);
-        register_rest_route('aksrt/v1','/earnings/commissions',['methods'=>\WP_REST_Server::READABLE,'callback'=>fn(\WP_REST_Request $r)=>rest_ensure_response($this->list_entries(get_current_user_id(),$r->get_params())),'permission_callback'=>fn()=>is_user_logged_in()]);
-        register_rest_route('aksrt/v1','/earnings/withdrawals',['methods'=>\WP_REST_Server::READABLE,'callback'=>fn(\WP_REST_Request $r)=>rest_ensure_response($this->withdrawals(get_current_user_id(),$r->get_params())),'permission_callback'=>fn()=>is_user_logged_in()]);
-        register_rest_route('aksrt/v1','/earnings/withdrawals',['methods'=>\WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,'callback'=>[$this,'create_withdrawal'],'permission_callback'=>fn()=>is_user_logged_in()]);
-        register_rest_route('aksrt/v1','/payment/affiliate/ledger/(?P<id>\d+)/settle',['methods'=>\WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,'callback'=>fn(\WP_REST_Request $r)=>$this->admin_settle((int)$r['id']),'permission_callback'=>fn()=>current_user_can('manage_options')]);
-        register_rest_route('aksrt/v1','/payment/affiliate/ledger/(?P<id>\d+)/cancel',['methods'=>\WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,'callback'=>fn(\WP_REST_Request $r)=>$this->admin_cancel((int)$r['id']),'permission_callback'=>fn()=>current_user_can('manage_options')]);
-        register_rest_route('aksrt/v1','/payment/affiliate/overview',['methods'=>\WP_REST_Server::READABLE,'callback'=>fn()=>rest_ensure_response($this->admin_overview()),'permission_callback'=>fn()=>current_user_can('manage_options')]);
-        register_rest_route('aksrt/v1','/payment/affiliate/ledger',['methods'=>\WP_REST_Server::READABLE,'callback'=>fn(\WP_REST_Request $r)=>rest_ensure_response($this->admin_ledger($r->get_params())),'permission_callback'=>fn()=>current_user_can('manage_options')]);
-        register_rest_route('aksrt/v1','/payment/withdrawals/(?P<id>\d+)/transition',['methods'=>\WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,'callback'=>fn(\WP_REST_Request $r)=>$this->transition_withdrawal((int)$r['id'],(string)$r->get_param('status'),(string)$r->get_param('note')),'permission_callback'=>fn()=>current_user_can('manage_options')]);
+		$list_args = [
+			'page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'default' => 1],
+			'per_page' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'maximum' => 100, 'default' => 20],
+			'status' => ['type' => 'string', 'enum' => ['pending', 'processing', 'completed', 'rejected', 'settled', 'cancelled']],
+		];
+		register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/earnings/overview', [
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+			'callback' => fn() => rest_ensure_response($this->overview(get_current_user_id())),
+			'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_user_rest'],
+		]);
+		register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/earnings/commissions', [
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+			'callback' => fn(\WP_REST_Request $request) => rest_ensure_response($this->list_entries(get_current_user_id(), $request->get_params())),
+			'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_user_rest'],
+			'args' => $list_args,
+		]);
+		register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/earnings/withdrawals', [
+			[
+				'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+				'callback' => fn(\WP_REST_Request $request) => rest_ensure_response($this->withdrawals(get_current_user_id(), $request->get_params())),
+				'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_user_rest'],
+				'args' => $list_args,
+			],
+			[
+				'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
+				'callback' => [$this, 'create_withdrawal'],
+				'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_user_write_rest'],
+				'args' => [
+					'amount' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'pattern' => '^(0|[1-9]\\d*)(?:\\.\\d{1,2})?$'],
+					'method' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key'],
+					'account' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'minLength' => 1, 'maxLength' => 500, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_text_field'],
+				],
+			],
+		]);
+		register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/payment/affiliate/ledger/(?P<id>\d+)/settle', [
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
+			'callback' => [$this, 'admin_settle'],
+			'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_admin_write_rest'],
+			'args' => ['id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'required' => true]],
+		]);
+		register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/payment/affiliate/ledger/(?P<id>\d+)/cancel', [
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
+			'callback' => [$this, 'admin_cancel'],
+			'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_admin_write_rest'],
+			'args' => ['id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'required' => true]],
+		]);
+		register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/payment/affiliate/overview', [
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+			'callback' => fn() => rest_ensure_response($this->admin_overview()),
+			'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_admin_rest'],
+		]);
+		register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/payment/affiliate/ledger', [
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::READABLE,
+			'callback' => fn(\WP_REST_Request $request) => rest_ensure_response($this->admin_ledger($request->get_params())),
+			'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_admin_rest'],
+			'args' => $list_args,
+		]);
+		register_rest_route('aksrt/v1', '/payment/withdrawals/(?P<id>\d+)/transition', [
+			'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
+			'callback' => [$this, 'transition_withdrawal'],
+			'permission_callback' => [$this, 'check_admin_write_rest'],
+			'args' => [
+				'id' => ['type' => 'integer', 'minimum' => 1, 'required' => true],
+				'status' => ['type' => 'string', 'required' => true, 'enum' => ['processing', 'completed', 'rejected']],
+				'note' => ['type' => 'string', 'default' => '', 'maxLength' => 1000, 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_textarea_field'],
+			],
+		]);
     }
-    public function admin_settle(int $id): \WP_REST_Response { $ok=$this->settle_one($id); return new \WP_REST_Response(['success'=>$ok],$ok?200:409); }
-    public function admin_cancel(int $id): \WP_REST_Response { global $wpdb; $ok=$wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare("UPDATE {$this->table('commission_ledger')} SET status='cancelled' WHERE id=%d AND status='pending'",$id))===1; return new \WP_REST_Response(['success'=>$ok],$ok?200:409); }
-    public function admin_overview(): array { global $wpdb; $table=$this->table('commission_ledger'); $row=$wpdb->get_row("SELECT COUNT(*) total, SUM(status='pending') pending, SUM(status='settled') settled, COALESCE(SUM(original_amount+adjustment_total),0) amount FROM {$table}",ARRAY_A) ?: []; return ['total'=>(int)($row['total']??0),'pending'=>(int)($row['pending']??0),'settled'=>(int)($row['settled']??0),'amount'=>(float)($row['amount']??0)]; }
+	public function check_user_rest(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		return is_user_logged_in() ? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_auth_required', __('请先登录', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
+	}
+	public function check_user_write_rest(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		$allowed = $this->check_user_rest($request);
+		return is_wp_error($allowed) ? $allowed : $this->verify_rest_nonce($request);
+	}
+	public function check_admin_rest(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		return current_user_can('manage_options') ? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_admin_forbidden', __('无权执行此操作', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+	}
+	public function check_admin_write_rest(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		$allowed = $this->check_admin_rest($request);
+		return is_wp_error($allowed) ? $allowed : $this->verify_rest_nonce($request);
+	}
+	private function verify_rest_nonce(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
+		$nonce = (string) $request->get_header('X-WP-Nonce');
+		return $nonce !== '' && wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'wp_rest')
+			? true
+			: new \WP_Error('aksrt_rest_nonce', __('安全验证失败，请刷新页面后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+	}
+	public function admin_settle(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error {
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'admin-commission-settle', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) return $operation_key;
+		$result = $this->settle_one((int) $request['id'], $operation_key);
+		if (!$result instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult) {
+			return new \WP_REST_Response(['success' => false, 'message' => __('佣金结算失败', 'aksrt')], 409);
+		}
+		return new \WP_REST_Response(['success' => true, 'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id, 'replayed' => $result->replayed], 200);
+	}
+	public function admin_cancel(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error {
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'admin-commission-cancel', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) return $operation_key;
+		global $wpdb;
+		$id = (int) $request['id'];
+		$payload_hash = hash('sha256', (string) wp_json_encode(['id' => $id, 'status' => 'cancelled']));
+		if ($wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION') === false) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_db', __('无法开启返佣取消事务', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT status, cancel_operation_key, cancel_payload_hash FROM {$this->table('commission_ledger')} WHERE id=%d FOR UPDATE", $id), ARRAY_A);
+		if (!is_array($row)) {
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_missing', __('返佣记录不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 404]);
+		}
+		$stored_key = (string) ($row['cancel_operation_key'] ?? '');
+		$stored_hash = (string) ($row['cancel_payload_hash'] ?? '');
+		if ($stored_key !== '') {
+			if (hash_equals($stored_key, $operation_key) && $stored_hash !== '' && hash_equals($stored_hash, $payload_hash) && (string) $row['status'] === 'cancelled') {
+				if ($wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
+					$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+					return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_db', __('返佣取消重放失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+				}
+				return new \WP_REST_Response(['success' => true, 'operation_key' => $operation_key, 'transaction_id' => 0, 'replayed' => true], 200);
+			}
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他返佣取消请求', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		if ((string) ($row['status'] ?? '') !== 'pending') {
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_commission_state', __('返佣记录状态已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		$updated = $wpdb->update($this->table('commission_ledger'), [
+			'status' => 'cancelled',
+			'cancel_operation_key' => $operation_key,
+			'cancel_payload_hash' => $payload_hash,
+		], ['id' => $id, 'status' => 'pending'], ['%s', '%s', '%s'], ['%d', '%s']);
+		if ($updated !== 1 || $wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
+			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			$conflict = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare("SELECT id FROM {$this->table('commission_ledger')} WHERE cancel_operation_key=%s", $operation_key));
+			return new \WP_Error($conflict ? 'aksrt_commission_idempotency_conflict' : 'aksrt_commission_db', $conflict ? __('相同操作标识已用于其他返佣取消请求', 'aksrt') : __('返佣取消失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => $conflict ? 409 : 500]);
+		}
+		return new \WP_REST_Response(['success' => true, 'operation_key' => $operation_key, 'transaction_id' => 0, 'replayed' => false], 200);
+	}
+	public function admin_overview(): array { global $wpdb; $table=$this->table('commission_ledger'); $row=$wpdb->get_row("SELECT COUNT(*) total, SUM(status='pending') pending, SUM(status='settled') settled, COALESCE(SUM(original_amount+adjustment_total),0) amount FROM {$table}",ARRAY_A) ?: []; return ['total'=>(int)($row['total']??0),'pending'=>(int)($row['pending']??0),'settled'=>(int)($row['settled']??0),'amount'=>$this->balance_decimal((string)($row['amount']??'0'))]; }
     public function admin_ledger(array $args): array { global $wpdb; $table=$this->table('commission_ledger'); $limit=max(1,min(100,(int)($args['per_page']??20))); $page=max(1,(int)($args['page']??1)); $offset=($page-1)*$limit; $status=sanitize_key((string)($args['status']??'')); $where='1=1'; $params=[]; if(in_array($status,['pending','settled','cancelled'],true)){ $where.=' AND status=%s'; $params[]=$status; } $total=(int)($wpdb->get_var($params?$wpdb->prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$table} WHERE {$where}",$params):"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$table}")); $rows=$wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE {$where} ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d",array_merge($params,[$limit,$offset])),ARRAY_A); return ['items'=>$rows?:[],'total'=>$total,'page'=>$page,'per_page'=>$limit,'max_pages'=>max(1,(int)ceil($total/$limit))]; }
     public function withdrawals(int $user_id, array $args): array { return \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->get_user_withdrawals($user_id, ['status'=>sanitize_key((string)($args['status']??'')),'limit'=>max(1,min(100,(int)($args['per_page']??20))),'offset'=>max(0,((int)($args['page']??1)-1)*max(1,(int)($args['per_page']??20)))]); }
     public function create_withdrawal(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error {
-        $user_id=get_current_user_id(); $amount=(int)round((float)$request->get_param('amount')); $method=sanitize_key((string)$request->get_param('method')); $account=sanitize_text_field((string)$request->get_param('account')); $settings=\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_withdrawal_settings(); $affiliate=\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_affiliate_settings();
+		$user_id=get_current_user_id(); $method=sanitize_key((string)$request->get_param('method')); $account=sanitize_text_field((string)$request->get_param('account')); $settings=\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_withdrawal_settings(); $affiliate=\AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_affiliate_settings();
+		$raw_amount=$request->get_param('amount');
+		try { $amount=\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($raw_amount)?$raw_amount:''); }
+		catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) { return new \WP_Error('affiliate_withdraw_amount',__('提现金额格式无效。','aksrt'),['status'=>400]); }
+		$operation_key=\AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request,'affiliate-withdraw',$user_id); if(is_wp_error($operation_key)) return $operation_key;
         if (empty($affiliate['enabled'])) return new \WP_Error('affiliate_disabled',__('推广返佣未启用。','aksrt'),['status'=>403]);
-        if (\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->has_open_withdrawal($user_id)) return new \WP_Error('affiliate_withdraw_pending',__('已有待处理提现申请。','aksrt'),['status'=>409]);
-        if ($amount < (int)ceil((float)$settings['min_amount'])) return new \WP_Error('affiliate_withdraw_min',__('未达到最低提现金额。','aksrt'),['status'=>400]);
-        if ((float)get_user_meta($user_id,self::DEBT_META,true)>0) return new \WP_Error('affiliate_withdraw_debt',__('存在待偿还的佣金欠款，暂不可提现。','aksrt'),['status'=>409]);
+		$minimum=\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($settings['min_amount'] ?? null) ? $settings['min_amount'] : '');
+		if ($amount->minor() < $minimum->minor()) return new \WP_Error('affiliate_withdraw_min',__('未达到最低提现金额。','aksrt'),['status'=>400]);
         if (!in_array($method,(array)$settings['payout_channels'],true) || $account==='') return new \WP_Error('affiliate_withdraw_account',__('请提供有效的收款渠道和收款码。','aksrt'),['status'=>400]);
-        $result=\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->create_balance_request($user_id,$amount,$method,$account,$settings); if(is_wp_error($result)) return $result; return new \WP_REST_Response(['success'=>true,'data'=>$result],201);
+		$result=\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->create_balance_request($user_id,$amount->minor(),$method,$account,$settings,$operation_key); if(is_wp_error($result)) return $result; return new \WP_REST_Response(['success'=>true,'data'=>$result],201);
     }
     public function admin_withdrawals(array $args): array { $service=\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance(); return ['items'=>$service->get_all(['status'=>sanitize_key((string)($args['status']??'')),'limit'=>max(1,min(100,(int)($args['per_page']??20))),'offset'=>max(0,((int)($args['page']??1)-1)*max(1,(int)($args['per_page']??20)))]),'stats'=>$service->get_stats()]; }
-    public function transition_withdrawal(int $id,string $status,string $note): \WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error { $status = ['approved'=>'processing','paid'=>'completed'][$status] ?? $status; $result=\AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->process_status_change($id,$status,$note); if(is_wp_error($result)) return $result; return new \WP_REST_Response(['success'=>true,'status'=>$status],200); }
+	public function transition_withdrawal(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response|\WP_Error {
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'admin-withdraw-transition', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) return $operation_key;
+		$status = sanitize_key((string) $request->get_param('status'));
+		$result = \AKSRT\Payment\Withdrawal::get_instance()->process_status_change((int) $request['id'], $status, (string) $request->get_param('note'), $operation_key);
+		if (is_wp_error($result)) return $result;
+		$data = is_array($result) ? $result : [];
+		return new \WP_REST_Response(array_merge(['success' => true, 'status' => $status], $data), 200);
+	}
+	private function balance_decimal(string $value): string {
+		try {
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return '0.00';
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/Payment/Coupon.php b/src/Payment/Coupon.php
index 91fbc20b..5426aa02 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Coupon.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Coupon.php
@@ -44,20 +44,29 @@ class Coupon {
             $type = self::TYPE_FIXED;
         }
 
+        $value = $type === self::TYPE_PERCENT
+            ? $this->normalize_percent_input($data['value'] ?? null)
+            : $this->normalize_money_input($data['value'] ?? null);
+        $min_amount = $this->normalize_money_input($data['min_amount'] ?? '0');
+        $max_discount = $this->normalize_money_input($data['max_discount'] ?? '0');
+        if ($value === null || $min_amount === null || $max_discount === null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         $wpdb->insert($this->table(), [
             'code'           => $code,
             'type'           => $type,
-            'value'          => (float) ($data['value'] ?? 0),
-            'min_amount'     => (float) ($data['min_amount'] ?? 0),
+            'value'          => (string) $value,
+            'min_amount'     => $min_amount,
             'usage_limit'    => (int) ($data['usage_limit'] ?? 0),
             'used_count'     => 0,
             'expires_at'     => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['expires_at'] ?? '')),
             'per_user_limit' => (int) ($data['per_user_limit'] ?? 0),
             'product_scope'  => wp_json_encode($data['product_scope'] ?? [], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE),
-            'max_discount'   => (float) ($data['max_discount'] ?? 0),
+            'max_discount'   => $max_discount,
             'status'         => 'active',
             'created_at'     => current_time('mysql'),
-        ], ['%s', '%s', '%f', '%f', '%d', '%d', '%s', '%d', '%s', '%f', '%s', '%s']);
+        ], ['%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%d', '%s', '%d', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s']);
 
         return (int) $wpdb->insert_id;
     }
@@ -114,9 +123,15 @@ class Coupon {
      *
      * @return array{valid: bool, coupon?: array, message?: string}
      */
-    public function validate(string $code, float $order_amount = 0, array $args = []): array {
+    public function validate(string $code, string $order_amount = '0', array $args = []): array {
         global $wpdb;
 
+        try {
+            $order_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($order_amount);
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return ['valid' => false, 'message' => '订单金额格式无效'];
+        }
+
         $code = sanitize_text_field($code);
         if ($code === '') {
             return ['valid' => false, 'message' => '请输入优惠码'];
@@ -145,7 +160,7 @@ class Coupon {
             return ['valid' => false, 'message' => '优惠码已用完'];
         }
 
-        if ($coupon['min_amount'] > 0 && $order_amount < $coupon['min_amount']) {
+        if ($coupon['min_amount_minor'] > 0 && $order_minor < $coupon['min_amount_minor']) {
             return ['valid' => false, 'message' => '订单金额不满足最低消费要求'];
         }
 
@@ -196,22 +211,23 @@ class Coupon {
         }
 
         // Calculate discount
-        $discount = 0;
+        $discount_minor = 0;
         if ($coupon['type'] === self::TYPE_PERCENT) {
-            $discount = $order_amount * ($coupon['value'] / 100);
+            $discount_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::percentage($order_minor, (int) $coupon['value']);
         } else {
-            $discount = min($coupon['value'], $order_amount);
+            $discount_minor = min((int) $coupon['value_minor'], $order_minor);
         }
 
         // Max discount cap
-        if ($coupon['max_discount'] > 0 && $discount > $coupon['max_discount']) {
-            $discount = $coupon['max_discount'];
+        if ($coupon['max_discount_minor'] > 0 && $discount_minor > $coupon['max_discount_minor']) {
+            $discount_minor = $coupon['max_discount_minor'];
         }
 
         return [
             'valid'    => true,
             'coupon'   => $coupon,
-            'discount' => round($discount, 2),
+            'discount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($discount_minor),
+            'discount_minor' => $discount_minor,
         ];
     }
 
@@ -223,11 +239,11 @@ class Coupon {
 
         $code = sanitize_text_field($code);
         $result = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
-            "UPDATE {$this->table()} SET used_count = used_count + 1 WHERE code = %s",
+            "UPDATE {$this->table()} SET used_count = used_count + 1 WHERE code = %s AND status = 'active' AND (usage_limit = 0 OR used_count < usage_limit)",
             $code
         ));
 
-        return $result !== false;
+        return $result === 1;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -266,7 +282,8 @@ class Coupon {
      */
     public function update(int $id, array $data): bool {
         global $wpdb;
-        if ($id <= 0 || !$this->get($id)) {
+        $current = $id > 0 ? $this->get($id) : null;
+        if (!$current) {
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -282,16 +299,31 @@ class Coupon {
             $format[] = '%s';
         }
         if (array_key_exists('value', $data)) {
-            $fields['value'] = (float) $data['value'];
-            $format[] = '%f';
+            $target_type = (string) ($fields['type'] ?? $current['type']);
+            $value = $target_type === self::TYPE_PERCENT
+                ? $this->normalize_percent_input($data['value'])
+                : $this->normalize_money_input($data['value']);
+            if ($value === null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $fields['value'] = (string) $value;
+            $format[] = '%s';
         }
         if (array_key_exists('min_amount', $data)) {
-            $fields['min_amount'] = (float) $data['min_amount'];
-            $format[] = '%f';
+            $value = $this->normalize_money_input($data['min_amount']);
+            if ($value === null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $fields['min_amount'] = $value;
+            $format[] = '%s';
         }
         if (array_key_exists('max_discount', $data)) {
-            $fields['max_discount'] = (float) $data['max_discount'];
-            $format[] = '%f';
+            $value = $this->normalize_money_input($data['max_discount']);
+            if ($value === null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $fields['max_discount'] = $value;
+            $format[] = '%s';
         }
         if (array_key_exists('usage_limit', $data)) {
             $fields['usage_limit'] = (int) $data['usage_limit'];
@@ -371,29 +403,66 @@ class Coupon {
     /**
      * Log a coupon usage record.
      */
-    public function log_usage(int $coupon_id, int $user_id, string $order_number, float $discount): void {
+    public function log_usage(int $coupon_id, int $user_id, string $order_number, string $discount): bool {
         global $wpdb;
+        $discount = $this->normalize_money_input($discount);
+        if ($coupon_id <= 0 || $order_number === '' || $discount === null) {
+            return false;
+        }
         $table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('coupon_usage');
-        $wpdb->insert($table, [
+        return $wpdb->insert($table, [
             'coupon_id'    => $coupon_id,
             'user_id'      => $user_id,
             'order_number' => $order_number,
             'discount'     => $discount,
             'created_at'   => current_time('mysql'),
-        ], ['%d', '%d', '%s', '%f', '%s']);
+        ], ['%d', '%d', '%s', '%s', '%s']) === 1;
     }
 
     private function normalize_row(array $row): array {
         $row['id'] = (int) $row['id'];
-        $row['value'] = (float) $row['value'];
-        $row['min_amount'] = (float) $row['min_amount'];
+        $row['type'] = in_array((string) ($row['type'] ?? ''), [self::TYPE_PERCENT, self::TYPE_FIXED], true)
+            ? (string) $row['type']
+            : self::TYPE_FIXED;
+        if ($row['type'] === self::TYPE_PERCENT) {
+            $row['value'] = $this->normalize_percent_input((string) ($row['value'] ?? '')) ?? 0;
+            $row['value_minor'] = 0;
+        } else {
+            $row['value'] = $this->normalize_money_input((string) ($row['value'] ?? '')) ?? '0.00';
+            $row['value_minor'] = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($row['value']);
+        }
+        $row['min_amount'] = $this->normalize_money_input((string) ($row['min_amount'] ?? '')) ?? '0.00';
+        $row['min_amount_minor'] = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($row['min_amount']);
         $row['usage_limit'] = (int) $row['usage_limit'];
         $row['used_count'] = (int) $row['used_count'];
         $row['per_user_limit'] = (int) ($row['per_user_limit'] ?? 0);
-        $row['max_discount'] = (float) ($row['max_discount'] ?? 0);
+        $row['max_discount'] = $this->normalize_money_input((string) ($row['max_discount'] ?? '')) ?? '0.00';
+        $row['max_discount_minor'] = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($row['max_discount']);
         if (!empty($row['product_scope']) && is_string($row['product_scope'])) {
             $row['product_scope'] = json_decode($row['product_scope'], true) ?: [];
         }
         return $row;
     }
+
+    private function normalize_money_input($value): ?string {
+        if (!is_string($value)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function normalize_percent_input($value): ?int {
+        if (!is_string($value)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        $value = trim($value);
+        if (!preg_match('/^(100|[1-9]?\d)(?:\.0{1,2})?$/', $value)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return (int) $value;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Payment/Gateway.php b/src/Payment/Gateway.php
index 649fc5be..cb809152 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Gateway.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Gateway.php
@@ -350,24 +350,28 @@ class Gateway {
         // Provider-confirmed external payments must include an exact amount and transaction ID.
         $expected_currency = strtoupper((string) ($order['currency'] ?? ''));
         $paid_currency = strtoupper(sanitize_key((string) ($verify['currency'] ?? '')));
-        $expected       = (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0);
-        $paid_amount    = (float) ($verify['amount'] ?? 0);
+		try {
+			$expected = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($order['amount'] ?? null) ? $order['amount'] : '');
+			$paid_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($verify['amount'] ?? null) ? $verify['amount'] : '');
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
         $transaction_id = sanitize_text_field((string) ($verify['transaction_id'] ?? ''));
-        if ($expected <= 0
-            || $paid_amount <= 0
+		if ($expected->minor() <= 0
+			|| $paid_amount->minor() <= 0
             || $transaction_id === ''
             || $expected_currency === ''
             || $paid_currency === ''
             || !hash_equals($expected_currency, $paid_currency)
-            || abs($expected - $paid_amount) > 0.01) {
+			|| $expected->minor() !== $paid_amount->minor()) {
             if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
                 error_log(sprintf(
-                    '[AKSRT Payment] invalid completion order=%s out_trade_no=%s expected=%.2f %s paid=%.2f %s transaction=%s gateway=%s',
+					'[AKSRT Payment] invalid completion order=%s out_trade_no=%s expected=%s %s paid=%s %s transaction=%s gateway=%s',
                     $order_number,
                     $provider_out_trade_no,
-                    $expected,
+					$expected->decimal(),
                     $expected_currency,
-                    $paid_amount,
+					$paid_amount->decimal(),
                     $paid_currency,
                     $transaction_id !== '' ? 'present' : 'missing',
                     $gateway_id
diff --git a/src/Payment/GatewayInterface.php b/src/Payment/GatewayInterface.php
index bec55990..7746be76 100644
--- a/src/Payment/GatewayInterface.php
+++ b/src/Payment/GatewayInterface.php
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ interface GatewayInterface {
      * 验证回调
      *
      * @param \WP_REST_Request $request 回调请求
-     * @return array{success: bool, order_number?: string, amount?: float, transaction_id?: string, message?: string}
+     * @return array{success: bool, order_number?: string, amount?: string, transaction_id?: string, message?: string}
      */
     public function verify_callback(\WP_REST_Request $request): array;
 
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ interface GatewayInterface {
      * 退款
      *
      * @param string $order_number 订单号
-     * @param float  $amount       退款金额
+	 * @param string $amount       最多两位小数的退款金额
      * @param string $request_id  幂等退款请求号
      * @return array{success: bool, status?: string, refund_id?: string, request_id?: string, message?: string}
      */
-    public function refund(string $order_number, float $amount, string $request_id = ''): array;
+	public function refund(string $order_number, string $amount, string $request_id = ''): array;
 
     /**
      * 获取网关显示名称
diff --git a/src/Payment/Gateways/AlipayGateway.php b/src/Payment/Gateways/AlipayGateway.php
index ed6f0ce4..b1755ba4 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Gateways/AlipayGateway.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Gateways/AlipayGateway.php
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ class AlipayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 				? \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::provider_out_trade_no($order)
 				: $order_number;
 		}
-		$amount       = (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0);
+		$amount = $this->amount_string($order['amount'] ?? null);
 		$subject      = (string) ($order['subject'] ?? __('订单支付', 'aksrt'));
 		$payment_type = $this->get_config()['payment_type'];
 
-		if ($order_number === '' || $out_trade_no === '' || $amount <= 0) {
+		if ($order_number === '' || $out_trade_no === '' || $amount === '') {
 			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('订单参数无效', 'aksrt')];
 		}
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class AlipayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 			$payload = [
 				'_method'      => 'GET',
 				'out_trade_no' => $out_trade_no,
-				'total_amount' => number_format($amount, 2, '.', ''),
+				'total_amount' => $amount,
 				'subject'      => mb_substr($subject, 0, 256),
 			];
 
@@ -109,16 +109,17 @@ class AlipayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 			$order_number = (string) ($data['out_trade_no'] ?? '');
 			$trade_no     = (string) ($data['trade_no'] ?? '');
 
+			$amount = $this->amount_string($data['total_amount'] ?? null);
 			if (($data['app_id'] ?? '') !== $config['app_id']
 				|| $order_number === ''
-				|| ($paid && ($trade_no === '' || (float) ($data['total_amount'] ?? 0) <= 0))) {
+				|| ($paid && ($trade_no === '' || $amount === ''))) {
 				return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('支付宝回调身份或订单数据无效', 'aksrt')];
 			}
 
 			return [
 				'success'        => true,
 				'order_number'   => $order_number,
-				'amount'         => (float) ($data['total_amount'] ?? 0),
+				'amount'         => $amount,
 				'currency'       => 'CNY',
 				'transaction_id' => $trade_no,
 				'status'         => $paid ? 'paid' : 'pending',
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ class AlipayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 				'success'        => true,
 				// Keep provider out_trade_no for Gateway::complete_order resolve.
 				'order_number'   => (string) ($data['out_trade_no'] ?? $out_trade_no),
-				'amount'         => (float) ($data['total_amount'] ?? 0),
+				'amount'         => $this->amount_string($data['total_amount'] ?? null),
 				'currency'       => 'CNY',
 				'transaction_id' => (string) ($data['trade_no'] ?? ''),
 				'status'         => $status,
@@ -200,8 +201,13 @@ class AlipayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 		}
 	}
 
-	public function refund(string $order_number, float $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
-		if ($amount <= 0) {
+	public function refund(string $order_number, string $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
+		try {
+			$refund_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($amount);
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'status' => 'failed', 'message' => __('退款金额无效', 'aksrt')];
+		}
+		if ($refund_amount->minor() <= 0) {
 			return ['success' => false, 'status' => 'failed', 'message' => __('退款金额无效', 'aksrt')];
 		}
 		if (!$this->is_configured()) {
@@ -219,14 +225,14 @@ class AlipayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 			);
 			$result = Pay::alipay()->refund([
 				'out_trade_no'   => $out_trade_no,
-				'refund_amount'  => number_format($amount, 2, '.', ''),
+				'refund_amount'  => $refund_amount->decimal(),
 				'refund_reason'  => __('用户申请退款', 'aksrt'),
 				'out_request_no' => $refund_request_id,
 			]);
 			$data = YansongdaPayFactory::to_array($result);
 
 			$fund_change = strtoupper((string) ($data['fund_change'] ?? ''));
-			$status = ($fund_change === 'Y' || (float) ($data['refund_fee'] ?? 0) > 0)
+			$status = ($fund_change === 'Y' || $this->amount_string($data['refund_fee'] ?? null) !== '')
 				? 'succeeded'
 				: 'unknown';
 
@@ -256,8 +262,8 @@ class AlipayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 			$result = Pay::alipay()->query($params);
 			$data = YansongdaPayFactory::to_array($result);
 			$refund_status = strtoupper((string) ($data['refund_status'] ?? ''));
-			$refund_amount = (float) ($data['refund_amount'] ?? 0);
-			$status = ($refund_status === 'REFUND_SUCCESS' || $refund_amount > 0)
+			$refund_amount = $this->amount_string($data['refund_amount'] ?? null);
+			$status = ($refund_status === 'REFUND_SUCCESS' || $refund_amount !== '')
 				? 'succeeded'
 				: ($refund_status === 'REFUND_FAIL' ? 'failed' : 'pending');
 			return [
@@ -291,6 +297,18 @@ class AlipayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 		];
 	}
 
+	private function amount_string(mixed $value): string {
+		if (!is_string($value)) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		try {
+			$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value));
+			return $amount->minor() > 0 ? $amount->decimal() : '';
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Map local order_number → provider out_trade_no (supports resume attempts).
 	 */
diff --git a/src/Payment/Gateways/EpayGateway.php b/src/Payment/Gateways/EpayGateway.php
index 370fc833..b4d1c34d 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Gateways/EpayGateway.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Gateways/EpayGateway.php
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ class EpayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 				? \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::provider_out_trade_no($order)
 				: $order_number;
 		}
-		$amount       = (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0);
+		$amount       = $this->amount_string($order['amount'] ?? null);
 		$subject      = (string) ($order['subject'] ?? __('订单支付', 'aksrt'));
-		if ($order_number === '' || $out_trade_no === '' || $amount <= 0) {
+		if ($order_number === '' || $out_trade_no === '' || $amount === null) {
 			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('订单参数无效', 'aksrt')];
 		}
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class EpayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 			'notify_url'   => rest_url('aksrt/v1/payment/' . $this->get_id() . '/notify'),
 			'return_url'   => rest_url('aksrt/v1/payment/' . $this->get_id() . '/return'),
 			'name'         => mb_substr(wp_strip_all_tags($subject), 0, 127),
-			'money'        => number_format($amount, 2, '.', ''),
+			'money'        => $amount,
 		];
 		$params['sign'] = $this->sign($params, $config['key']);
 		$params['sign_type'] = 'MD5';
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class EpayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 
 		$order_number   = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['out_trade_no'] ?? ''));
 		$transaction_id = sanitize_text_field((string) ($params['trade_no'] ?? ''));
-		$amount         = (float) ($params['money'] ?? 0);
+		$amount         = $this->amount_string($params['money'] ?? null);
 		$trade_status   = (string) ($params['trade_status'] ?? '');
 		$type           = sanitize_key((string) ($params['type'] ?? ''));
 
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@ class EpayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 		}
 
 		$paid = ($trade_status === '' || $trade_status === 'TRADE_SUCCESS');
-		if ($order_number === '' || ($paid && ($transaction_id === '' || $amount <= 0))) {
+		if ($order_number === '' || ($paid && ($transaction_id === '' || $amount === null))) {
 			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('易支付回调数据无效', 'aksrt')];
 		}
 
 		return [
 			'success'        => true,
 			'order_number'   => $order_number,
-			'amount'         => $amount,
+			'amount'         => $amount ?? '0.00',
 			'currency'       => 'CNY',
 			'transaction_id' => $transaction_id,
 			'status'         => $paid ? 'paid' : 'pending',
@@ -209,20 +209,20 @@ class EpayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 		$status = (int) ($body['status'] ?? $body['trade_status'] ?? 0);
 		$paid   = $code === 1 && ((string) $status === '1' || (string) ($body['trade_status'] ?? '') === 'TRADE_SUCCESS');
 
-		$amount = (float) ($body['money'] ?? $body['amount'] ?? 0);
+		$amount = $this->amount_string($body['money'] ?? $body['amount'] ?? null);
 		$tx     = (string) ($body['trade_no'] ?? $body['api_trade_no'] ?? '');
 
 		return [
 			'success'        => true,
 			'order_number'   => (string) ($body['out_trade_no'] ?? $out_trade_no),
-			'amount'         => $amount,
+			'amount'         => $amount ?? '0.00',
 			'currency'       => 'CNY',
 			'transaction_id' => $tx,
 			'status'         => $paid ? 'paid' : 'pending',
 		];
 	}
 
-	public function refund(string $order_number, float $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
+	public function refund(string $order_number, string $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
 		return [
 			'success' => false,
 			'status'  => 'failed',
@@ -288,6 +288,18 @@ class EpayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 		return rtrim($apiurl, '/') . '/' . ltrim($file, '/');
 	}
 
+	private function amount_string(mixed $value): ?string {
+		if (!is_string($value)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		try {
+			$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value));
+			return $amount->minor() > 0 ? $amount->decimal() : null;
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
 	private function prefer_mobile(string $device): bool {
 		if ($device === 'mobile') {
 			return true;
diff --git a/src/Payment/Gateways/PayPalGateway.php b/src/Payment/Gateways/PayPalGateway.php
index a8f78e7b..6cb9d690 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Gateways/PayPalGateway.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Gateways/PayPalGateway.php
@@ -40,13 +40,16 @@ class PayPalGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
                 ? \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::provider_out_trade_no($order)
                 : $order_number;
         }
-        $amount = (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0);
+        $amount = $this->amount_string($order['amount'] ?? null);
         $subject = $order['subject'] ?? __('订单支付', 'aksrt');
         $order_currency = strtoupper((string) ($order['currency'] ?? ''));
         $currency = strtoupper((string) ($config['currency'] ?? 'USD'));
         if ($order_currency === '' || !hash_equals($order_currency, $currency)) {
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('PayPal 币种与订单币种不一致', 'aksrt')];
         }
+		if ($order_number === '' || $out_trade_no === '' || $amount === null) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('订单金额无效', 'aksrt')];
+		}
 
         try {
             $response = $this->api_request('POST', '/v2/checkout/orders', [
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ class PayPalGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
                     'description'  => $subject,
                     'amount'       => [
                         'currency_code' => $currency,
-                        'value'         => number_format($amount, 2, '.', ''),
+                        'value'         => $amount,
                     ],
                 ]],
                 'application_context' => [
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@ class PayPalGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
         }
     }
 
-    public function refund(string $order_number, float $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
+	public function refund(string $order_number, string $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
         return [
             'success' => false,
             'message' => __('PayPal 退款需要通过后台手动处理', 'aksrt'),
@@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ class PayPalGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
      * 用户在 return_url 返回后调用，确认真正扣款。
      *
      * @param string $paypal_order_id PayPal 订单 ID（create 时返回的 id）
-     * @return array{success:bool, order_number?:string, amount?:float, transaction_id?:string, status?:string, message?:string}
+     * @return array{success:bool, order_number?:string, amount?:string, transaction_id?:string, status?:string, message?:string}
      */
     public function capture_order(string $paypal_order_id): array {
         if ($paypal_order_id === '') {
@@ -192,16 +195,32 @@ class PayPalGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
     private function completed_order_evidence(array $body): array {
         $unit = $body['purchase_units'][0] ?? [];
         $capture = $unit['payments']['captures'][0] ?? [];
+		$amount = $this->amount_string($capture['amount']['value'] ?? null);
+		if ($amount === null) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('PayPal 返回金额无效', 'aksrt')];
+		}
         return [
             'success'        => true,
             'order_number'   => (string) ($unit['reference_id'] ?? ''),
-            'amount'         => (float) ($capture['amount']['value'] ?? 0),
+            'amount'         => $amount,
             'currency'       => strtoupper((string) ($capture['amount']['currency_code'] ?? '')),
             'transaction_id' => (string) ($capture['id'] ?? ($body['id'] ?? '')),
             'status'         => 'paid',
         ];
     }
 
+	private function amount_string(mixed $value): ?string {
+		if (!is_string($value)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		try {
+			$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value));
+			return $amount->minor() > 0 ? $amount->decimal() : null;
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
     /**
      * 获取 OAuth2 access token（v2 REST 必需）。
      */
diff --git a/src/Payment/Gateways/StripeGateway.php b/src/Payment/Gateways/StripeGateway.php
index c8a88c43..38e27575 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Gateways/StripeGateway.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Gateways/StripeGateway.php
@@ -42,13 +42,17 @@ class StripeGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
                 ? \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::provider_out_trade_no($order)
                 : $order_number;
         }
-        $amount = (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0);
+        $amount = is_string($order['amount'] ?? null) ? trim($order['amount']) : '';
         $subject = $order['subject'] ?? __('订单支付', 'aksrt');
         $order_currency = strtoupper((string) ($order['currency'] ?? ''));
         $currency = strtolower($config['currency'] ?? 'usd');
         if ($order_currency === '' || !hash_equals($order_currency, strtoupper($currency))) {
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('Stripe 币种与订单币种不一致', 'aksrt')];
         }
+		$smallest_amount = $this->to_smallest_unit($amount, $currency);
+		if ($order_number === '' || $out_trade_no === '' || $smallest_amount === null || $smallest_amount <= 0) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('订单金额无效', 'aksrt')];
+		}
 
         try {
             $stripe = $this->create_client($config);
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ class StripeGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
                         'product_data' => [
                             'name' => $subject,
                         ],
-                        'unit_amount'  => $this->to_smallest_unit($amount, $currency),
+                        'unit_amount'  => $smallest_amount,
                     ],
                     'quantity' => 1,
                 ]],
@@ -204,7 +208,15 @@ class StripeGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
         }
     }
 
-    public function refund(string $order_number, float $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
+	public function refund(string $order_number, string $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
+		try {
+			$refund_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($amount);
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('退款金额无效', 'aksrt')];
+		}
+		if ($refund_amount->minor() <= 0) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('退款金额无效', 'aksrt')];
+		}
         if (!$this->is_configured()) {
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('Stripe 未配置', 'aksrt')];
         }
@@ -228,6 +240,10 @@ class StripeGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
             }
 
             $currency = strtolower((string) ($found->currency ?? $config['currency'] ?? 'usd'));
+			$refund_smallest = $this->to_smallest_unit($refund_amount->decimal(), $currency);
+			if ($refund_smallest === null || $refund_smallest <= 0) {
+				return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('退款金额与币种精度不匹配', 'aksrt')];
+			}
 
             $options = ['api_key' => $config['secret_key']];
             if ($request_id !== '') {
@@ -235,7 +251,7 @@ class StripeGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
             }
             $refund = \Stripe\Refund::create([
                 'payment_intent' => $paymentIntentId,
-                'amount'         => $this->to_smallest_unit($amount, $currency),
+				'amount'         => $refund_smallest,
                 'reason'         => 'requested_by_customer',
                 'metadata'       => [
                     'aksrt_request_id' => $request_id,
@@ -390,26 +406,37 @@ class StripeGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
         return array_values(array_intersect($methods, $valid)) ?: ['card'];
     }
 
-    private function from_smallest_unit(int $amount, string $currency): float {
+    private function from_smallest_unit(int $amount, string $currency): string {
+		if ($amount < 0) {
+			return '0.00';
+		}
         $zero_decimal = ['bif', 'clp', 'djf', 'gnf', 'jpy', 'kmf', 'krw', 'mga', 'pyg', 'rwf', 'ugx', 'vnd', 'vuv', 'xaf', 'xof', 'xpf'];
         if (in_array(strtolower($currency), $zero_decimal, true)) {
-            return (float) $amount;
+			if ($amount > intdiv(PHP_INT_MAX, 100)) {
+				return '0.00';
+			}
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $amount * 100)->decimal();
         }
 
-        return $amount / 100;
+		return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $amount)->decimal();
     }
 
     /**
      * 将金额转换为最小单位（分/cent）。
      */
-    private function to_smallest_unit(float $amount, string $currency): int {
+    private function to_smallest_unit(string $amount, string $currency): ?int {
+		try {
+			$parsed = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($amount);
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return null;
+		}
         // 零小数货币（日元、韩元等）
         $zeroDecimal = ['bif', 'clp', 'djf', 'gnf', 'jpy', 'kmf', 'krw', 'mga', 'pyg', 'rwf', 'ugx', 'vnd', 'vuv', 'xaf', 'xof', 'xpf'];
 
         if (in_array(strtolower($currency), $zeroDecimal, true)) {
-            return (int) $amount;
+			return $parsed->minor() % 100 === 0 ? intdiv($parsed->minor(), 100) : null;
         }
 
-        return (int) round($amount * 100);
+		return $parsed->minor();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/Payment/Gateways/WechatPayGateway.php b/src/Payment/Gateways/WechatPayGateway.php
index 5dcf0689..0fb10ea5 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Gateways/WechatPayGateway.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Gateways/WechatPayGateway.php
@@ -47,10 +47,13 @@ class WechatPayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 				? \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::provider_out_trade_no($order)
 				: $order_number;
 		}
-		$amount        = (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0);
 		$subject       = (string) ($order['subject'] ?? __('订单支付', 'aksrt'));
 		$payment_type  = $this->get_config()['payment_type'];
-		$total_fen     = (int) round($amount * 100);
+		try {
+			$total_fen = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($order['amount'] ?? null) ? trim($order['amount']) : '')->minor();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			$total_fen = 0;
+		}
 
 		if ($order_number === '' || $out_trade_no === '' || $total_fen <= 0) {
 			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('订单参数无效', 'aksrt')];
@@ -178,7 +181,7 @@ class WechatPayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 			return [
 				'success'        => true,
 				'order_number'   => $order_number,
-				'amount'         => $total_fen > 0 ? ($total_fen / 100) : 0.0,
+				'amount'         => $this->fen_decimal($total_fen),
 				'currency'       => strtoupper((string) YansongdaPayFactory::dig($data, 'amount.currency', 'CNY')),
 				'transaction_id' => $transaction_id,
 				'status'         => $paid ? 'paid' : 'pending',
@@ -242,7 +245,7 @@ class WechatPayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 				'success'        => true,
 				// Keep provider out_trade_no so Gateway::complete_order can resolve the local order.
 				'order_number'   => (string) ($data['out_trade_no'] ?? $out_trade_no),
-				'amount'         => ((int) YansongdaPayFactory::dig($data, 'amount.total', 0)) / 100,
+				'amount'         => $this->fen_decimal((int) YansongdaPayFactory::dig($data, 'amount.total', 0)),
 				'currency'       => strtoupper((string) YansongdaPayFactory::dig($data, 'amount.currency', 'CNY')),
 				'transaction_id' => (string) ($data['transaction_id'] ?? ''),
 				'status'         => $status,
@@ -271,7 +274,15 @@ class WechatPayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 		}
 	}
 
-	public function refund(string $order_number, float $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
+	public function refund(string $order_number, string $amount, string $request_id = ''): array {
+		try {
+			$refund_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($amount);
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'status' => 'failed', 'message' => __('退款金额无效', 'aksrt')];
+		}
+		if ($refund_amount->minor() <= 0) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'status' => 'failed', 'message' => __('退款金额无效', 'aksrt')];
+		}
 		if (!$this->is_configured()) {
 			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('微信支付未配置', 'aksrt')];
 		}
@@ -288,7 +299,7 @@ class WechatPayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 			]);
 			$q = YansongdaPayFactory::to_array($query);
 			$total_fen = (int) YansongdaPayFactory::dig($q, 'amount.total', 0);
-			$refund_fen = (int) round($amount * 100);
+			$refund_fen = $refund_amount->minor();
 			if ($total_fen <= 0) {
 				return ['success' => false, 'status' => 'failed', 'message' => __('无法确认原订单金额', 'aksrt')];
 			}
@@ -387,6 +398,13 @@ class WechatPayGateway implements \AKSRT\Payment\GatewayInterface {
 		return $map[$type] ?? 'native';
 	}
 
+	private function fen_decimal(int $amount): string {
+		return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(
+			\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE,
+			max(0, $amount)
+		)->decimal();
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Map local order_number → provider out_trade_no (supports resume attempts).
 	 */
diff --git a/src/Payment/Order.php b/src/Payment/Order.php
index 10ad181d..db707990 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Order.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Order.php
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ class Order {
         add_action('wp_ajax_aksrt_order_stats', [$this, 'ajax_stats']);
     }
 
-    public function create(int $user_id, string $product_type, int $product_id, float $amount, string $currency = 'CNY'): string {
+	public function create(int $user_id, string $product_type, int $product_id, string $amount, string $currency = 'CNY'): string {
         // Guest content orders may use user_id=0 (legacy pay_no_logged_in).
-        if ($user_id < 0 || $product_id < 0 || $amount < 0) {
+		if ($user_id < 0 || $product_id < 0) {
             return '';
         }
 
diff --git a/src/Payment/OrderCenterRest.php b/src/Payment/OrderCenterRest.php
index ffa6702a..fc784de1 100644
--- a/src/Payment/OrderCenterRest.php
+++ b/src/Payment/OrderCenterRest.php
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ class OrderCenterRest {
             'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
             'callback' => [$this, 'pay'],
             'permission_callback' => [$this, 'require_logged_in'],
-            'args' => $route_args,
+			'args' => array_merge($route_args, [
+				'payment_method' => ['type' => 'string', 'sanitize_callback' => 'sanitize_key'],
+			]),
         ]);
         register_rest_route($namespace, '/orders/' . $order_number . '/cancel', [
             'methods' => \WP_REST_Server::CREATABLE,
@@ -76,10 +78,14 @@ class OrderCenterRest {
     }
 
     /** @return true|\WP_Error */
-    public function require_logged_in() {
+	public function require_logged_in(\WP_REST_Request $request) {
         if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
             return new \WP_Error('aksrt_rest_forbidden', __('请先登录', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 401]);
         }
+		$nonce = (string) $request->get_header('X-WP-Nonce');
+		if ($nonce === '' || !wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'wp_rest')) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_rest_nonce', __('安全验证失败，请刷新页面后重试', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 403]);
+		}
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -92,6 +98,10 @@ class OrderCenterRest {
     }
 
     public function pay(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'order-pay', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return new \WP_REST_Response(['success' => false, 'message' => $operation_key->get_error_message()], (int) ($operation_key->get_error_data()['status'] ?? 400));
+		}
         $params = $request->get_json_params();
         $params = is_array($params) ? $params : [];
         $result = UserOrders::get_instance()->pay_order(
@@ -101,10 +111,14 @@ class OrderCenterRest {
         );
         return !empty($result['success'])
             ? $this->success(['data' => $result['data'] ?? []])
-            : $this->error((string) ($result['message'] ?? __('支付失败', 'aksrt')), 400);
+            : $this->error((string) ($result['message'] ?? __('支付失败', 'aksrt')), (int) ($result['status'] ?? 400));
     }
 
     public function cancel(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'order-cancel', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return new \WP_REST_Response(['success' => false, 'message' => $operation_key->get_error_message()], (int) ($operation_key->get_error_data()['status'] ?? 400));
+		}
         $result = UserOrders::get_instance()->cancel_order(
             get_current_user_id(),
             sanitize_text_field((string) $request->get_param('order_number'))
@@ -115,6 +129,10 @@ class OrderCenterRest {
     }
 
     public function refresh(\WP_REST_Request $request): \WP_REST_Response {
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::from_request($request, 'order-refresh', get_current_user_id());
+		if (is_wp_error($operation_key)) {
+			return new \WP_REST_Response(['success' => false, 'message' => $operation_key->get_error_message()], (int) ($operation_key->get_error_data()['status'] ?? 400));
+		}
         $order = UserOrders::get_instance()->refresh_order(
             get_current_user_id(),
             sanitize_text_field((string) $request->get_param('order_number'))
diff --git a/src/Payment/OrderRepository.php b/src/Payment/OrderRepository.php
index fc91f3fa..2b2c81ab 100644
--- a/src/Payment/OrderRepository.php
+++ b/src/Payment/OrderRepository.php
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ class OrderRepository {
     use OrderRepositoryAdmin;
 
     private static $instance = null;
+	private int $status_transaction_depth = 0;
+	/** @var array<int,array{hook:string,args:array<int,mixed>}> */
+	private array $status_after_commit_events = [];
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/Payment/OrderRepositoryAdmin.php b/src/Payment/OrderRepositoryAdmin.php
index c919eab3..07f275bd 100644
--- a/src/Payment/OrderRepositoryAdmin.php
+++ b/src/Payment/OrderRepositoryAdmin.php
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
      *   orderby?: string,
      *   order?: string
      * } $args
-     * @return array{items: list<array{product_id:int,product_type:string,sales_count:int,avg_amount:float,revenue:float}>, total: int}
+     * @return array{items: list<array{product_id:int,product_type:string,sales_count:int,avg_amount:int|string,revenue:int|string}>, total: int}
      */
     public function get_content_sales_summary(array $args = []): array {
         global $wpdb;
@@ -237,12 +237,13 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
 
         $list_sql = "SELECT product_id,
                             product_type,
+                            currency,
                             COUNT(*) AS sales_count,
                             AVG(amount) AS avg_amount,
                             SUM(amount) AS revenue
                      FROM {$table}
                      {$where_sql}
-                     GROUP BY product_id, product_type
+                     GROUP BY product_id, product_type, currency
                      ORDER BY {$orderby_col} {$order_dir}
                      LIMIT %d OFFSET %d";
         $list_params   = $params;
@@ -252,12 +253,28 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
         $rows = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare($list_sql, $list_params), ARRAY_A);
         $items = [];
         foreach ((array) $rows as $row) {
+            $sales_count = max(1, (int) ($row['sales_count'] ?? 0));
+            $is_points = (string) ($row['currency'] ?? '') === 'points';
+            if ($is_points) {
+                $revenue = max(0, (int) ($row['revenue'] ?? 0));
+                $avg_amount = intdiv($revenue + intdiv($sales_count, 2), $sales_count);
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    $revenue_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor((string) ($row['revenue'] ?? '0'));
+                } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+                    $revenue_minor = 0;
+                }
+                $revenue = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($revenue_minor);
+                $avg_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor(
+                    intdiv($revenue_minor + intdiv($sales_count, 2), $sales_count)
+                );
+            }
             $items[] = [
                 'product_id'   => (int) ($row['product_id'] ?? 0),
                 'product_type' => (string) ($row['product_type'] ?? $product_type),
                 'sales_count'  => (int) ($row['sales_count'] ?? 0),
-                'avg_amount'   => round((float) ($row['avg_amount'] ?? 0), 2),
-                'revenue'      => round((float) ($row['revenue'] ?? 0), 2),
+                'avg_amount'   => $avg_amount,
+                'revenue'      => $revenue,
             ];
         }
 
@@ -273,7 +290,7 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
      * Paid order totals for a set of product IDs (resource content).
      *
      * @param int[] $product_ids
-     * @return array<int, array{sales_count:int,avg_amount:float,revenue:float}>
+     * @return array<int, array{sales_count:int,avg_amount:int|string,revenue:int|string}>
      */
     public function get_content_sales_map(array $product_ids, string $product_type = ''): array {
         $ids = array_values(array_unique(array_filter(array_map('intval', $product_ids), static function ($id) {
@@ -304,8 +321,8 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
             }
             $map[$pid] = [
                 'sales_count' => (int) ($item['sales_count'] ?? 0),
-                'avg_amount'  => (float) ($item['avg_amount'] ?? 0),
-                'revenue'     => (float) ($item['revenue'] ?? 0),
+                'avg_amount'  => $item['avg_amount'] ?? '0.00',
+                'revenue'     => $item['revenue'] ?? '0.00',
             ];
         }
         return $map;
@@ -384,7 +401,7 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
                 'order_number' => $order_number,
                 'status' => '',
                 'status_label' => '',
-                'amount' => 0.0,
+                'amount' => '0.00',
                 'currency_symbol' => '¥',
                 'created_at' => '',
                 'paid_at' => '',
@@ -403,10 +420,10 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
             ],
             'coupon' => [],
             'pricing' => [
-                'subtotal' => 0.0,
-                'shipping_fee' => 0.0,
-                'discount' => 0.0,
-                'amount' => 0.0,
+                'subtotal' => '0.00',
+                'shipping_fee' => '0.00',
+                'discount' => '0.00',
+                'amount' => '0.00',
             ],
             'items' => [],
             'customer_note' => '',
@@ -430,10 +447,17 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
         $shipping_method = is_array($meta['shipping_method'] ?? null) ? $meta['shipping_method'] : [];
         $coupon = is_array($meta['coupon'] ?? null) ? $meta['coupon'] : [];
         $items = is_array($meta['items'] ?? null) ? $meta['items'] : [];
-        $shipping_fee = (float) ($meta['shipping_fee'] ?? 0);
-        $discount = (float) ($meta['discount'] ?? 0);
-        $amount = (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0);
-        $subtotal = $this->calculate_order_subtotal($items, max(0, $amount + $discount - $shipping_fee));
+        $currency = (string) ($order['currency'] ?? 'CNY');
+        $is_points = $currency === 'points';
+        $shipping_minor = $is_points ? max(0, (int) ($meta['shipping_fee'] ?? 0)) : $this->cash_minor((string) ($meta['shipping_fee'] ?? '0'));
+        $discount_minor = $is_points ? max(0, (int) ($meta['discount'] ?? 0)) : $this->cash_minor((string) ($meta['discount'] ?? '0'));
+        $amount_minor = $is_points ? max(0, (int) ($order['amount'] ?? 0)) : $this->cash_minor((string) ($order['amount'] ?? '0'));
+        $fallback_minor = max(0, $amount_minor + $discount_minor - $shipping_minor);
+        $subtotal_minor = $this->calculate_order_subtotal_minor($items, $fallback_minor, $is_points);
+        $amount = $is_points ? $amount_minor : \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($amount_minor);
+        $shipping_fee = $is_points ? $shipping_minor : \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($shipping_minor);
+        $discount = $is_points ? $discount_minor : \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($discount_minor);
+        $subtotal = $is_points ? $subtotal_minor : \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor($subtotal_minor);
 
         $address['full_text'] = $this->build_address_text($address);
 
@@ -444,7 +468,7 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
                 'status' => $status,
                 'status_label' => class_exists('AKSRT\\Payment\\Order') ? (Order::get_valid_statuses()[$status] ?? $status) : $status,
                 'amount' => $amount,
-                'currency_symbol' => '¥',
+                'currency_symbol' => $is_points ? __('积分', 'aksrt') : '¥',
                 'created_at' => (string) ($order['created_at'] ?? ''),
                 'paid_at' => (string) ($order['paid_at'] ?? ''),
                 'product_type' => (string) ($order['product_type'] ?? ''),
@@ -492,26 +516,49 @@ trait OrderRepositoryAdmin {
     /**
      * @param array<int, array<string, mixed>> $items
      */
-    private function calculate_order_subtotal(array $items, float $fallback): float {
+    private function calculate_order_subtotal_minor(array $items, int $fallback, bool $is_points): int {
         if (empty($items)) {
-            return round($fallback, 2);
+            return max(0, $fallback);
         }
 
-        $subtotal = 0.0;
+        $subtotal = 0;
         foreach ($items as $item) {
             if (isset($item['line_total'])) {
-                $subtotal += (float) $item['line_total'];
+                $line_minor = $is_points
+                    ? max(0, (int) $item['line_total'])
+                    : $this->cash_minor((string) $item['line_total']);
+                if ($subtotal > PHP_INT_MAX - $line_minor) {
+                    return max(0, $fallback);
+                }
+                $subtotal += $line_minor;
                 continue;
             }
 
-            $subtotal += (float) ($item['price'] ?? 0) * max(1, (int) ($item['quantity'] ?? 1));
+            $price_minor = $is_points
+                ? max(0, (int) ($item['price'] ?? 0))
+                : $this->cash_minor((string) ($item['price'] ?? '0'));
+            $quantity = max(1, (int) ($item['quantity'] ?? 1));
+            if ($price_minor > intdiv(PHP_INT_MAX, $quantity)
+                || $subtotal > PHP_INT_MAX - ($price_minor * $quantity)
+            ) {
+                return max(0, $fallback);
+            }
+            $subtotal += $price_minor * $quantity;
         }
 
         if ($subtotal <= 0) {
-            return round($fallback, 2);
+            return max(0, $fallback);
         }
 
-        return round($subtotal, 2);
+        return $subtotal;
+    }
+
+    private function cash_minor(string $value): int {
+        try {
+            return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance_minor($value);
+        } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
 
 
diff --git a/src/Payment/OrderRepositoryCore.php b/src/Payment/OrderRepositoryCore.php
index 6d301e2c..2915ad85 100644
--- a/src/Payment/OrderRepositoryCore.php
+++ b/src/Payment/OrderRepositoryCore.php
@@ -41,13 +41,19 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
             $note = sanitize_textarea_field($note_raw);
         }
 
-        $row = [
+		$currency = sanitize_key((string) ($data['currency'] ?? 'CNY'));
+		$amount = $this->normalize_order_amount($data['amount'] ?? null, $currency);
+		if ($amount === null) {
+			return '';
+		}
+
+		$row = [
             'order_number'           => $order_number,
             'user_id'                => (int) ($data['user_id'] ?? 0),
             'product_type'           => sanitize_key((string) ($data['product_type'] ?? '')),
             'product_id'             => (int) ($data['product_id'] ?? 0),
-            'amount'                 => (float) ($data['amount'] ?? 0),
-            'currency'               => sanitize_key((string) ($data['currency'] ?? 'CNY')),
+			'amount'                 => $amount,
+			'currency'               => $currency,
             'status'                 => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::normalize_order_status((string) ($data['status'] ?? \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_STATUS_PENDING)),
             'payment_method'         => sanitize_key((string) ($data['payment_method'] ?? '')),
             'payment_transaction_id' => sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['payment_transaction_id'] ?? '')),
@@ -55,7 +61,7 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
             'paid_at'                => $data['paid_at'] ?? null,
             'note'                   => $note,
         ];
-        $formats = ['%s', '%d', '%s', '%d', '%f', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s'];
+		$formats = ['%s', '%d', '%s', '%d', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s'];
 
         // Pending orders always receive an expiry. Explicit caller values remain
         // supported for compatibility, while new flows use the shared runtime policy.
@@ -67,6 +73,11 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
             $formats[] = '%s';
         }
 
+		if (!empty($data['request_key'])) {
+			$row['request_key'] = substr(sanitize_text_field((string) $data['request_key']), 0, 191);
+			$formats[] = '%s';
+		}
+
         $wpdb->insert($this->table(), $row, $formats);
 
         if ($wpdb->insert_id) {
@@ -96,6 +107,19 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
         return null;
     }
 
+	public function get_by_request_key(string $request_key): ?array {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$request_key = substr(sanitize_text_field($request_key), 0, 191);
+		if ($request_key === '') {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE request_key = %s",
+			$request_key
+		), ARRAY_A);
+		return is_array($row) ? $this->normalize_row($row) : null;
+	}
+
 
 
     /**
@@ -264,12 +288,92 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
 
 
     public function update_status(string $order_number, string $new_status, array $extra = []): bool {
+		global $wpdb;
+
+		$preflight = $this->get($order_number);
+		if (!$preflight) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (
+			$new_status === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_STATUS_PAID
+			&& sanitize_key((string) ($preflight['product_type'] ?? '')) === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE
+			&& class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\BalanceService')
+		) {
+			return \AKSRT\Credits\BalanceService::get_instance()->complete_recharge_payment(
+				$preflight,
+				sanitize_key((string) ($extra['payment_method'] ?? $preflight['payment_method'] ?? '')),
+				sanitize_text_field((string) ($extra['payment_transaction_id'] ?? $preflight['payment_transaction_id'] ?? '')),
+				(string) ($extra['note'] ?? '')
+			);
+		}
+
+		$ledger_active = class_exists('\AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService')
+			&& \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->transaction_active();
+		$root_call = $this->status_transaction_depth === 0;
+		if ($root_call) {
+			$this->status_after_commit_events = [];
+		}
+		$owns_transaction = $root_call && !$ledger_active;
+		if ($owns_transaction && $wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION') === false) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		$this->status_transaction_depth++;
+		try {
+			$result = $this->update_status_in_transaction($order_number, $new_status, $extra);
+			if (!$result) {
+				if ($owns_transaction) {
+					$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+				}
+				if ($root_call) {
+					$this->status_after_commit_events = [];
+				}
+				return false;
+			}
+			if ($owns_transaction && $wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
+				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+				$this->status_after_commit_events = [];
+				return false;
+			}
+			if ($root_call) {
+				$events = $this->status_after_commit_events;
+				$this->status_after_commit_events = [];
+				if ($owns_transaction) {
+					$this->dispatch_status_events($events);
+				} elseif ($ledger_active) {
+					\AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->after_commit(function () use ($events): void {
+						$this->dispatch_status_events($events);
+					});
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		} catch (\Throwable $e) {
+			if ($owns_transaction) {
+				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			}
+			if ($root_call) {
+				$this->status_after_commit_events = [];
+			}
+			if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
+				error_log('[AKSRT Order] transactional status update failed: ' . $e->getMessage());
+			}
+			return false;
+		} finally {
+			$this->status_transaction_depth--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private function update_status_in_transaction(string $order_number, string $new_status, array $extra = []): bool {
         global $wpdb;
 
         $valid = \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::order_status_labels();
         if (!isset($valid[$new_status])) return false;
 
-        $order = $this->get($order_number);
+        $order_row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE order_number = %s FOR UPDATE",
+			$order_number
+		), ARRAY_A);
+		$order = is_array($order_row) ? $this->normalize_row($order_row) : null;
         if (!$order) return false;
 
         $current_status = $order['status'] ?? 'created';
@@ -370,8 +474,11 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
             return is_array($latest) && ($latest['status'] ?? '') === $new_status;
         }
 
-        if ($result > 0) {
-            do_action('aksrt_order_status_changed', $order_number, $new_status, array_merge($order, $update_data));
+		if ($result > 0) {
+			$this->status_after_commit_events[] = [
+				'hook' => 'aksrt_order_status_changed',
+				'args' => [$order_number, $new_status, array_merge($order, $update_data)],
+			];
             // 到账事件：让充值/VIP/商品履约等挂接（单一履约入口）。
             // 仅在「首次」转为 paid 时触发，避免回调多次到达重复履约。
             if ($new_status === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_STATUS_PAID && $current_status !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_STATUS_PAID) {
@@ -398,19 +505,60 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
                     }
                 }
 
+				if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\CommissionLedger')) {
+					$commission = \AKSRT\Payment\CommissionLedger::get_instance()->record_order_transition(
+						$order_number,
+						$new_status,
+						$paid_order
+					);
+					if (is_wp_error($commission)) {
+						return false;
+					}
+				}
+
+				$product_type = sanitize_key((string) ($paid_order['product_type'] ?? ''));
+				if ($product_type === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE && class_exists('\AKSRT\Content\Pay')) {
+					$fulfilled = \AKSRT\Content\Pay::get_instance()->fulfill_paid_order($order_number, $paid_order);
+					if (is_wp_error($fulfilled)) {
+						return false;
+					}
+				}
+				if ($product_type === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP && class_exists('\AKSRT\Content\VipService')) {
+					$fulfilled = \AKSRT\Content\VipService::get_instance()->fulfill_paid_order($order_number, $paid_order);
+					if (is_wp_error($fulfilled)) {
+						return false;
+					}
+				}
+
                 /**
                  * 订单到账。
                  *
                  * @param string $order_number 订单号
                  * @param array  $paid_order   订单数据（status=paid）
                  */
-                do_action('aksrt_order_paid', $order_number, $paid_order);
+				$this->status_after_commit_events[] = [
+					'hook' => 'aksrt_order_paid',
+					'args' => [$order_number, $paid_order],
+				];
             }
         }
 
         return $result !== false;
     }
 
+	/** @param array<int,array{hook:string,args:array<int,mixed>}> $events */
+	private function dispatch_status_events(array $events): void {
+		foreach ($events as $event) {
+			try {
+				do_action((string) $event['hook'], ...$event['args']);
+			} catch (\Throwable $e) {
+				if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
+					error_log('[AKSRT Order Event] ' . $e->getMessage());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 
 
     /**
@@ -494,7 +642,7 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
             'refunding'      => (int) ($row['refunding'] ?? 0),
             'cancelled'      => (int) ($row['cancelled'] ?? 0),
             'refunded'  => (int) ($row['refunded'] ?? 0),
-            'revenue'   => (float) ($row['revenue'] ?? 0),
+			'revenue'   => $this->cash_decimal((string) ($row['revenue'] ?? '0')),
         ];
     }
 
@@ -516,57 +664,6 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
 
 
 
-    /* ------------------------------------------------------------------
-     * Migration bridge: option → table
-     * ----------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-    /**
-     * 一次性迁移：把 option 中的订单搬到表中。
-     * 幂等 — 已存在的 order_number 不会重复插入。
-     */
-    public function migrate_from_option(): int {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        $orders = get_option('aksrt_orders', []);
-        if (!is_array($orders) || empty($orders)) return 0;
-
-        $migrated = 0;
-        foreach ($orders as $order_number => $data) {
-            $existing = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-                "SELECT id FROM {$this->table()} WHERE order_number = %s",
-                $order_number
-            ));
-            if ($existing) continue;
-
-            $wpdb->insert($this->table(), [
-                'order_number'   => $order_number,
-                'user_id'        => (int) ($data['user_id'] ?? 0),
-                'product_type'   => sanitize_key((string) ($data['product_type'] ?? '')),
-                'product_id'     => (int) ($data['product_id'] ?? 0),
-                'amount'         => (float) ($data['amount'] ?? 0),
-                'currency'       => sanitize_key((string) ($data['currency'] ?? 'CNY')),
-                'status'         => \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::normalize_order_status((string) ($data['status'] ?? \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_STATUS_PENDING)),
-                'payment_method' => sanitize_key((string) ($data['payment_method'] ?? '')),
-                'created_at'     => $data['created_at'] ?? current_time('mysql'),
-                'paid_at'        => $data['paid_at'] ?? null,
-                'delivered_at'   => $data['delivered_at'] ?? null,
-                'completed_at'   => $data['completed_at'] ?? null,
-                'cancelled_at'   => $data['cancelled_at'] ?? null,
-                'refunded_at'    => $data['refunded_at'] ?? null,
-                'expires_at'     => $data['expires_at'] ?? null,
-                'note'           => '',
-            ], ['%s', '%d', '%s', '%d', '%f', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s']);
-
-            if ($wpdb->insert_id) $migrated++;
-        }
-
-        update_option(\AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_MIGRATED_OPTION, time());
-
-        return $migrated;
-    }
-
-
-
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Internal helpers
      * ----------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -620,7 +717,10 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
         $row['id'] = (int) $row['id'];
         $row['user_id'] = (int) $row['user_id'];
         $row['product_id'] = (int) $row['product_id'];
-        $row['amount'] = (float) $row['amount'];
+		$row['amount'] = $this->normalize_order_amount((string) ($row['amount'] ?? ''), (string) ($row['currency'] ?? ''), true);
+		if ($row['amount'] === null) {
+			$row['amount'] = (string) ($row['currency'] ?? '') === 'points' ? 0 : '0.00';
+		}
         $row['status'] = \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::normalize_order_status((string) ($row['status'] ?? ''));
 
         $row['meta_payload'] = [];
@@ -639,6 +739,39 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
         return $row;
     }
 
+	private function normalize_order_amount(mixed $value, string $currency, bool $from_database = false): string|int|null {
+		if ($currency === 'points') {
+			$raw = is_int($value) ? (string) $value : (is_string($value) ? trim($value) : '');
+			if ($from_database && preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)\.0+$/', $raw, $matches)) {
+				$raw = $matches[1];
+			}
+			if (!preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)$/', $raw)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			$max = (string) PHP_INT_MAX;
+			if (strlen($raw) > strlen($max) || (strlen($raw) === strlen($max) && strcmp($raw, $max) > 0)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			return (int) $raw;
+		}
+		if (!is_string($value)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		try {
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value))->decimal();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private function cash_decimal(string $value): string {
+		try {
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return '0.00';
+		}
+	}
+
 
 
     private function find_latest_success_order(int $user_id, string $product_type, int $product_id = 0, bool $ignore_product_id = false): ?array {
@@ -676,7 +809,11 @@ trait OrderRepositoryCore {
      * Column + major gateways (WeChat out_trade_no) cap at 32 chars, so the
      * prefix is trimmed to leave room for {YmdHis}{4 digits} (=18).
      */
-    private function generate_order_number(): string {
+    public function allocate_order_number(): string {
+		return $this->generate_order_number();
+	}
+
+	private function generate_order_number(): string {
         $prefix = 'AKSRT';
         if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') && method_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings', 'get_order_settings')) {
             $settings = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_order_settings();
diff --git a/src/Payment/PaymentOrchestrator.php b/src/Payment/PaymentOrchestrator.php
index a67bef06..02bbba9d 100644
--- a/src/Payment/PaymentOrchestrator.php
+++ b/src/Payment/PaymentOrchestrator.php
@@ -95,10 +95,17 @@ class PaymentOrchestrator {
 				}
 			}
 
+			$order['_ledger_paid_note'] = (string) ($opts['paid_note'] ?? __('用户完成支付。', 'aksrt'));
 			$result = $gateway->create_payment($order);
 			if (empty($result['success'])) {
 				$message = (string) ($result['message'] ?? __('支付失败。', 'aksrt'));
-				return self::fail(self::failure_code($method, $message), $message);
+				$code = sanitize_key((string) ($result['code'] ?? ''));
+				$status = (int) ($result['status'] ?? 0);
+				return self::fail(
+					$code !== '' ? $code : self::failure_code($method, $message),
+					$message,
+					$status >= 400 && $status <= 599 ? $status : 400
+				);
 			}
 
 			$payment_url = (string) ($result['payment_url'] ?? '');
@@ -116,8 +123,18 @@ class PaymentOrchestrator {
 				];
 			}
 
-			// Synchronous gateway (balance): funds already moved inside create_payment().
+			// Synchronous asset gateways commit the debit and paid transition together.
 			$transaction_id = sanitize_text_field((string) ($result['transaction_id'] ?? ''));
+			if (!empty($result['order_committed'])) {
+				return [
+					'success'        => true,
+					'redirect'       => false,
+					'transaction_id' => $transaction_id,
+					'ledger_transaction_id' => (int) ($result['ledger_transaction_id'] ?? 0),
+					'replayed'       => !empty($result['replayed']),
+					'message'        => (string) ($result['message'] ?? __('支付成功。', 'aksrt')),
+				];
+			}
 			$paid = $repo->update_status($order_number, Order::STATUS_PAID, [
 				'payment_method'         => $method,
 				'payment_transaction_id' => $transaction_id,
@@ -128,13 +145,7 @@ class PaymentOrchestrator {
 				'require_transition'     => true,
 			]);
 			if (!$paid) {
-				$rolled_back = self::rollback($gateway, $order_number, (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0), $method);
-				return self::fail(
-					'aksrt_order_confirm_failed',
-					$rolled_back
-						? __('订单状态已变化，扣款已退回。', 'aksrt')
-						: __('订单状态已变化，扣款补偿失败，请联系管理员处理。', 'aksrt')
-				);
+				return self::fail('aksrt_order_confirm_failed', __('订单状态确认失败。', 'aksrt'));
 			}
 
 			return [
@@ -167,31 +178,6 @@ class PaymentOrchestrator {
 		return ['gateway' => $gateway];
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Compensate a synchronous deduction that could not be committed.
-	 */
-	private static function rollback(GatewayInterface $gateway, string $order_number, float $amount, string $method): bool {
-		if ($amount <= 0) {
-			return true;
-		}
-		$request_id = 'PAY_ROLLBACK_' . substr(hash('sha256', $order_number), 0, 24);
-		try {
-			$compensation = $gateway->refund($order_number, $amount, $request_id);
-		} catch (\Throwable $e) {
-			$compensation = ['success' => false, 'message' => $e->getMessage()];
-		}
-		if (!empty($compensation['success'])) {
-			return true;
-		}
-		error_log(sprintf(
-			'[AKSRT Payment] rollback failed order=%s gateway=%s: %s',
-			$order_number,
-			$method,
-			(string) ($compensation['message'] ?? 'unknown error')
-		));
-		return false;
-	}
-
 	private static function failure_code(string $method, string $message): string {
 		if ($method === 'balance' && (str_contains($message, '余额') || str_contains($message, '不足'))) {
 			return 'aksrt_balance_insufficient';
@@ -202,7 +188,7 @@ class PaymentOrchestrator {
 	/**
 	 * @return array{success:false,code:string,message:string}
 	 */
-	private static function fail(string $code, string $message): array {
-		return ['success' => false, 'code' => $code, 'message' => $message];
+	private static function fail(string $code, string $message, int $status = 400): array {
+		return ['success' => false, 'code' => $code, 'status' => $status, 'message' => $message];
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/Payment/Rebate.php b/src/Payment/Rebate.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f5786dd..00000000
--- a/src/Payment/Rebate.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,235 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-/**
- * @package AKSRT
- */
-
-namespace AKSRT\Payment;
-
-defined('ABSPATH') || exit;
-
-class Rebate {
-
-    private static $instance = null;
-
-    const TYPE_ORDER  = 'order';
-
-    const STATUS_PENDING  = 'pending';
-    const STATUS_SETTLED  = 'settled';
-    const STATUS_CANCELLED = 'cancelled';
-
-    private function refresh_user_metric(int $user_id): void {
-        if ($user_id <= 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-        global $wpdb;
-        $total = (float) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-            "SELECT COALESCE(SUM(amount), 0) FROM {$this->table()} WHERE user_id = %d AND status IN ('pending', 'settled')",
-            $user_id
-        ));
-        update_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_pay_rebate_sum', round($total, 2));
-    }
-
-    public static function get_instance(): self {
-        if (null === self::$instance) {
-            self::$instance = new self();
-        }
-        return self::$instance;
-    }
-
-    private function table(): string {
-        return \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('rebate_log');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 创建返佣记录
-     */
-    public function create(array $data): int {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        $user_id        = (int) ($data['user_id'] ?? 0);
-        $order_number   = sanitize_text_field((string) ($data['order_number'] ?? ''));
-        $source_user_id = (int) ($data['source_user_id'] ?? 0);
-        $amount         = (float) ($data['amount'] ?? 0);
-        $type           = sanitize_key((string) ($data['type'] ?? self::TYPE_ORDER));
-        $note           = sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($data['note'] ?? ''));
-
-        if ($user_id <= 0 || $amount <= 0) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        $valid_types = [self::TYPE_ORDER];
-        if (!in_array($type, $valid_types, true)) {
-            $type = self::TYPE_ORDER;
-        }
-
-        $result = $wpdb->insert($this->table(), [
-            'user_id'        => $user_id,
-            'order_number'   => $order_number,
-            'source_user_id' => $source_user_id > 0 ? $source_user_id : null,
-            'amount'         => $amount,
-            'type'           => $type,
-            'status'         => self::STATUS_PENDING,
-            'created_at'     => current_time('mysql'),
-            'note'           => $note,
-        ]);
-
-        $id = $result ? (int) $wpdb->insert_id : 0;
-        if ($id > 0) {
-            do_action('aksrt_pay_rebate_added', $user_id, $amount, [
-                'rebate_id'     => $id,
-                'order_number'  => $order_number,
-                'type'          => $type,
-            ]);
-        }
-        return $id;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 结算返佣
-     */
-    public function settle(int $id): bool {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        $wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION');
-        try {
-            $row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
-                "SELECT id, user_id, amount, order_number FROM {$this->table()} WHERE id = %d AND status = %s FOR UPDATE",
-                $id,
-                self::STATUS_PENDING
-            ), ARRAY_A);
-            if (!is_array($row)) {
-                $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            $credited = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::add(
-                (int) $row['user_id'],
-                (float) $row['amount'],
-                'rebate',
-                ['type' => 'rebate', 'id' => (int) $row['id']],
-                sprintf(__('推广返佣结算（订单 %s）', 'aksrt'), (string) $row['order_number'])
-            );
-            if (is_wp_error($credited)) {
-                $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            $settled = $wpdb->update(
-                $this->table(),
-                [
-                    'status'     => self::STATUS_SETTLED,
-                    'settled_at' => current_time('mysql'),
-                ],
-                ['id' => $id, 'status' => self::STATUS_PENDING],
-                ['%s', '%s'],
-                ['%d', '%s']
-            );
-            if ($settled !== 1) {
-                $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            $wpdb->query('COMMIT');
-            $this->refresh_user_metric((int) $row['user_id']);
-            return true;
-        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * 取消返佣
-     */
-    public function cancel(int $id): bool {
-        global $wpdb;
-        $updated = $wpdb->update($this->table(), [
-            'status' => self::STATUS_CANCELLED,
-        ], ['id' => $id, 'status' => self::STATUS_PENDING]);
-        if ($updated === 1) {
-            $row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT user_id FROM {$this->table()} WHERE id = %d", $id), ARRAY_A);
-            $this->refresh_user_metric((int) ($row['user_id'] ?? 0));
-        }
-        return $updated === 1;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 获取返佣列表
-     */
-    public function get_list(array $args = []): array {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        $limit  = max(1, min(100, (int) ($args['limit'] ?? 20)));
-        $offset = max(0, (int) ($args['offset'] ?? 0));
-        $status = sanitize_key((string) ($args['status'] ?? ''));
-        $user_id = (int) ($args['user_id'] ?? 0);
-
-        $where = [];
-        $params = [];
-
-        if ($status !== '') {
-            $where[] = 'status = %s';
-            $params[] = $status;
-        }
-        if ($user_id > 0) {
-            $where[] = 'user_id = %d';
-            $params[] = $user_id;
-        }
-
-        $where_sql = $where ? 'WHERE ' . implode(' AND ', $where) : '';
-
-        $count_sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$this->table()} {$where_sql}";
-        $total = $params ? (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare($count_sql, $params)) : (int) $wpdb->get_var($count_sql);
-
-        $sql = "SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} {$where_sql} ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d";
-        $params[] = $limit;
-        $params[] = $offset;
-
-        $items = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare($sql, $params), ARRAY_A);
-
-        return [
-            'items'     => $items ?: [],
-            'total'     => $total,
-            'page'      => floor($offset / $limit) + 1,
-            'max_pages' => ceil($total / $limit),
-        ];
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 获取统计
-     */
-    public function get_stats(int $user_id = 0): array {
-        global $wpdb;
-        $table = $this->table();
-        $where = '';
-        $params = [];
-        if ($user_id > 0) {
-            $where = 'WHERE user_id = %d';
-            $params[] = $user_id;
-        }
-
-        $sql = "SELECT
-                COUNT(*) as total,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN status = 'pending' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as pending,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN status = 'pending' THEN amount ELSE 0 END) as pending_amount,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN status = 'settled' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as settled,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN status IN ('pending', 'settled') THEN amount ELSE 0 END) as total_amount,
-                SUM(CASE WHEN status = 'settled' THEN amount ELSE 0 END) as settled_amount
-            FROM {$table} {$where}";
-        $row = $params
-            ? $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare($sql, $params), ARRAY_A)
-            : $wpdb->get_row($sql, ARRAY_A);
-
-        return [
-            'total'          => (int) ($row['total'] ?? 0),
-            'pending'        => (int) ($row['pending'] ?? 0),
-            'pending_amount' => (float) ($row['pending_amount'] ?? 0),
-            'settled'        => (int) ($row['settled'] ?? 0),
-            'total_amount'   => (float) ($row['total_amount'] ?? 0),
-            'settled_amount' => (float) ($row['settled_amount'] ?? 0),
-        ];
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/Payment/ReferralAttribution.php b/src/Payment/ReferralAttribution.php
index 4f5dec39..1027356b 100644
--- a/src/Payment/ReferralAttribution.php
+++ b/src/Payment/ReferralAttribution.php
@@ -175,81 +175,71 @@ final class ReferralAttribution {
 			);
 			return;
 		}
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-			return;
-		}
 		if (!empty($settings['require_verify']) && !$this->is_verified($invitee_id)) {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		$wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION');
-		try {
-			$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
-				"SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE invitee_id = %d AND status = 'bound' FOR UPDATE",
-				$invitee_id
-			), ARRAY_A);
-			if (!is_array($row) || (string) ($row['reward_status'] ?? 'pending') !== 'pending') {
-				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-				return;
+		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT * FROM {$table} WHERE invitee_id = %d AND status = 'bound'",
+			$invitee_id
+		), ARRAY_A);
+		if (!is_array($row) || (string) ($row['reward_status'] ?? 'pending') !== 'pending') {
+			return;
+		}
+		$relation_id = (int) $row['id'];
+		$promoter_id = (int) $row['promoter_id'];
+		if ($promoter_id <= 0) {
+			$wpdb->update($table, ['reward_status' => 'skipped'], ['id' => $relation_id, 'reward_status' => 'pending'], ['%s'], ['%d', '%s']);
+			return;
+		}
+		$promoter_amount = max(0, (int) ($settings['promoter_amount'] ?? 0));
+		$referred_amount = max(0, (int) ($settings['referred_amount'] ?? 0));
+		$entries = [];
+		if ($promoter_amount > 0) {
+			$entries[] = ['user_id' => $promoter_id, 'asset' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS->value, 'delta_minor' => $promoter_amount, 'entry_type' => 'credit', 'counterparty_user_id' => $invitee_id, 'remark' => __('推广注册奖励', 'aksrt')];
+		}
+		if ($referred_amount > 0) {
+			$entries[] = ['user_id' => $invitee_id, 'asset' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS->value, 'delta_minor' => $referred_amount, 'entry_type' => 'credit', 'counterparty_user_id' => $promoter_id, 'remark' => __('推广注册新用户奖励', 'aksrt')];
+		}
+		if ($entries === []) {
+			$wpdb->update($table, ['reward_status' => 'rewarded', 'rewarded_at' => current_time('mysql', true)], ['id' => $relation_id, 'reward_status' => 'pending'], ['%s', '%s'], ['%d', '%s']);
+			return;
+		}
+		$level_points = max(0, (int) ($settings['level_points'] ?? 0));
+		$command = new \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerCommand(
+			\AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('referral-reward', [$relation_id]),
+			'referral',
+			$entries,
+			'referral',
+			(string) $relation_id,
+			0,
+			['invitee_id' => $invitee_id, 'promoter_id' => $promoter_id]
+		);
+		$guard = function () use ($wpdb, $table, $relation_id, $settings, $row) {
+			$locked = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT reward_status FROM {$table} WHERE id = %d FOR UPDATE", $relation_id), ARRAY_A);
+			if (!is_array($locked) || (string) $locked['reward_status'] !== 'pending') {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_referral_state', __('推广奖励状态已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
 			}
-
-			$relation_id = (int) $row['id'];
-			$promoter_id = (int) $row['promoter_id'];
-			if ($promoter_id <= 0 || !$this->ip_daily_check($row, $settings)) {
-				$wpdb->update($table, ['reward_status' => 'skipped'], ['id' => $relation_id], ['%s'], ['%d']);
-				$wpdb->query('COMMIT');
-				return;
-			}
-
-			$claimed = $wpdb->update(
-				$table,
-				['reward_status' => 'rewarding'],
-				['id' => $relation_id, 'reward_status' => 'pending'],
-				['%s'],
-				['%d', '%s']
-			);
-			if ($claimed !== 1) {
-				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-				return;
-			}
-
-			$ref = ['type' => 'referral', 'id' => $relation_id];
-			$promoter_amount = max(0, (int) ($settings['promoter_amount'] ?? 0));
-			$referred_amount = max(0, (int) ($settings['referred_amount'] ?? 0));
-			if ($promoter_amount > 0) {
-				$result = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::add($promoter_id, $promoter_amount, 'referral', $ref, __('推广注册奖励', 'aksrt'), false);
-				if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-					throw new \RuntimeException($result->get_error_message());
-				}
-			}
-			if ($referred_amount > 0) {
-				$result = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::add($invitee_id, $referred_amount, 'referral_new_user', $ref, __('推广注册新用户奖励', 'aksrt'), false);
-				if (is_wp_error($result)) {
-					throw new \RuntimeException($result->get_error_message());
-				}
-			}
-
-			$level_points = max(0, (int) ($settings['level_points'] ?? 0));
+			return $this->ip_daily_check($row, $settings)
+				? true
+				: new \WP_Error('aksrt_referral_daily_limit', __('当前网络今日推广奖励次数已达上限', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		};
+		$mutation = function () use ($wpdb, $table, $relation_id, $level_points, $promoter_id) {
 			if ($level_points > 0 && class_exists('\AKSRT\User\Level')) {
 				\AKSRT\User\Level::add($promoter_id, 'referral', $level_points, true);
 			}
-
-			$rewarded_at = current_time('mysql', true);
 			$updated = $wpdb->update(
 				$table,
-				['reward_status' => 'rewarded', 'rewarded_at' => $rewarded_at],
-				['id' => $relation_id, 'reward_status' => 'rewarding'],
+				['reward_status' => 'rewarded', 'rewarded_at' => current_time('mysql', true)],
+				['id' => $relation_id, 'reward_status' => 'pending'],
 				['%s', '%s'],
 				['%d', '%s']
 			);
-			if ($updated !== 1) {
-				throw new \RuntimeException('Unable to finalize referral reward.');
-			}
-
-			$wpdb->query('COMMIT');
+			return $updated === 1 ? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_referral_update', __('推广奖励状态更新失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		};
+		$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->post($command, $guard, $mutation);
+		if (!is_wp_error($result) && !$result->replayed) {
 			do_action('aksrt_referral_rewarded', $relation_id, $promoter_id, $invitee_id);
-		} catch (\Throwable $e) {
-			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -408,7 +398,7 @@ final class ReferralAttribution {
 				'points_reward' => !empty($reward['enabled']),
 				'affiliate' => !empty($affiliate['enabled']),
 			],
-			'current_ratio' => (float) \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::affiliate_ratio_for_user($user_id),
+			'current_ratio' => (int) \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::affiliate_ratio_for_user($user_id),
 			'ratios' => (array) ($affiliate['ratios'] ?? []),
 			'order_types' => (array) ($affiliate['order_types'] ?? ['membership', 'content']),
 			'rules' => [
@@ -655,12 +645,12 @@ final class ReferralAttribution {
 		$today_utc = (new \DateTimeImmutable('today', wp_timezone()))
 			->setTimezone(new \DateTimeZone('UTC'))
 			->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
-		$count = (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-			"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$table} WHERE registration_ip = %s AND reward_status = 'rewarded' AND rewarded_at >= %s FOR UPDATE",
+		$ids = $wpdb->get_col($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT id FROM {$table} WHERE registration_ip = %s AND reward_status = 'rewarded' AND rewarded_at >= %s ORDER BY id ASC FOR UPDATE",
 			$ip,
 			$today_utc
 		));
-		return $count < $cap;
+		return count($ids) < $cap;
 	}
 
 	private function client_ip(): string {
diff --git a/src/Payment/Revenue.php b/src/Payment/Revenue.php
index dbfd3424..38f89578 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Revenue.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Revenue.php
@@ -43,14 +43,6 @@ class Revenue {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        $existing = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-            "SELECT id FROM {$this->table()} WHERE order_number = %s ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 1",
-            $order_number
-        ));
-        if ((int) $existing > 0) {
-            return (int) $existing;
-        }
-
         $meta = $this->decode_order_meta($order);
         if (empty($meta['content_pay'])) {
             return 0;
@@ -71,11 +63,8 @@ class Revenue {
         $currency = sanitize_key((string) ($order['currency'] ?? 'CNY'));
         $is_points = $currency === 'points' || ($meta['pay_modo'] ?? '') === 'points';
         $currency = $is_points ? 'points' : 'CNY';
-        $original_amount = round((float) ($order['amount'] ?? $meta['amount'] ?? $meta['payable'] ?? 0), 2);
-        if ($is_points) {
-            $original_amount = (float) ceil($original_amount);
-        }
-        if ($original_amount <= 0) {
+		$original_minor = $this->order_amount_minor($order['amount'] ?? $meta['amount'] ?? $meta['payable'] ?? null, $is_points);
+        if ($original_minor === null || $original_minor <= 0) {
             return 0;
         }
 
@@ -86,12 +75,32 @@ class Revenue {
         if ($ratio <= 0) {
             return 0;
         }
-        $amount = $is_points
-            ? (float) max(1, (int) floor($original_amount * $ratio / 100))
-            : round($original_amount * $ratio / 100, 2);
-        if ($amount <= 0) {
+		$amount_minor = $this->percentage_minor($original_minor, $ratio, !$is_points);
+		if ($is_points) {
+			$amount_minor = max(1, $amount_minor);
+		}
+        if ($amount_minor <= 0) {
             return 0;
         }
+		$original_amount = $this->stored_amount($original_minor, $is_points);
+		$amount = $this->stored_amount($amount_minor, $is_points);
+		$expected = [
+			'author_id' => $author_id,
+			'order_number' => $order_number,
+			'post_id' => $post_id,
+			'buyer_id' => $buyer_id,
+			'currency' => $currency,
+			'original_minor' => $original_minor,
+			'ratio' => $ratio,
+			'amount_minor' => $amount_minor,
+		];
+		$existing = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE order_number = %s ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 1",
+			$order_number
+		), ARRAY_A);
+		if (is_array($existing)) {
+			return $this->revenue_matches($existing, $expected) ? (int) $existing['id'] : -1;
+		}
 
         $inserted = $wpdb->insert($this->table(), [
             'author_id'       => $author_id,
@@ -106,26 +115,19 @@ class Revenue {
             'type'            => 'order',
             'status'          => 'pending',
             'created_at'      => current_time('mysql'),
-        ], ['%d', '%s', '%d', '%d', '%s', '%f', '%f', '%d', '%f', '%s', '%s', '%s']);
+        ], ['%d', '%s', '%d', '%d', '%s', $is_points ? '%d' : '%s', '%d', '%d', $is_points ? '%d' : '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s']);
 
         if ($inserted === false) {
-            // Duplicate callbacks are a successful no-op by contract.
-            $existing = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-                "SELECT id FROM {$this->table()} WHERE order_number = %s ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 1",
+            $existing = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+                "SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE order_number = %s ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 1",
                 $order_number
-            ));
-            return (int) $existing;
+            ), ARRAY_A);
+			return is_array($existing) && $this->revenue_matches($existing, $expected)
+				? (int) $existing['id']
+				: -1;
         }
 
-        $id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;
-        if ($id > 0) {
-            do_action('aksrt_creator_income_added', $author_id, $amount, [
-                'order_number' => $order_number,
-                'currency'     => $currency,
-                'revenue_id'   => $id,
-            ]);
-        }
-        return $id;
+        return (int) $wpdb->insert_id;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -134,11 +136,22 @@ class Revenue {
      * @param int|array<int,int> $record_ids
      * @param int                $actor_id
      */
-    public function settle($record_ids, int $actor_id = 0): bool {
-        $result = $this->settle_batch($record_ids, $actor_id);
+    public function settle($record_ids, int $actor_id = 0, string $operation_key = ''): bool {
+		if (!is_array($record_ids)) {
+			return $this->settle_result((int) $record_ids, $actor_id, $operation_key) instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult;
+		}
+        $result = $this->settle_batch($record_ids, $actor_id, $operation_key);
         return !empty($result['settled']) && empty($result['failed']);
     }
 
+	/** @return \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult|\WP_Error */
+	public function settle_result(int $revenue_id, int $actor_id = 0, string $operation_key = '') {
+		if ($revenue_id <= 0 || !$this->is_enabled()) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_revenue_invalid', __('收益记录无效或结算功能未启用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		return $this->settle_one($revenue_id, $actor_id, $operation_key);
+	}
+
     /**
      * Settle a batch while preserving per-record outcomes for operational feedback.
      *
@@ -146,7 +159,7 @@ class Revenue {
      * @param int                $actor_id
      * @return array{settled:array<int,int>,failed:array<int,int>}
      */
-    public function settle_batch($record_ids, int $actor_id = 0): array {
+    public function settle_batch($record_ids, int $actor_id = 0, string $operation_key = ''): array {
         $ids = is_array($record_ids) ? $record_ids : [$record_ids];
         $ids = array_values(array_unique(array_filter(array_map('intval', $ids), static fn (int $id): bool => $id > 0)));
         if (!$ids || !$this->is_enabled()) {
@@ -155,8 +168,11 @@ class Revenue {
 
         $settled = [];
         $failed = [];
-        foreach ($ids as $revenue_id) {
-            if ($this->settle_one($revenue_id, $actor_id)) {
+		foreach ($ids as $revenue_id) {
+			$item_key = $operation_key !== '' && count($ids) === 1
+				? $operation_key
+				: ($operation_key !== '' ? \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('revenue-settle-item', [$operation_key, $revenue_id]) : '');
+			if ($this->settle_one($revenue_id, $actor_id, $item_key) instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult) {
                 $settled[] = $revenue_id;
             } else {
                 $failed[] = $revenue_id;
@@ -200,70 +216,69 @@ class Revenue {
         return $settled;
     }
 
-    private function settle_one(int $revenue_id, int $actor_id): bool {
+	/** @return \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult|\WP_Error */
+    private function settle_one(int $revenue_id, int $actor_id, string $operation_key = '') {
         global $wpdb;
-        $wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION');
-        try {
-            $revenue = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
-                "SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE id = %d AND status = %s FOR UPDATE",
-                $revenue_id,
-                'pending'
-            ), ARRAY_A);
-            if (!is_array($revenue)) {
-                $wpdb->query('COMMIT');
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            $ref = ['type' => 'revenue', 'id' => $revenue_id, 'currency' => (string) ($revenue['currency'] ?? 'CNY')];
-            $remark = sprintf(__('创作收益结算（订单 %s）', 'aksrt'), (string) ($revenue['order_number'] ?? ''));
-            if (!$this->has_balance_entry((int) $revenue['author_id'], $ref)) {
-                $credited = (string) ($revenue['currency'] ?? '') === 'points'
-                    ? (class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Credits\\Credits') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::add((int) $revenue['author_id'], (int) ceil((float) $revenue['amount']), 'creator_income', $ref, $remark) : new \WP_Error('credits_unavailable'))
-                    : (class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::add((int) $revenue['author_id'], (float) $revenue['amount'], 'creator_income', $ref, $remark) : new \WP_Error('balance_unavailable'));
-                if (is_wp_error($credited)) {
-                    $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            $updated = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
-                "UPDATE {$this->table()} SET status = %s, settled_at = %s, audit_json = %s WHERE id = %d AND status = %s",
-                'settled',
-                current_time('mysql'),
-                $this->audit_json('settled', '', $actor_id),
-                $revenue_id,
-                'pending'
-            ));
-            if ($updated !== 1) {
-                throw new \RuntimeException('revenue_settle_failed');
-            }
-            $wpdb->query('COMMIT');
-            return true;
-        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
-            $wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private function has_balance_entry(int $user_id, array $ref): bool {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        if ($user_id <= 0 || (int) ($ref['id'] ?? 0) <= 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        $table = (string) ($ref['currency'] ?? '') === 'points'
-            ? \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('credit_log')
-            : \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('balance_log');
-        if ($table === '') {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return (bool) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
-            "SELECT id FROM {$table} WHERE user_id = %d AND ref_type = %s AND ref_id = %d AND reason = %s LIMIT 1",
-            $user_id,
-            'revenue',
-            (int) $ref['id'],
-            'creator_income'
-        ));
-    }
+		$revenue = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE id = %d", $revenue_id), ARRAY_A);
+		if (!is_array($revenue)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_revenue_missing', __('收益记录不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 404]);
+		}
+		$asset = (string) ($revenue['currency'] ?? '') === 'points'
+			? \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS
+			: \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE;
+		try {
+			$amount_minor = $this->database_amount_minor((string) $revenue['amount'], $asset === \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS);
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_revenue_amount', __('收益金额无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		if ($amount_minor === null || $amount_minor <= 0 || (int) ($revenue['author_id'] ?? 0) <= 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_revenue_amount', __('收益金额或收款用户无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		$expected = [
+			'author_id' => (int) $revenue['author_id'],
+			'currency' => (string) $revenue['currency'],
+			'amount' => (string) $revenue['amount'],
+		];
+		$guard = function () use ($revenue_id, $expected) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE id = %d FOR UPDATE", $revenue_id), ARRAY_A);
+			if (!is_array($current)
+				|| (string) ($current['status'] ?? '') !== 'pending'
+				|| (int) ($current['author_id'] ?? 0) !== $expected['author_id']
+				|| (string) ($current['currency'] ?? '') !== $expected['currency']
+				|| (string) ($current['amount'] ?? '') !== $expected['amount']
+			) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_revenue_state', __('收益记录状态已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			return true;
+		};
+		$mutation = function () use ($revenue_id, $actor_id) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$updated = $wpdb->query($wpdb->prepare(
+				"UPDATE {$this->table()} SET status = %s, settled_at = %s, audit_json = %s WHERE id = %d AND status = %s",
+				'settled',
+				current_time('mysql'),
+				$this->audit_json('settled', '', $actor_id),
+				$revenue_id,
+				'pending'
+			));
+			return $updated === 1 ? true : new \WP_Error('aksrt_revenue_state', __('收益记录状态已变化', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		};
+		$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->credit(
+			$expected['author_id'],
+			$asset,
+			$amount_minor,
+			$operation_key !== '' ? $operation_key : \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('revenue-settle', [$revenue_id]),
+			'creator_income',
+			['type' => 'revenue', 'id' => $revenue_id],
+			sprintf(__('创作收益结算（订单 %s）', 'aksrt'), (string) ($revenue['order_number'] ?? '')),
+			$actor_id,
+			['currency' => $expected['currency']],
+			$mutation,
+			$guard
+		);
+		return $result;
+	}
 
     private function is_enabled(): bool {
         return class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Settings\\Settings')
@@ -302,10 +317,11 @@ class Revenue {
         $offset = max(0, (int) ($args['offset'] ?? 0));
         $params[] = $limit;
         $params[] = $offset;
-        return (array) $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare(
+        $rows = (array) $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare(
             "SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE " . implode(' AND ', $where) . " ORDER BY created_at DESC, id DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d",
             $params
         ), ARRAY_A);
+		return array_map([$this, 'normalize_revenue_row'], $rows);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -316,10 +332,10 @@ class Revenue {
     public function get_user_income_view(int $user_id, array $args = []): array {
         global $wpdb;
         $empty_stats = [
-            'today' => ['CNY' => 0.0, 'points' => 0.0],
-            'total' => ['CNY' => 0.0, 'points' => 0.0],
-            'pending' => ['CNY' => 0.0, 'points' => 0.0],
-            'settled' => ['CNY' => 0.0, 'points' => 0.0],
+            'today' => ['CNY' => '0.00', 'points' => 0],
+            'total' => ['CNY' => '0.00', 'points' => 0],
+            'pending' => ['CNY' => '0.00', 'points' => 0],
+            'settled' => ['CNY' => '0.00', 'points' => 0],
         ];
         if ($user_id <= 0) {
             return ['stats' => $empty_stats, 'items' => [], 'total' => 0, 'max_pages' => 1, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 20];
@@ -350,10 +366,11 @@ class Revenue {
             if (!isset($empty_stats['total'][$key])) {
                 continue;
             }
-            $empty_stats['today'][$key] = (float) ($row['today_amount'] ?? 0);
-            $empty_stats['total'][$key] = (float) ($row['total_amount'] ?? 0);
-            $empty_stats['pending'][$key] = (float) ($row['pending_amount'] ?? 0);
-            $empty_stats['settled'][$key] = (float) ($row['settled_amount'] ?? 0);
+			$is_points = $key === 'points';
+            $empty_stats['today'][$key] = $this->display_amount((string) ($row['today_amount'] ?? '0'), $is_points);
+            $empty_stats['total'][$key] = $this->display_amount((string) ($row['total_amount'] ?? '0'), $is_points);
+            $empty_stats['pending'][$key] = $this->display_amount((string) ($row['pending_amount'] ?? '0'), $is_points);
+            $empty_stats['settled'][$key] = $this->display_amount((string) ($row['settled_amount'] ?? '0'), $is_points);
         }
 
         $status = sanitize_key((string) ($args['status'] ?? ''));
@@ -430,20 +447,20 @@ class Revenue {
         $count_sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$this->table()} {$where_sql}";
         $total = (int) ($params ? $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare($count_sql, $params)) : $wpdb->get_var($count_sql));
         $items_params = array_merge($params, [$limit, $offset]);
-        $items = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} {$where_sql} ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d", $items_params), ARRAY_A);
+		$items = array_map([$this, 'normalize_revenue_row'], (array) $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} {$where_sql} ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT %d OFFSET %d", $items_params), ARRAY_A));
         return ['items' => $items ?: [], 'total' => $total, 'page' => (int) floor($offset / $limit) + 1, 'max_pages' => (int) ceil(max(1, $total) / $limit)];
     }
 
     /**
      * Return separate cash and points totals; amounts must never be added across units.
      *
-     * @return array{cash:array{total:float,pending:float,settled:float,count:int},points:array{total:float,pending:float,settled:float,count:int}}
+     * @return array{cash:array{total:string,pending:string,settled:string,count:int},points:array{total:int,pending:int,settled:int,count:int}}
      */
     public function get_stats(int $user_id = 0): array {
         global $wpdb;
         $empty = [
-            'cash' => ['total' => 0.0, 'pending' => 0.0, 'settled' => 0.0, 'count' => 0],
-            'points' => ['total' => 0.0, 'pending' => 0.0, 'settled' => 0.0, 'count' => 0],
+            'cash' => ['total' => '0.00', 'pending' => '0.00', 'settled' => '0.00', 'count' => 0],
+            'points' => ['total' => 0, 'pending' => 0, 'settled' => 0, 'count' => 0],
         ];
         $where = ["status IN ('pending', 'settled')"];
         $params = [];
@@ -460,24 +477,104 @@ class Revenue {
         $rows = $wpdb->get_results($params ? $wpdb->prepare($stats_sql, $params) : $stats_sql, ARRAY_A);
         foreach ((array) $rows as $row) {
             $key = (string) ($row['currency'] ?? '') === 'points' ? 'points' : 'cash';
+			$is_points = $key === 'points';
             $empty[$key] = [
-                'total'   => (float) ($row['total'] ?? 0),
-                'pending' => (float) ($row['pending'] ?? 0),
-                'settled' => (float) ($row['settled'] ?? 0),
+				'total'   => $this->display_amount((string) ($row['total'] ?? '0'), $is_points),
+				'pending' => $this->display_amount((string) ($row['pending'] ?? '0'), $is_points),
+				'settled' => $this->display_amount((string) ($row['settled'] ?? '0'), $is_points),
                 'count'   => (int) ($row['count'] ?? 0),
             ];
         }
         return $empty;
     }
 
-    private function resolve_share_ratio(string $currency, int $author_level): float {
+    private function resolve_share_ratio(string $currency, int $author_level): int {
         $settings = \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_revenue_settings();
         $bucket = $currency === 'points' ? 'points' : 'cash';
         $level_key = $author_level >= 2 ? 'vip2' : ($author_level === 1 ? 'vip1' : 'ordinary');
         $ratio = $settings['ratios'][$bucket][$level_key] ?? 0;
-        return max(0, min(100, (float) $ratio));
+        return max(0, min(100, (int) $ratio));
     }
 
+	private function order_amount_minor(mixed $value, bool $is_points): ?int {
+		if ($is_points) {
+			$raw = is_int($value) ? (string) $value : (is_string($value) ? trim($value) : '');
+			if (!preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)$/', $raw)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			$max = (string) PHP_INT_MAX;
+			if (strlen($raw) > strlen($max) || (strlen($raw) === strlen($max) && strcmp($raw, $max) > 0)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			return (int) $raw;
+		}
+		if (!is_string($value)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		try {
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value))->minor();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private function percentage_minor(int $base_minor, int $ratio, bool $round_half_up): int {
+		$whole = intdiv($base_minor, 100) * $ratio;
+		$remainder = ($base_minor % 100) * $ratio;
+		return $whole + intdiv($remainder + ($round_half_up ? 50 : 0), 100);
+	}
+
+	private function stored_amount(int $minor, bool $is_points): string|int {
+		return $is_points
+			? $minor
+			: \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $minor)->decimal();
+	}
+
+	private function database_amount_minor(string $value, bool $is_points): ?int {
+		if ($is_points) {
+			if (!preg_match('/^(0|[1-9]\d*)(?:\.0+)?$/', $value, $matches)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+			return $this->order_amount_minor($matches[1], true);
+		}
+		try {
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->minor();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $row @param array<string,mixed> $expected */
+	private function revenue_matches(array $row, array $expected): bool {
+		$is_points = $expected['currency'] === 'points';
+		return (int) ($row['author_id'] ?? 0) === $expected['author_id']
+			&& (string) ($row['order_number'] ?? '') === $expected['order_number']
+			&& (int) ($row['post_id'] ?? 0) === $expected['post_id']
+			&& (int) ($row['buyer_id'] ?? 0) === $expected['buyer_id']
+			&& (string) ($row['currency'] ?? '') === $expected['currency']
+			&& $this->database_amount_minor((string) ($row['original_amount'] ?? ''), $is_points) === $expected['original_minor']
+			&& (int) ($row['share_ratio'] ?? -1) === $expected['ratio']
+			&& $this->database_amount_minor((string) ($row['amount'] ?? ''), $is_points) === $expected['amount_minor'];
+	}
+
+	private function display_amount(string $value, bool $is_points): string|int {
+		$minor = $this->database_amount_minor($value, $is_points);
+		if ($minor === null) {
+			return $is_points ? 0 : '0.00';
+		}
+		return $this->stored_amount($minor, $is_points);
+	}
+
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $row @return array<string,mixed> */
+	private function normalize_revenue_row(array $row): array {
+		$is_points = (string) ($row['currency'] ?? '') === 'points';
+		foreach (['original_amount', 'amount', 'reversal_amount'] as $field) {
+			$row[$field] = $this->display_amount((string) ($row[$field] ?? '0'), $is_points);
+		}
+		$row['share_ratio'] = (int) ($row['share_ratio'] ?? 0);
+		return $row;
+	}
+
     private function decode_order_meta(array $order): array {
         if (is_array($order['meta_payload'] ?? null)) {
             return $order['meta_payload'];
diff --git a/src/Payment/UserOrders.php b/src/Payment/UserOrders.php
index 97690063..5102090e 100644
--- a/src/Payment/UserOrders.php
+++ b/src/Payment/UserOrders.php
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class UserOrders {
         $view = [
             'id' => (int) ($order['id'] ?? 0),
             'order_number' => $order_number,
-            'amount' => (float) ($order['amount'] ?? 0),
+			'amount' => (string) ($order['amount'] ?? '0.00'),
             'currency' => $currency,
             'currency_symbol' => $is_points
                 ? (class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_currency_name() : __('积分', 'aksrt'))
@@ -417,9 +417,28 @@ class UserOrders {
             return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('订单不存在。', 'aksrt')];
         }
         $repo = OrderRepository::get_instance();
-        $order = $repo->get_user_order($user_id, $order_number);
-        if (!$order || $this->status_group((string) ($order['status'] ?? '')) !== OrderCenterQuery::STATUS_PENDING) {
-            return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('当前订单状态不可支付。', 'aksrt')];
+		$order = $repo->get_user_order($user_id, $order_number);
+		if (!$order) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('当前订单状态不可支付。', 'aksrt')];
+		}
+		if ($this->status_group((string) ($order['status'] ?? '')) === OrderCenterQuery::STATUS_PAID) {
+			$ledger_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('order-payment', [$order_number]);
+			$history = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['operation_key' => $ledger_key, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 1]);
+			if (!empty($history['items'][0])) {
+				return ['success' => true, 'data' => [
+					'redirect' => false,
+					'payment_url' => '',
+					'order_number' => $order_number,
+					'order' => $this->get_order_detail_view($user_id, $order_number),
+					'transaction_id' => (int) $history['items'][0]['id'],
+					'replayed' => true,
+					'balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
+					'message' => __('支付成功。', 'aksrt'),
+				]];
+			}
+		}
+		if ($this->status_group((string) ($order['status'] ?? '')) !== OrderCenterQuery::STATUS_PENDING) {
+			return ['success' => false, 'message' => __('当前订单状态不可支付。', 'aksrt')];
         }
         $stored_method = sanitize_key((string) ($order['payment_method'] ?? ''));
         $payment_method = sanitize_key($payment_method ?: ($stored_method ?: 'balance'));
@@ -435,13 +454,21 @@ class UserOrders {
         $order['payment_method'] = $payment_method;
         $result = PaymentOrchestrator::pay($gateway, $order, ['paid_note' => __('用户在前台完成支付。', 'aksrt')]);
         if (empty($result['success'])) {
-            return ['success' => false, 'message' => (string) ($result['message'] ?? __('支付失败。', 'aksrt'))];
+            return [
+                'success' => false,
+                'code' => (string) ($result['code'] ?? 'aksrt_pay_failed'),
+                'status' => (int) ($result['status'] ?? 400),
+                'message' => (string) ($result['message'] ?? __('支付失败。', 'aksrt')),
+            ];
         }
-        return ['success' => true, 'data' => [
+		return ['success' => true, 'data' => [
             'redirect' => !empty($result['redirect']),
             'payment_url' => (string) ($result['payment_url'] ?? ''),
             'order_number' => $order_number,
-            'order' => empty($result['redirect']) ? $this->get_order_detail_view($user_id, $order_number) : null,
+			'order' => empty($result['redirect']) ? $this->get_order_detail_view($user_id, $order_number) : null,
+			'transaction_id' => (int) ($result['ledger_transaction_id'] ?? 0),
+			'replayed' => !empty($result['replayed']),
+			'balance' => $payment_method === 'balance' ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id) : null,
             'message' => (string) ($result['message'] ?? ''),
         ]];
     }
diff --git a/src/Payment/Withdrawal.php b/src/Payment/Withdrawal.php
index 252827f7..03211d09 100644
--- a/src/Payment/Withdrawal.php
+++ b/src/Payment/Withdrawal.php
@@ -27,29 +27,6 @@ class Withdrawal {
 		return \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('withdrawal');
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * 创建提现申请
-	 */
-	public function create(int $user_id, float $amount, string $method = '', string $account_info = '', ?float $gross_amount = null): int {
-		global $wpdb;
-
-		if ($user_id <= 0 || $amount <= 0) {
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$wpdb->insert($this->table(), [
-			'user_id'      => $user_id,
-			'amount'       => $amount,
-			'gross_amount' => $gross_amount === null ? $amount : $gross_amount,
-			'method'       => sanitize_key($method),
-			'account_info' => sanitize_textarea_field($account_info),
-			'status'       => self::STATUS_PENDING,
-			'created_at'   => current_time('mysql'),
-		], ['%d', '%f', '%f', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s']);
-
-		return (int) $wpdb->insert_id;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * Daily withdrawal window in the configured WordPress timezone.
 	 * @return array{start:string,end:string}
@@ -65,100 +42,172 @@ class Withdrawal {
 		return ['start' => $start->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'), 'end' => $start->modify('+1 day')->format('Y-m-d H:i:s')];
 	}
 
-	/** @return array{count:int,total:float,remaining_count:int,remaining_amount:float,window:array{start:string,end:string}} */
+	/** @return array{count:int,total:string,remaining_count:int,remaining_amount:string,window:array{start:string,end:string}} */
 	public function daily_usage(int $user_id, array $settings): array {
 		$window = $this->daily_window((string) ($settings['reset_time'] ?? '00:00'));
 		return $this->daily_usage_in_window($user_id, $settings, $window);
 	}
 
-	/** @return array{count:int,total:float,remaining_count:int,remaining_amount:float,window:array{start:string,end:string}} */
+	/** @return array{count:int,total:string,remaining_count:int,remaining_amount:string,window:array{start:string,end:string}} */
 	private function daily_usage_in_window(int $user_id, array $settings, array $window): array {
-		global $wpdb;
-		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
-			"SELECT COUNT(*) AS count, COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN gross_amount > 0 THEN gross_amount ELSE amount END), 0) AS total FROM {$this->table()} WHERE user_id = %d AND created_at >= %s AND created_at < %s",
-			$user_id, $window['start'], $window['end']
-		), ARRAY_A);
-		$count = (int) ($row['count'] ?? 0);
-		$total = round((float) ($row['total'] ?? 0), 2);
-		$max_count = max(0, (int) ($settings['daily_count'] ?? 3));
-		$max_amount = max(0, (float) ($settings['daily_limit'] ?? 50));
+		$usage = $this->daily_usage_minor_in_window($user_id, $settings, $window);
 		return [
-			'count' => $count,
-			'total' => $total,
-			'remaining_count' => max(0, $max_count - $count),
-			'remaining_amount' => max(0, round($max_amount - $total, 2)),
+			'count' => $usage['count'],
+			'total' => $this->balance_decimal($usage['total_minor']),
+			'remaining_count' => $usage['remaining_count'],
+			'remaining_amount' => $this->balance_decimal($usage['remaining_minor']),
+			'window' => $window,
+		];
+	}
+
+	/** @return array{count:int,total_minor:int,remaining_count:int,remaining_minor:int,window:array{start:string,end:string}} */
+	private function daily_usage_minor_in_window(int $user_id, array $settings, array $window, bool $lock = false): array {
+		global $wpdb;
+		$sql = $wpdb->prepare(
+			"SELECT id, gross_amount, amount FROM {$this->table()} WHERE user_id = %d AND created_at >= %s AND created_at < %s ORDER BY id ASC" . ($lock ? ' FOR UPDATE' : ''),
+			$user_id,
+			$window['start'],
+			$window['end']
+		);
+		$rows = (array) $wpdb->get_results($sql, ARRAY_A);
+		$total_minor = 0;
+		foreach ($rows as $row) {
+			$decimal = (string) ($row['gross_amount'] ?? '');
+			try {
+				$row_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($decimal)->minor();
+				if ($row_minor <= 0) {
+					throw new \InvalidArgumentException('withdrawal_amount_invalid');
+				}
+				if ($total_minor > PHP_INT_MAX - $row_minor) {
+					throw new \RuntimeException('withdrawal_total_overflow');
+				}
+				$total_minor += $row_minor;
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				throw new \RuntimeException('withdrawal_amount_invalid');
+			}
+		}
+		$max_count = max(0, (int) ($settings['daily_count'] ?? 3));
+		$max_minor = $this->setting_minor($settings['daily_limit'] ?? '500.00');
+		return [
+			'count' => count($rows),
+			'total_minor' => $total_minor,
+			'remaining_count' => max(0, $max_count - count($rows)),
+			'remaining_minor' => max(0, $max_minor - $total_minor),
 			'window' => $window,
 		];
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Atomically validates quotas, freezes wallet funds, writes the ledger and creates an order.
-	 * @return array{withdrawal_id:int,net_amount:float,wallet_balance:float,usage:array}|\WP_Error
+	 * @return array{withdrawal_id:int,net_amount:string,wallet_balance:string,transaction_id:int,replayed:bool,usage:array}|\WP_Error
 	 */
-	public function create_balance_request(int $user_id, int $gross_amount, string $method, string $account, array $settings) {
+	public function create_balance_request(int $user_id, int $gross_minor, string $method, string $account, array $settings, string $operation_key) {
 		global $wpdb;
-		if ($user_id <= 0 || $gross_amount <= 0) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_amount', __('提现金额必须为正整数', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		if ($user_id <= 0 || $gross_minor <= 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_amount', __('提现金额必须大于零', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\\Credits\\Balance')) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_unavailable', __('提现服务不可用', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		$fee_rate = max(0, min(50, (int) ($settings['service_charge_rate'] ?? 5)));
+		$fee_minor = (intdiv($gross_minor, 100) * $fee_rate) + intdiv(($gross_minor % 100) * $fee_rate, 100);
+		$net_minor = $gross_minor - $fee_minor;
+		if ($net_minor < 1) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_net', __('扣除手续费后到账金额必须至少为 0.01 元', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
-		$meta_table = $wpdb->usermeta;
-		$meta_key = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::META_KEY;
-		if (!metadata_exists('user', $user_id, $meta_key)) {
-			add_user_meta($user_id, $meta_key, '0', true);
-		}
-		$wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION');
-		try {
-			$open = (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$this->table()} WHERE user_id = %d AND status IN ('pending','processing') FOR UPDATE", $user_id));
+		$window = $this->daily_window((string) ($settings['reset_time'] ?? '00:00'));
+		$usage = null;
+		$withdrawal_id = 0;
+		$guard = function () use ($user_id, $gross_minor, $settings, $window, &$usage) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare(
+				"SELECT id FROM {$this->table()} WHERE user_id = %d AND status IN ('pending','processing') ORDER BY id ASC FOR UPDATE",
+				$user_id
+			));
+			$open = (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+				"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$this->table()} WHERE user_id = %d AND status IN ('pending','processing')",
+				$user_id
+			));
 			if ($open > 0) {
-				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
 				return new \WP_Error('withdraw_pending', __('已有待处理提现申请', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
 			}
-			$meta_id = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare("SELECT umeta_id FROM {$meta_table} WHERE user_id = %d AND meta_key = %s LIMIT 1 FOR UPDATE", $user_id, $meta_key));
-			if (!$meta_id) {
-				throw new \RuntimeException('wallet row unavailable');
-			}
-			$window = $this->daily_window((string) ($settings['reset_time'] ?? '00:00'));
-			$usage = $this->daily_usage_in_window($user_id, $settings, $window);
+			$usage = $this->daily_usage_minor_in_window($user_id, $settings, $window, true);
 			if ($usage['remaining_count'] <= 0) {
-				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
 				return new \WP_Error('withdraw_count_limit', __('当日提现次数已用尽', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
 			}
-			if ($gross_amount > $usage['remaining_amount']) {
-				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+			if ($gross_minor > $usage['remaining_minor']) {
 				return new \WP_Error('withdraw_amount_limit', __('本次提现后将超出单日提现总额上限', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
 			}
-			$before = (float) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare("SELECT meta_value FROM {$meta_table} WHERE umeta_id = %d", $meta_id));
-			if ($before < $gross_amount) {
-				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_balance_insufficient', __('余额不足', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 402]);
-			}
-			$after = round($before - $gross_amount, 2);
-			if ($wpdb->update($meta_table, ['meta_value' => (string) $after], ['umeta_id' => $meta_id], ['%s'], ['%d']) !== 1) {
-				throw new \RuntimeException('wallet update failed');
-			}
-			$fee_rate = max(0, min(50, (int) ($settings['service_charge_rate'] ?? 5)));
-			$net = round($gross_amount * (100 - $fee_rate) / 100, 2);
-			$payload = wp_json_encode(['account' => $account, 'gross_amount' => $gross_amount, 'fee_rate' => $fee_rate, 'source' => 'balance'], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES) ?: $account;
+			return true;
+		};
+		$mutation = function (int $transaction_id) use ($user_id, $gross_minor, $net_minor, $fee_rate, $method, $account, $operation_key, &$withdrawal_id) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$payload = wp_json_encode([
+				'account' => $account,
+				'gross_amount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $gross_minor)->decimal(),
+				'fee_rate' => $fee_rate,
+				'source' => 'balance',
+				'operation_key' => $operation_key,
+			], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES) ?: $account;
 			$ok = $wpdb->insert($this->table(), [
-				'user_id' => $user_id, 'amount' => $net, 'gross_amount' => $gross_amount, 'method' => sanitize_key($method),
-				'account_info' => $payload, 'status' => self::STATUS_PENDING, 'created_at' => current_time('mysql'),
-			], ['%d', '%f', '%f', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s']);
-			if (!$ok) { throw new \RuntimeException('withdrawal insert failed'); }
+				'user_id' => $user_id,
+				'amount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $net_minor)->decimal(),
+				'gross_amount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $gross_minor)->decimal(),
+				'method' => sanitize_key($method),
+				'account_info' => $payload,
+				'status' => self::STATUS_PENDING,
+				'ledger_transaction_id' => $transaction_id,
+				'created_at' => current_time('mysql'),
+			], ['%d', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%d', '%s']);
+			if ($ok !== 1) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_failed', __('提现申请失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
 			$withdrawal_id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;
-			\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::log($user_id, -$gross_amount, $after, 'withdraw_hold', ['type' => 'withdraw', 'id' => $withdrawal_id], __('余额提现申请冻结', 'aksrt'));
-			$wpdb->query('COMMIT');
-			wp_cache_delete($user_id, 'user_meta');
-			$usage['count']++;
-			$usage['total'] = round($usage['total'] + $gross_amount, 2);
-			$usage['remaining_count']--;
-			$usage['remaining_amount'] = max(0, round($usage['remaining_amount'] - $gross_amount, 2));
-			return ['withdrawal_id' => $withdrawal_id, 'net_amount' => $net, 'wallet_balance' => $after, 'usage' => $usage];
-		} catch (\Throwable $e) {
-			$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_failed', __('提现申请失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			return true;
+		};
+		$result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->debit(
+			$user_id,
+			\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE,
+			$gross_minor,
+			$operation_key,
+			'withdraw_hold',
+			['type' => 'withdraw', 'key' => $operation_key],
+			__('余额提现申请冻结', 'aksrt'),
+			$user_id,
+			['fee_minor' => $fee_minor, 'net_minor' => $net_minor],
+			$mutation,
+			$guard
+		);
+		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
+			return $result;
 		}
+		if ($withdrawal_id <= 0) {
+			$withdrawal_id = (int) $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare(
+				"SELECT id FROM {$this->table()} WHERE ledger_transaction_id = %d",
+				$result->transaction_id
+			));
+		}
+		if ($withdrawal_id <= 0) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_missing', __('提现记录不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		}
+		if (!is_array($usage)) {
+			$usage = $this->daily_usage_minor_in_window($user_id, $settings, $window);
+		} else {
+			$usage['count']++;
+			$usage['total_minor'] += $gross_minor;
+			$usage['remaining_count'] = max(0, $usage['remaining_count'] - 1);
+			$usage['remaining_minor'] = max(0, $usage['remaining_minor'] - $gross_minor);
+		}
+		return [
+			'withdrawal_id' => $withdrawal_id,
+			'net_amount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $net_minor)->decimal(),
+			'wallet_balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $result->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE))->decimal(),
+			'transaction_id' => $result->transaction_id,
+			'replayed' => $result->replayed,
+			'usage' => [
+				'count' => $usage['count'],
+				'total' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $usage['total_minor'])->decimal(),
+				'remaining_count' => $usage['remaining_count'],
+				'remaining_amount' => \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $usage['remaining_minor'])->decimal(),
+			],
+		];
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -204,10 +253,11 @@ class Withdrawal {
 	 * Status transition with balance side-effects.
 	 * Reject of balance-source holds refunds gross_amount once (idempotent).
 	 *
-	 * @return true|\WP_Error
+	 * @return array{transaction_id:int,replayed:bool,wallet_balance:string}|\WP_Error
 	 */
-	public function process_status_change(int $withdrawal_id, string $new_status, string $note = '') {
+	public function process_status_change(int $withdrawal_id, string $new_status, string $note = '', string $operation_key = '') {
 		$new_status = sanitize_key($new_status);
+		$note = sanitize_textarea_field($note);
 		$allowed    = [
 			self::STATUS_PENDING,
 			self::STATUS_PROCESSING,
@@ -215,17 +265,29 @@ class Withdrawal {
 			self::STATUS_REJECTED,
 		];
 		if ($withdrawal_id <= 0 || !in_array($new_status, $allowed, true)) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_status', __('提现状态无效', 'aksrt'));
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_status', __('提现状态无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
+		}
+		if ($operation_key === '' || strlen($operation_key) > 191 || !preg_match('/^[A-Za-z0-9:._-]+$/', $operation_key)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_operation_key', __('提现状态操作标识无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 400]);
 		}
 
 		$row = $this->get($withdrawal_id);
 		if (!$row) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_missing', __('提现记录不存在', 'aksrt'));
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_missing', __('提现记录不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 404]);
 		}
-
-		$old_status = sanitize_key((string) ($row['status'] ?? ''));
-		if ($old_status === $new_status && $note === '') {
-			return true;
+		$payload_hash = hash('sha256', (string) wp_json_encode([
+			'withdrawal_id' => $withdrawal_id,
+			'status' => $new_status,
+			'note' => $note,
+		], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES));
+		$meta = $this->parse_account_meta((string) ($row['account_info'] ?? ''));
+		$preflight_replay = $this->status_operation_result($meta, $operation_key, $payload_hash);
+		if (is_wp_error($preflight_replay)) {
+			return $preflight_replay;
+		}
+		if (is_array($preflight_replay)) {
+			$preflight_replay['wallet_balance'] = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal((int) ($row['user_id'] ?? 0));
+			return $preflight_replay;
 		}
 		$transitions = [
 			self::STATUS_PENDING => [self::STATUS_PROCESSING, self::STATUS_REJECTED],
@@ -233,67 +295,122 @@ class Withdrawal {
 			self::STATUS_COMPLETED => [],
 			self::STATUS_REJECTED => [],
 		];
+		$old_status = sanitize_key((string) ($row['status'] ?? ''));
 		if (!in_array($new_status, $transitions[$old_status] ?? [], true)) {
 			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_transition', __('提现状态转换不合法', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
 		}
 
-		$meta = $this->parse_account_meta((string) ($row['account_info'] ?? ''));
 		$user_id = (int) ($row['user_id'] ?? 0);
+		$ledger_result = null;
+		$locked_row = null;
+		$locked_meta = [];
+		$operation_replay = null;
+		$lock_and_validate = function () use ($withdrawal_id, $new_status, $transitions, $operation_key, $payload_hash, &$locked_row, &$locked_meta, &$operation_replay) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			$current = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare(
+				"SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE id = %d FOR UPDATE",
+				$withdrawal_id
+			), ARRAY_A);
+			if (!is_array($current)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_missing', __('提现记录不存在', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 404]);
+			}
+			$locked_meta = $this->parse_account_meta((string) ($current['account_info'] ?? ''));
+			$replay = $this->status_operation_result($locked_meta, $operation_key, $payload_hash);
+			if (is_wp_error($replay)) {
+				return $replay;
+			}
+			if (is_array($replay)) {
+				$locked_row = $current;
+				$operation_replay = $replay;
+				return true;
+			}
+			$current_status = sanitize_key((string) ($current['status'] ?? ''));
+			if (!in_array($new_status, $transitions[$current_status] ?? [], true)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_transition', __('提现状态转换不合法', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+			}
+			$locked_row = $current;
+			return true;
+		};
+		$update_locked = function (int $transaction_id = 0) use ($withdrawal_id, $new_status, $note, $operation_key, $payload_hash, &$locked_row, &$locked_meta, &$operation_replay) {
+			global $wpdb;
+			if (!is_array($locked_row)) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_update', __('提现记录未锁定', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+			if (is_array($operation_replay)) {
+				return true;
+			}
+			$update = ['status' => $new_status];
+			$formats = ['%s'];
+			$locked_meta['status_operations'] = is_array($locked_meta['status_operations'] ?? null)
+				? $locked_meta['status_operations']
+				: [];
+			$locked_meta['status_operations'][$operation_key] = [
+				'payload_hash' => $payload_hash,
+				'status' => $new_status,
+				'transaction_id' => max(0, $transaction_id),
+			];
+			if ($new_status === self::STATUS_REJECTED) {
+				$locked_meta['released_at'] = current_time('mysql');
+			}
+			$update['account_info'] = $this->encode_account_meta($locked_meta, '');
+			$formats[] = '%s';
+			if (in_array($new_status, [self::STATUS_COMPLETED, self::STATUS_REJECTED], true)) {
+				$update['processed_at'] = current_time('mysql');
+				$formats[] = '%s';
+			}
+			$merged_note = $this->merge_note((string) ($locked_row['note'] ?? ''), $note);
+			if ($merged_note !== '') {
+				$update['note'] = $merged_note;
+				$formats[] = '%s';
+			}
+			return $wpdb->update($this->table(), $update, ['id' => $withdrawal_id, 'status' => (string) $locked_row['status']], $formats, ['%d', '%s']) === 1
+				? true
+				: new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_update', __('提现状态更新失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+		};
 
-		// Refund frozen balance when moving into rejected (once).
-		if (
-			$new_status === self::STATUS_REJECTED
-			&& $old_status !== self::STATUS_REJECTED
-			&& empty($meta['balance_refunded'])
-			&& $this->is_balance_source($meta)
-			&& class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')
-			&& $user_id > 0
-		) {
-			$gross = $this->resolve_gross_amount($row, $meta);
-			if ($gross > 0) {
-				$refund = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::add(
-					$user_id,
-					$gross,
-					'withdraw_refund',
-					['type' => 'withdraw', 'id' => $withdrawal_id],
-					sprintf(__('提现拒绝退回 #%d', 'aksrt'), $withdrawal_id)
-				);
-				if (is_wp_error($refund)) {
-					return $refund;
-				}
-				$meta['balance_refunded'] = true;
-				$meta['refunded_at']      = current_time('mysql');
+		if ($new_status === self::STATUS_REJECTED && $this->is_balance_source($meta) && $user_id > 0) {
+			try {
+				$gross_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) ($row['gross_amount'] ?? ''))->minor();
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_amount', __('提现记录金额无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+			if ($gross_minor <= 0) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_amount', __('提现记录金额无效', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+			$ledger_result = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->credit(
+				$user_id,
+				\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE,
+				$gross_minor,
+				$operation_key !== '' ? $operation_key : \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('withdraw-refund', [$withdrawal_id]),
+				'withdraw_refund',
+				['type' => 'withdraw', 'id' => $withdrawal_id],
+				sprintf(__('提现拒绝退回 #%d', 'aksrt'), $withdrawal_id),
+				get_current_user_id(),
+				['withdrawal_id' => $withdrawal_id, 'target_status' => $new_status, 'note_hash' => hash('sha256', $note)],
+				static fn(int $transaction_id) => $update_locked($transaction_id),
+				static fn() => $lock_and_validate()
+			);
+			if (is_wp_error($ledger_result)) {
+				return $ledger_result;
+			}
+		} else {
+			global $wpdb;
+			if ($wpdb->query('START TRANSACTION') === false) {
+				return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_update', __('提现状态更新失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
+			}
+			$locked = $lock_and_validate();
+			$updated = is_wp_error($locked) ? $locked : $update_locked(0);
+			if (is_wp_error($updated) || $wpdb->query('COMMIT') === false) {
+				$wpdb->query('ROLLBACK');
+				return is_wp_error($updated) ? $updated : new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_update', __('提现状态更新失败', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 500]);
 			}
 		}
 
-		$account_info = $this->encode_account_meta($meta, (string) ($row['account_info'] ?? ''));
-		$merged_note  = $this->merge_note((string) ($row['note'] ?? ''), $note);
-
-		global $wpdb;
-		$update = [
-			'status'       => $new_status,
-			'account_info' => $account_info,
-		];
-		$format = ['%s', '%s'];
-
-		if ($new_status === self::STATUS_COMPLETED || $new_status === self::STATUS_REJECTED) {
-			$update['processed_at'] = current_time('mysql');
-			$format[]               = '%s';
-		}
-		if ($merged_note !== '') {
-			$update['note'] = $merged_note;
-			$format[]       = '%s';
-		}
-
-		$ok = $wpdb->update($this->table(), $update, ['id' => $withdrawal_id], $format, ['%d']) !== false;
-		if (!$ok) {
-			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_update', __('提现状态更新失败', 'aksrt'));
-		}
-
-		// Notify user on terminal status (legacy withdraw_reply parity).
-		if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Messages\Message') && $user_id > 0 && in_array($new_status, [self::STATUS_COMPLETED, self::STATUS_REJECTED], true)) {
+		// Notify only after the financial transaction has committed.
+		$replayed = ($ledger_result instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult && $ledger_result->replayed) || is_array($operation_replay);
+		if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Messages\Message') && $user_id > 0 && in_array($new_status, [self::STATUS_COMPLETED, self::STATUS_REJECTED], true) && !$replayed) {
 			$gross = $this->resolve_gross_amount($row, $meta);
-			$amount_txt = class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format($gross) : number_format($gross, 2);
+			$amount_txt = $gross;
 			if ($new_status === self::STATUS_REJECTED) {
 				$title = __('提现已拒绝', 'aksrt');
 				$body  = sprintf(__('您申请提现 %s 元已被拒绝，冻结金额已退回钱包。', 'aksrt'), $amount_txt);
@@ -310,7 +427,11 @@ class Withdrawal {
 			]);
 		}
 
-		return true;
+		return [
+			'transaction_id' => $ledger_result instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult ? $ledger_result->transaction_id : 0,
+			'replayed' => $replayed,
+			'wallet_balance' => \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance_decimal($user_id),
+		];
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -338,25 +459,33 @@ class Withdrawal {
 	/**
 	 * Sum of frozen gross amounts still open (balance source).
 	 */
-	public function sum_pending_hold(int $user_id): float {
+	public function sum_pending_hold(int $user_id): string {
 		global $wpdb;
 		if ($user_id <= 0) {
-			return 0.0;
+			return '0.00';
 		}
 		$rows = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare(
-			"SELECT amount, account_info FROM {$this->table()}
+			"SELECT gross_amount, account_info FROM {$this->table()}
 			 WHERE user_id = %d AND status IN ('pending','processing')",
 			$user_id
 		), ARRAY_A);
-		$total = 0.0;
+		$total_minor = 0;
 		foreach ((array) $rows as $row) {
 			$meta  = $this->parse_account_meta((string) ($row['account_info'] ?? ''));
-			if (!$this->is_balance_source($meta) || !empty($meta['balance_refunded'])) {
+			if (!$this->is_balance_source($meta)) {
 				continue;
 			}
-			$total += $this->resolve_gross_amount($row, $meta);
+			try {
+				$minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) ($row['gross_amount'] ?? ''))->minor();
+				if ($minor <= 0 || $total_minor > PHP_INT_MAX - $minor) {
+					return '0.00';
+				}
+				$total_minor += $minor;
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return '0.00';
+			}
 		}
-		return round($total, 2);
+		return $this->balance_decimal($total_minor);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -459,7 +588,7 @@ class Withdrawal {
 			'processing' => (int) ($row['processing'] ?? 0),
 			'rejected'   => (int) ($row['rejected'] ?? 0),
 			'completed'  => (int) ($row['completed'] ?? 0),
-			'total_paid' => (float) ($row['total_paid'] ?? 0),
+			'total_paid' => $this->database_balance_decimal((string) ($row['total_paid'] ?? '0')),
 		];
 	}
 
@@ -472,6 +601,7 @@ class Withdrawal {
 		$gross = $this->resolve_gross_amount($row, $meta);
 		$row['meta']          = $meta;
 		$row['gross_amount']  = $gross;
+		$row['amount']        = $this->database_balance_decimal((string) ($row['amount'] ?? '0'));
 		$row['fee_rate']      = (int) ($meta['fee_rate'] ?? 0);
 		$display = (string) ($meta['account'] ?? $row['account_info'] ?? '');
 		$row['display_account'] = strlen($display) > 4 ? substr($display, 0, 2) . str_repeat('*', max(2, strlen($display) - 4)) . substr($display, -2) : '****';
@@ -506,24 +636,17 @@ class Withdrawal {
 	 * @param array<string,mixed> $meta
 	 */
 	private function is_balance_source(array $meta): bool {
-		$source = sanitize_key((string) ($meta['source'] ?? 'balance'));
-		// Empty / balance = cash wallet freeze path.
-		return $source === '' || $source === 'balance';
+		$source = sanitize_key((string) ($meta['source'] ?? ''));
+		return $source === 'balance';
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * @param array<string,mixed> $row
 	 * @param array<string,mixed> $meta
 	 */
-	private function resolve_gross_amount(array $row, array $meta): float {
-		if ((float) ($row['gross_amount'] ?? 0) > 0) {
-			return max(0, round((float) $row['gross_amount'], 2));
-		}
-		if (isset($meta['gross_amount'])) {
-			return max(0, round((float) $meta['gross_amount'], 2));
-		}
-		// Legacy rows: amount was net or gross without meta.
-		return max(0, round((float) ($row['amount'] ?? 0), 2));
+	private function resolve_gross_amount(array $row, array $meta): string {
+		unset($meta);
+		return $this->database_balance_decimal((string) ($row['gross_amount'] ?? '0'));
 	}
 
 	private function merge_note(string $old, string $new): string {
@@ -537,4 +660,44 @@ class Withdrawal {
 		}
 		return $old . "\n" . $new;
 	}
+
+	private function setting_minor(mixed $value): int {
+		if (!is_string($value)) {
+			throw new \RuntimeException('withdrawal_setting_invalid');
+		}
+		try {
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value))->minor();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			throw new \RuntimeException('withdrawal_setting_invalid');
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** @return array{transaction_id:int,replayed:bool}|\WP_Error|null */
+	private function status_operation_result(array $meta, string $operation_key, string $payload_hash) {
+		$history = is_array($meta['status_operations'] ?? null) ? $meta['status_operations'] : [];
+		$stored = $history[$operation_key] ?? null;
+		if (!is_array($stored)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$stored_hash = (string) ($stored['payload_hash'] ?? '');
+		if ($stored_hash === '' || !hash_equals($stored_hash, $payload_hash)) {
+			return new \WP_Error('aksrt_withdraw_idempotency_conflict', __('相同操作标识已用于其他提现状态请求', 'aksrt'), ['status' => 409]);
+		}
+		return [
+			'transaction_id' => max(0, (int) ($stored['transaction_id'] ?? 0)),
+			'replayed' => true,
+		];
+	}
+
+	private function database_balance_decimal(string $value): string {
+		try {
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return '0.00';
+		}
+	}
+
+	private function balance_decimal(int $minor): string {
+		return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, max(0, $minor))->decimal();
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/Settings/CreditsPaymentGroups.php b/src/Settings/CreditsPaymentGroups.php
index 8520a9cb..b704789b 100644
--- a/src/Settings/CreditsPaymentGroups.php
+++ b/src/Settings/CreditsPaymentGroups.php
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ trait CreditsPaymentGroups {
     }
 
     public static function affiliate_enabled(): bool { return PaymentRuntime::affiliate_enabled(); }
-    public static function affiliate_ratio_for_user(int $user_id = 0): float { return PaymentRuntime::affiliate_ratio_for_user($user_id > 0 ? $user_id : get_current_user_id()); }
-    public static function affiliate_ratio_for_level(int $level): float { return PaymentRuntime::affiliate_ratio_for_level($level); }
+	public static function affiliate_ratio_for_user(int $user_id = 0): int { return PaymentRuntime::affiliate_ratio_for_user($user_id > 0 ? $user_id : get_current_user_id()); }
+	public static function affiliate_ratio_for_level(int $level): int { return PaymentRuntime::affiliate_ratio_for_level($level); }
     public static function get_affiliate_settings(): array { return PaymentRuntime::get_affiliate_settings(); }
     public static function get_settlement_settings(): array { return PaymentRuntime::get_settlement_settings(); }
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ trait CreditsPaymentGroups {
     /**
      * 获取充值卡设置
      *
-     * @return array{enabled:bool,desc:string,type:string,prefix:string,length:int,batch_size:int,max_redeem:int,expiry_days:int,amount:int,vip_days:int,credits:int,redeem_page:string,success_msg:string,fail_msg:string}
+	 * @return array{enabled:bool,desc:string,type:string,prefix:string,length:int,batch_size:int,max_redeem:int,expiry_days:int,amount:string,vip_days:int,credits:int,redeem_page:string,success_msg:string,fail_msg:string}
      */
     public static function get_card_pass_settings(): array {
         return PaymentRuntime::get_card_pass_settings();
diff --git a/src/Settings/Integration.php b/src/Settings/Integration.php
index b6656ad1..ec9f6160 100644
--- a/src/Settings/Integration.php
+++ b/src/Settings/Integration.php
@@ -286,8 +286,10 @@ class Integration {
                 'comment_reply'     => true,
                 'comment_approved'  => true,
                 'download_ready'    => true,
-                'credits_added'     => true,
-                'credits_deducted'  => true,
+                'asset_points_increase'  => true,
+                'asset_points_decrease'  => true,
+                'asset_balance_increase' => true,
+                'asset_balance_decrease' => true,
                 'pending_comments'  => true,
                 'upload_moderation' => true,
             ],
@@ -301,7 +303,11 @@ class Integration {
         if (!is_array($saved)) {
             $saved = [];
         }
+		if (isset($saved['enabled_types']) && is_array($saved['enabled_types'])) {
+			$saved['enabled_types'] = array_intersect_key($saved['enabled_types'], $defaults['enabled_types']);
+		}
         $merged = array_merge($defaults, $saved);
+		$merged['enabled_types'] = array_replace($defaults['enabled_types'], (array) ($saved['enabled_types'] ?? []));
         $merged['read_retention_days'] = max(1, min(365, (int) $merged['read_retention_days']));
         $merged['unread_retention_days'] = max(7, min(3650, (int) $merged['unread_retention_days']));
         $merged['max_per_user'] = max(20, min(5000, (int) $merged['max_per_user']));
diff --git a/src/Settings/PaymentRuntime.php b/src/Settings/PaymentRuntime.php
index 53e5dadc..34ff742a 100644
--- a/src/Settings/PaymentRuntime.php
+++ b/src/Settings/PaymentRuntime.php
@@ -88,13 +88,12 @@ class PaymentRuntime {
         return [
             'enabled'         => !empty($settings['pay_balance_s']),
             'desc'            => $desc,
-            'auto_to_balance' => !isset($settings['pay_auto_to_balance']) || !empty($settings['pay_auto_to_balance']),
             'packages_raw'    => $packages,
             'package_count'   => self::count_structured_lines($packages),
             'help_text'       => $desc !== '' ? $desc : __('当前支持人工确认与测试联调；接入真实网关时复用同一组字段。', 'aksrt'),
             'product'         => [
                 'name'         => sanitize_text_field((string) ($settings['pay_balance_product_name'] ?? '')),
-                'price'        => max(0, (float) ($settings['pay_balance_price'] ?? 0)),
+				'price'        => self::money_decimal($settings['pay_balance_price'] ?? '0.00', '0.00'),
                 'tag'          => sanitize_text_field((string) ($settings['pay_balance_tag'] ?? '元')),
                 'tag_class'    => sanitize_text_field((string) ($settings['pay_balance_tag_class'] ?? '')),
                 'custom_s'     => !isset($settings['pay_balance_product_custom_s']) || !empty($settings['pay_balance_product_custom_s']),
@@ -234,7 +233,7 @@ class PaymentRuntime {
                 'desc'       => sanitize_textarea_field((string) ($settings['vip_renew_desc'] ?? '')),
                 'price_type' => $renew_price_type,
                 'discount'   => max(1, min(100, (int) ($settings['vip_renew_discount'] ?? 8))),
-                'reduce'     => max(0, min(9999, (int) ($settings['vip_renew_reduce'] ?? 20))),
+                'reduce'     => self::money_decimal($settings['vip_renew_reduce'] ?? '20.00', '20.00', 999900),
             ],
             'upgrade'       => [
                 'enabled' => !isset($settings['vip_upgrade']) || !empty($settings['vip_upgrade']),
@@ -284,7 +283,7 @@ class PaymentRuntime {
      */
     public static function get_payment_affiliate_settings(): array {
         $settings = Settings::get_all();
-        $clamp_ratio = static fn ($value): float => max(0, min(100, (float) $value));
+		$clamp_ratio = static fn($value): int => max(0, min(100, (int) $value));
         $types = (array) ($settings['affiliate_order_types'] ?? ['membership', 'content']);
         $types = array_values(array_intersect(['membership', 'content', 'credits'], array_map('sanitize_key', $types)));
         if (!$types) { $types = ['membership', 'content']; }
@@ -303,14 +302,14 @@ class PaymentRuntime {
     }
 
     public static function affiliate_enabled(): bool { return !empty(self::get_payment_affiliate_settings()['enabled']); }
-    public static function affiliate_ratio_for_user(int $user_id): float {
+	public static function affiliate_ratio_for_user(int $user_id): int {
         $level = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_vip_level') ? (int) aksrt_get_user_vip_level($user_id) : 0;
         return self::affiliate_ratio_for_level($level);
     }
-    public static function affiliate_ratio_for_level(int $level): float {
+	public static function affiliate_ratio_for_level(int $level): int {
         $settings = self::get_payment_affiliate_settings();
         $key = $level >= 2 ? 'vip_2' : ($level >= 1 ? 'vip_1' : 'user');
-        return (float) ($settings['ratios'][$key] ?? 0);
+		return (int) ($settings['ratios'][$key] ?? 0);
     }
     public static function get_affiliate_settings(): array { return self::get_payment_affiliate_settings(); }
     public static function get_settlement_settings(): array {
@@ -433,7 +432,7 @@ class PaymentRuntime {
             'batch_size'  => max(1, min(500, (int) ($s['card_pass_batch_size'] ?? 50))),
             'max_redeem'  => max(1, min(100, (int) ($s['card_pass_max_redeem'] ?? 1))),
             'expiry_days' => max(0, (int) ($s['card_pass_expiry'] ?? 0)),
-            'amount'      => max(1, min(9999, (int) ($s['card_pass_amount'] ?? 10))),
+			'amount'      => self::money_decimal($s['card_pass_amount'] ?? '10.00', '10.00', 999900),
             'vip_days'    => max(1, min(3650, (int) ($s['card_pass_vip_days'] ?? 30))),
             'credits'     => max(0, min(99999, (int) ($s['card_pass_credits'] ?? 0))),
             'redeem_page' => esc_url_raw((string) ($s['card_pass_redeem_page'] ?? '')),
@@ -442,16 +441,16 @@ class PaymentRuntime {
         ];
     }
 
-    /** @return array{min_amount:float,service_charge_rate:int,daily_count:int,daily_limit:float,reset_time:string,payout_channels:string[]} */
+    /** @return array{min_amount:string,service_charge_rate:int,daily_count:int,daily_limit:string,reset_time:string,payout_channels:string[]} */
     public static function get_withdrawal_settings(): array {
         $s = Settings::get_all();
         $channels = array_values(array_intersect(['alipay', 'wechat'], array_map('sanitize_key', (array) ($s['affiliate_payout_channels'] ?? ['alipay', 'wechat']))));
         if (!$channels) { $channels = ['alipay', 'wechat']; }
         return [
-            'min_amount'          => max(0, min(999999, (float) ($s['affiliate_min_withdrawal'] ?? 50))),
-            'service_charge_rate' => (int) round(max(0, min(100, (float) ($s['affiliate_withdrawal_fee'] ?? 5)))),
+			'min_amount'          => self::money_decimal($s['affiliate_min_withdrawal'] ?? '50.00', '50.00', 99999900),
+			'service_charge_rate' => max(0, min(100, (int) ($s['affiliate_withdrawal_fee'] ?? 5))),
             'daily_count'         => max(0, min(99999, (int) ($s['affiliate_daily_withdrawal_count'] ?? 3))),
-            'daily_limit'         => max(0, min(999999, (float) ($s['affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit'] ?? 500))),
+			'daily_limit'         => self::money_decimal($s['affiliate_daily_withdrawal_limit'] ?? '500.00', '500.00', 99999900),
             'reset_time'          => preg_match('/^(?:[01]\\d|2[0-3]):[0-5]\\d$/', (string) ($s['affiliate_withdrawal_reset_time'] ?? '00:00'))
                 ? (string) $s['affiliate_withdrawal_reset_time']
                 : '00:00',
@@ -516,6 +515,18 @@ class PaymentRuntime {
         return $count;
     }
 
+	private static function money_decimal(mixed $value, string $default, int $max_minor = PHP_INT_MAX): string {
+		try {
+			if (!is_string($value)) {
+				throw new \InvalidArgumentException('money_decimal_must_be_string');
+			}
+			$amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value));
+			return $amount->minor() <= $max_minor ? $amount->decimal() : $default;
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return $default;
+		}
+	}
+
     /**
      * @param array<int,mixed> $products
      */
diff --git a/src/Settings/PostDisplay.php b/src/Settings/PostDisplay.php
index 1f4383f7..93b50042 100644
--- a/src/Settings/PostDisplay.php
+++ b/src/Settings/PostDisplay.php
@@ -152,14 +152,37 @@ class PostDisplay {
         if ($rewards_text === '') {
             $rewards_text = '赞赏';
         }
-        $rewards_amounts = array_values(array_filter(array_map(static function ($value): float {
-            return round((float) $value, 2);
-        }, explode(',', (string) ($settings['post_rewards_amounts'] ?? '5,10,20,50,100'))), static fn(float $value): bool => $value > 0));
-        if ($rewards_amounts === []) {
-            $rewards_amounts = [5, 10, 20, 50, 100];
-        }
-        $rewards_min = max(0.01, round((float) ($settings['post_rewards_min'] ?? 1), 2));
-        $rewards_max = max($rewards_min, round((float) ($settings['post_rewards_max'] ?? 1000), 2));
+		$reward_amount = static function ($value, string $default): \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount {
+			try {
+				return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(is_string($value) ? trim($value) : '');
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($default);
+			}
+		};
+		$rewards_amounts = [];
+		foreach (explode(',', (string) ($settings['post_rewards_amounts'] ?? '5.00,10.00,20.00,50.00,100.00')) as $value) {
+			try {
+				$parsed = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value));
+				if ($parsed->minor() > 0) {
+					$rewards_amounts[] = $parsed->decimal();
+				}
+			} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($rewards_amounts === []) {
+			$rewards_amounts = ['5.00', '10.00', '20.00', '50.00', '100.00'];
+		}
+		$rewards_min_amount = $reward_amount($settings['post_rewards_min'] ?? '1.00', '1.00');
+		if ($rewards_min_amount->minor() <= 0) {
+			$rewards_min_amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance('0.01');
+		}
+		$rewards_max_amount = $reward_amount($settings['post_rewards_max'] ?? '1000.00', '1000.00');
+		if ($rewards_max_amount->minor() < $rewards_min_amount->minor()) {
+			$rewards_max_amount = $rewards_min_amount;
+		}
+		$rewards_min = $rewards_min_amount->decimal();
+		$rewards_max = $rewards_max_amount->decimal();
         $author_card_limit = max(0, min(12, (int) ($settings['post_author_card_limit'] ?? 6)));
         $author_card_orderby = sanitize_key((string) ($settings['post_author_card_orderby'] ?? 'views'));
         if (!in_array($author_card_orderby, ['views', 'date', 'modified', 'comment_count'], true)) {
@@ -277,6 +300,17 @@ class PostDisplay {
     public static function get_submit_settings(): array {
         $settings = Settings::get_all();
 
+        $money_setting = static function ($value, string $default): string {
+            if (!is_string($value)) {
+                return $default;
+            }
+            try {
+                return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($value)->decimal();
+            } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+                return $default;
+            }
+        };
+
         $title_min = max(1, min(100, (int) ($settings['post_article_title_strlen_limit_min'] ?? 5)));
         $title_max = max(5, min(200, (int) ($settings['post_article_title_strlen_limit_max'] ?? 30)));
         if ($title_max < $title_min) {
@@ -317,8 +351,8 @@ class PostDisplay {
             'draft_save'           => !isset($settings['front_submit_draft_save']) || !empty($settings['front_submit_draft_save']),
             'leave_warning'        => !isset($settings['front_submit_leave_warning']) || !empty($settings['front_submit_leave_warning']),
             'pay_free_s'           => !isset($settings['post_article_pay_free_s']) || !empty($settings['post_article_pay_free_s']),
-            'pay_price_min'        => max(0, (float) ($settings['post_article_pay_price_min'] ?? 0)),
-            'pay_price_max'        => max(0, (float) ($settings['post_article_pay_price_max'] ?? 100)),
+            'pay_price_min'        => $money_setting($settings['post_article_pay_price_min'] ?? '0.00', '0.00'),
+            'pay_price_max'        => $money_setting($settings['post_article_pay_price_max'] ?? '100.00', '100.00'),
             'pay_vip_price_s'      => !isset($settings['post_article_pay_vip_price_s']) || !empty($settings['post_article_pay_vip_price_s']),
             'pay_vip_1_discount'   => max(0, min(100, (int) ($settings['post_article_pay_vip_1_discount'] ?? 80))),
             'pay_vip_2_discount'   => max(0, min(100, (int) ($settings['post_article_pay_vip_2_discount'] ?? 50))),
diff --git a/src/Settings/UserRuntime.php b/src/Settings/UserRuntime.php
index 82e3fe68..65684d89 100644
--- a/src/Settings/UserRuntime.php
+++ b/src/Settings/UserRuntime.php
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class UserRuntime {
      * User identity, level, medal, and report governance settings.
      *
      * @return array{
-     *   verify:array{enabled:bool,public_display:bool,allow_apply:bool,disable_desc:string,desc:string,types:array<string,array{slug:string,label:string,badge_text:string,fee:float,free_applications:int,require_real_name:bool}>},
+	 *   verify:array{enabled:bool,public_display:bool,allow_apply:bool,disable_desc:string,desc:string,types:array<string,array{slug:string,label:string,badge_text:string,fee:string,free_applications:int,require_real_name:bool}>},
      *   level:array{enabled:bool,public_display:bool,source:string,label_prefix:string,thresholds:array<int,int>},
      *   medal:array{enabled:bool,public_display:bool,limit:int,categories:array<int,array{cat_name:string,items:array<int,array{slug:string,name:string,desc:string,icon:string,get_type:string,get_val:int}>}>,items_by_slug:array<string,array{slug:string,name:string,desc:string,icon:string,get_type:string,get_val:int,cat_name:string}>},
      *   badge:array{enabled:bool,public_display:bool,limit:int,dictionary:array<int,array{slug:string,label:string,tone:string,desc:string,icon_url?:string}>},
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class UserRuntime {
                 'slug' => 'personal',
                 'label' => __('个人认证', 'aksrt'),
                 'badge_text' => trim((string) ($settings['user_verify_personal_badge_text'] ?? '')) ?: __('个人认证', 'aksrt'),
-                'fee' => max(0, round((float) ($settings['user_verify_personal_fee'] ?? 0), 2)),
+				'fee' => self::identity_fee_setting($settings, 'user_verify_personal_fee'),
                 'free_applications' => max(0, (int) ($settings['user_verify_personal_free_applications'] ?? 0)),
                 'require_real_name' => true,
             ],
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class UserRuntime {
                 'slug' => 'enterprise',
                 'label' => __('企业认证', 'aksrt'),
                 'badge_text' => trim((string) ($settings['user_verify_enterprise_badge_text'] ?? '')) ?: __('企业认证', 'aksrt'),
-                'fee' => max(0, round((float) ($settings['user_verify_enterprise_fee'] ?? 0), 2)),
+				'fee' => self::identity_fee_setting($settings, 'user_verify_enterprise_fee'),
                 'free_applications' => max(0, (int) ($settings['user_verify_enterprise_free_applications'] ?? 0)),
                 'require_real_name' => true,
             ],
@@ -182,6 +182,19 @@ class UserRuntime {
         ];
     }
 
+	/** @param array<string,mixed> $settings */
+	private static function identity_fee_setting(array $settings, string $key): string {
+		$value = array_key_exists($key, $settings) ? $settings[$key] : '0.00';
+		if (!is_string($value)) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		try {
+			return \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance(trim($value))->decimal();
+		} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
     /**
      * 禁封设置
      */
@@ -245,8 +258,8 @@ class UserRuntime {
             'like',
             'comment_like',
             'views',
-            'pay_income',
-            'pay_rebate',
+			'creator_income',
+			'affiliate_commission',
             'manually_add',
         ];
 
diff --git a/src/User/AuthApply.php b/src/User/AuthApply.php
index 5ee7bfad..59883b3d 100644
--- a/src/User/AuthApply.php
+++ b/src/User/AuthApply.php
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class AuthApply {
             'msg' => (string) ($application['manual_reason'] ?? ''),
             'type' => (string) ($application['type'] ?? ''),
             'time' => (string) ($application['created_at'] ?? ''),
-            'fee' => (float) ($application['fee_amount'] ?? 0),
+			'fee' => (string) ($application['fee_amount'] ?? '0.00'),
             '_application' => $application,
         ];
     }
diff --git a/src/User/Badges.php b/src/User/Badges.php
index 4fa79661..bf41c06e 100644
--- a/src/User/Badges.php
+++ b/src/User/Badges.php
@@ -609,9 +609,25 @@ class Badges {
 			if ($type === '' || $type === 'manually_add') {
 				continue;
 			}
-			$need = max(0, (float) ($item['get_val'] ?? 0));
-			$have = (float) self::metric_value($user_id, $type);
-			if ($have >= $need) {
+			if (in_array($type, ['creator_income', 'affiliate_commission'], true)) {
+				try {
+					$need_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance((string) ($item['get_val'] ?? '0'))->minor();
+				} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				$reason = $type;
+				$have_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->sum_positive(
+					$user_id,
+					\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE,
+					$reason
+				);
+				$qualified = $have_minor >= $need_minor;
+			} else {
+				$need = max(0, (float) ($item['get_val'] ?? 0));
+				$have = (float) self::metric_value($user_id, $type);
+				$qualified = $have >= $need;
+			}
+			if ($qualified) {
 				self::grant($user_id, $slug, 0);
 				$owned_map[$slug] = true;
 			}
@@ -678,12 +694,6 @@ class Badges {
 				}
 				return $sum;
 
-			case 'pay_income':
-				return (float) get_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_pay_income_sum', true);
-
-			case 'pay_rebate':
-				return (float) get_user_meta($user_id, 'aksrt_pay_rebate_sum', true);
-
 			default:
 				return 0.0;
 		}
diff --git a/src/User/BalanceAdmin.php b/src/User/BalanceAdmin.php
index e1eb3ff7..c669c31d 100644
--- a/src/User/BalanceAdmin.php
+++ b/src/User/BalanceAdmin.php
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class BalanceAdmin {
 		add_filter('manage_users_columns', [$this, 'add_column']);
 		add_filter('manage_users_custom_column', [$this, 'render_column'], 10, 3);
 		add_filter('manage_users_sortable_columns', [$this, 'sortable']);
-		add_action('pre_get_users', [$this, 'sort_users']);
+		add_action('pre_user_query', [$this, 'sort_users']);
 		add_action('show_user_profile', [$this, 'render_section']);
 		add_action('edit_user_profile', [$this, 'render_section']);
 		add_action('personal_options_update', [$this, 'handle_update']);
@@ -38,8 +38,13 @@ class BalanceAdmin {
 		return current_user_can('manage_options');
 	}
 
+	private function enabled(): bool {
+		$cfg = class_exists('\\AKSRT\\Settings\\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings() : [];
+		return !empty($cfg['enabled']);
+	}
+
 	public function add_column(array $columns): array {
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') || !\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled()) {
+		if (!$this->enabled()) {
 			return $columns;
 		}
 		$columns['aksrt_wallet_balance'] = __('现金余额', 'aksrt');
@@ -50,10 +55,7 @@ class BalanceAdmin {
 		if ($column_name !== 'aksrt_wallet_balance') {
 			return $output;
 		}
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance')) {
-			return '—';
-		}
-		return '<strong>' . esc_html(\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format(\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::balance($user_id))) . '</strong>';
+		return '<strong>' . esc_html(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE))->formatted()) . '</strong>';
 	}
 
 	public function sortable(array $columns): array {
@@ -62,38 +64,42 @@ class BalanceAdmin {
 	}
 
 	public function sort_users($query): void {
-		if (!is_admin() || $query->get('orderby') !== 'aksrt_wallet_balance') {
+		if (!is_admin() || ($query->query_vars['orderby'] ?? '') !== 'aksrt_wallet_balance') {
 			return;
 		}
-		$query->set('meta_key', 'aksrt_balance');
-		$query->set('orderby', 'meta_value_num');
+		global $wpdb;
+		$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('asset_account');
+		$query->query_from .= $wpdb->prepare(" LEFT JOIN {$table} aksrt_cash_account ON aksrt_cash_account.user_id = {$wpdb->users}.ID AND aksrt_cash_account.asset = %s", \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE->value);
+		$order = strtoupper((string) ($query->query_vars['order'] ?? 'DESC')) === 'ASC' ? 'ASC' : 'DESC';
+		$query->query_orderby = "ORDER BY COALESCE(aksrt_cash_account.balance_minor, 0) {$order}";
 	}
 
 	public function render_section(\WP_User $user): void {
-		if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') || !\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled()) {
+		if (!$this->enabled()) {
 			return;
 		}
-		$balance = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::balance((int) $user->ID);
+		$balance_minor = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance((int) $user->ID, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE);
 		$can     = $this->can_manage();
-		$log     = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::get_log(['user_id' => (int) $user->ID, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 8]);
+		$log     = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['user_id' => (int) $user->ID, 'asset' => 'balance', 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 8]);
 		?>
 		<a id="aksrt-user-wallet"></a>
 		<h2><?php esc_html_e('现金钱包（AKSRT）', 'aksrt'); ?></h2>
 		<table class="form-table" role="presentation">
 			<tr>
 				<th><?php esc_html_e('当前余额', 'aksrt'); ?></th>
-				<td><strong style="font-size:18px;"><?php echo esc_html(\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format($balance)); ?></strong> <?php esc_html_e('元', 'aksrt'); ?></td>
+				<td><strong style="font-size:18px;"><?php echo esc_html(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $balance_minor)->formatted()); ?></strong> <?php esc_html_e('元', 'aksrt'); ?></td>
 			</tr>
 			<?php if ($can) : ?>
 			<tr>
 				<th><?php esc_html_e('调整余额', 'aksrt'); ?></th>
 				<td>
-					<?php wp_nonce_field('aksrt_user_balance_adjust_' . (int) $user->ID, '_aksrt_balance_nonce'); ?>
-					<label for="aksrt_balance_delta"><?php esc_html_e('变动金额（正数=增加，负数=扣减）', 'aksrt'); ?></label><br>
-					<input type="number" step="0.01" name="aksrt_balance_delta" id="aksrt_balance_delta" value="" class="regular-text" />
+					<?php wp_nonce_field('aksrt_user_cash_adjust_' . (int) $user->ID, '_aksrt_cash_nonce'); ?>
+					<input type="hidden" name="aksrt_cash_operation_key" value="<?php echo esc_attr(wp_generate_uuid4()); ?>">
+					<label for="aksrt_cash_delta"><?php esc_html_e('变动金额（正数=增加，负数=扣减）', 'aksrt'); ?></label><br>
+					<input type="number" step="0.01" name="aksrt_cash_delta" id="aksrt_cash_delta" value="" class="regular-text" />
 					<p>
-						<label for="aksrt_balance_reason"><?php esc_html_e('备注', 'aksrt'); ?></label><br>
-						<input type="text" name="aksrt_balance_reason" id="aksrt_balance_reason" class="regular-text" />
+						<label for="aksrt_cash_reason"><?php esc_html_e('备注', 'aksrt'); ?></label><br>
+						<input type="text" name="aksrt_cash_reason" id="aksrt_cash_reason" class="regular-text" />
 					</p>
 					<p class="description"><?php esc_html_e('保存用户资料时生效，并写入余额流水。', 'aksrt'); ?></p>
 				</td>
@@ -109,9 +115,9 @@ class BalanceAdmin {
 							<?php foreach ($log['items'] as $row) : ?>
 								<tr>
 									<td><?php echo esc_html(get_date_from_gmt((string) ($row['created_at'] ?? ''), 'Y-m-d H:i')); ?></td>
-									<td><?php echo esc_html(($row['delta'] > 0 ? '+' : '') . \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format((float) $row['delta'])); ?></td>
-									<td><?php echo esc_html(\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::format((float) ($row['balance_after'] ?? 0))); ?></td>
-									<td><?php echo esc_html(\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::reason_label((string) ($row['reason'] ?? ''))); ?></td>
+									<td><?php echo esc_html(((int) $row['delta_minor'] > 0 ? '+' : '-') . \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, abs((int) $row['delta_minor']))->formatted()); ?></td>
+									<td><?php echo esc_html(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::from_minor(\AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, (int) ($row['balance_after_minor'] ?? 0))->formatted()); ?></td>
+									<td><?php echo esc_html(\AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerPresentation::reason_label((string) ($row['reason'] ?? ''))); ?></td>
 								</tr>
 							<?php endforeach; ?>
 							</tbody>
@@ -126,27 +132,33 @@ class BalanceAdmin {
 	}
 
 	public function handle_update(int $user_id): void {
-		if (!$this->can_manage() || !class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') || !\AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled()) {
+		if (!$this->can_manage() || !$this->enabled()) {
 			return;
 		}
-		if (empty($_POST['_aksrt_balance_nonce']) || !wp_verify_nonce(sanitize_text_field(wp_unslash((string) $_POST['_aksrt_balance_nonce'])), 'aksrt_user_balance_adjust_' . $user_id)) {
+		if (!current_user_can('edit_user', $user_id)) {
 			return;
 		}
-		if (!isset($_POST['aksrt_balance_delta']) || $_POST['aksrt_balance_delta'] === '') {
+		if (empty($_POST['_aksrt_cash_nonce']) || !wp_verify_nonce(sanitize_text_field(wp_unslash((string) $_POST['_aksrt_cash_nonce'])), 'aksrt_user_cash_adjust_' . $user_id)) {
 			return;
 		}
-		$delta = round((float) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_balance_delta']), 2);
-		if (abs($delta) < 0.0001) {
+		if (!isset($_POST['aksrt_cash_delta']) || $_POST['aksrt_cash_delta'] === '') {
 			return;
 		}
-		$reason = isset($_POST['aksrt_balance_reason'])
-			? sanitize_text_field(wp_unslash((string) $_POST['aksrt_balance_reason']))
+		$raw_delta = trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_cash_delta']));
+		$negative = str_starts_with($raw_delta, '-');
+		try { $amount = \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount::balance($negative ? substr($raw_delta, 1) : $raw_delta); }
+		catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) { return; }
+		if ($amount->minor() <= 0) return;
+		$reason = isset($_POST['aksrt_cash_reason'])
+			? sanitize_text_field(wp_unslash((string) $_POST['aksrt_cash_reason']))
 			: __('管理员调整', 'aksrt');
-		if ($delta > 0) {
-			$result = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::add($user_id, $delta, 'admin', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => get_current_user_id()], $reason);
-		} else {
-			$result = \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::deduct($user_id, abs($delta), 'admin', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => get_current_user_id()], $reason);
-		}
+		$request_key = isset($_POST['aksrt_cash_operation_key']) ? sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_cash_operation_key'])) : '';
+		if (!wp_is_uuid($request_key)) return;
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('admin-balance-adjustment', [get_current_user_id(), $request_key]);
+		$ledger = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance();
+		$result = $negative
+			? $ledger->debit($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $amount->minor(), $operation_key, 'admin_adjustment', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id], $reason, get_current_user_id())
+			: $ledger->credit($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::BALANCE, $amount->minor(), $operation_key, 'admin_adjustment', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id], $reason, get_current_user_id());
 		if (is_wp_error($result)) {
 			set_transient('aksrt_admin_notice_' . get_current_user_id(), [[
 				'type' => 'error',
diff --git a/src/User/Center.php b/src/User/Center.php
index 95f5254f..98624474 100644
--- a/src/User/Center.php
+++ b/src/User/Center.php
@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@ class Center {
         $level_on = class_exists('\AKSRT\User\Level')
             && !empty(\AKSRT\User\Level::settings()['enabled']);
         $credits_on = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') && \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::credits_enabled();
-        $balance_on = class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Balance') && \AKSRT\Credits\Balance::enabled();
+		$recharge = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_payment_recharge_settings() : [];
+		$balance_on = !empty($recharge['enabled']);
         $revenue_tab_on = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')
             && \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::referral_enabled();
         $creator_tab_on = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings')
diff --git a/src/User/CreditsAdmin.php b/src/User/CreditsAdmin.php
index 6ad713e6..b8c0f55e 100644
--- a/src/User/CreditsAdmin.php
+++ b/src/User/CreditsAdmin.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
         add_filter('manage_users_columns', [$this, 'add_balance_column']);
         add_filter('manage_users_custom_column', [$this, 'render_balance_column'], 10, 3);
         add_filter('manage_users_sortable_columns', [$this, 'make_balance_sortable']);
-        add_action('pre_get_users', [$this, 'sort_users_by_credits']);
+		add_action('pre_user_query', [$this, 'sort_users_by_credits']);
         add_filter('user_row_actions', [$this, 'add_row_actions'], 30, 2);
 
         add_action('show_user_profile', [$this, 'render_user_credits_section']);
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
 
     public function add_balance_column(array $columns): array {
         $currency_name = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_currency_name() : __('积分', 'aksrt');
-        $columns['aksrt_credits_balance'] = sprintf(__('%s余额', 'aksrt'), $currency_name);
+		$columns['aksrt_points_balance'] = sprintf(__('%s余额', 'aksrt'), $currency_name);
         $columns['aksrt_user_commerce'] = __('资产/分成', 'aksrt');
         return $columns;
     }
@@ -48,20 +48,14 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
         if ($column_name === 'aksrt_user_commerce') {
             return $this->render_commerce_column($user_id);
         }
-        if ($column_name !== 'aksrt_credits_balance') {
+		if ($column_name !== 'aksrt_points_balance') {
             return $output;
         }
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-            return '—';
-        }
-
-        $balance = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($user_id);
+		$balance = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS);
         return '<strong>' . esc_html((string) $balance) . '</strong>';
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Compact commerce snapshot: VIP, revenue, rebate, download logs link.
-     */
+	/** Compact commerce snapshot: VIP, creator revenue, and operational links. */
     private function render_commerce_column(int $user_id): string {
         $bits = [];
         if (function_exists('aksrt_get_user_vip_level')) {
@@ -74,34 +68,26 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
             $stats = \AKSRT\Payment\Revenue::get_instance()->get_stats($user_id);
             $cash = (array) ($stats['cash'] ?? []);
             $points = (array) ($stats['points'] ?? []);
-            if ((float) ($cash['total'] ?? 0) > 0 || (float) ($cash['pending'] ?? 0) > 0) {
+			if ((string) ($cash['total'] ?? '0.00') !== '0.00' || (string) ($cash['pending'] ?? '0.00') !== '0.00') {
                 $bits[] = sprintf(
                     /* translators: 1 total 2 pending */
                     esc_html__('现金分成 ¥%1$s（待结 ¥%2$s）', 'aksrt'),
-                    number_format((float) ($cash['total'] ?? 0), 2),
-                    number_format((float) ($cash['pending'] ?? 0), 2)
+					(string) ($cash['total'] ?? '0.00'),
+					(string) ($cash['pending'] ?? '0.00')
                 );
             }
-            if ((float) ($points['total'] ?? 0) > 0 || (float) ($points['pending'] ?? 0) > 0) {
+			if ((int) ($points['total'] ?? 0) > 0 || (int) ($points['pending'] ?? 0) > 0) {
                 $bits[] = sprintf(
                     /* translators: 1 total 2 pending */
                     esc_html__('积分分成 %1$s（待结 %2$s）', 'aksrt'),
-                    number_format((float) ($points['total'] ?? 0), 0),
-                    number_format((float) ($points['pending'] ?? 0), 0)
+					number_format_i18n((int) ($points['total'] ?? 0)),
+					number_format_i18n((int) ($points['pending'] ?? 0))
                 );
             }
             if ($bits) {
                 $bits[] = '<a href="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin.php?page=aksrt_income&user_id=' . $user_id)) . '">' . esc_html__('分成明细', 'aksrt') . '</a>';
             }
         }
-        if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\Rebate')) {
-            $list = \AKSRT\Payment\Rebate::get_instance()->get_list(['user_id' => $user_id, 'limit' => 1]);
-            $total_r = (int) ($list['total'] ?? 0);
-            if ($total_r > 0) {
-                $bits[] = sprintf(esc_html__('返佣 %d 笔', 'aksrt'), $total_r);
-                $bits[] = '<a href="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin.php?page=aksrt_rebate&user_id=' . $user_id)) . '">' . esc_html__('返佣', 'aksrt') . '</a>';
-            }
-        }
         $bits[] = '<a href="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin.php?page=aksrt_download_logs&user_id=' . $user_id)) . '">' . esc_html__('下载记录', 'aksrt') . '</a>';
         $bits[] = '<a href="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin.php?page=aksrt_orders&user_id=' . $user_id)) . '">' . esc_html__('订单', 'aksrt') . '</a>';
 
@@ -112,19 +98,19 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
     }
 
     public function make_balance_sortable(array $columns): array {
-        $columns['aksrt_credits_balance'] = 'aksrt_credits_balance';
+		$columns['aksrt_points_balance'] = 'aksrt_points_balance';
         return $columns;
     }
 
     public function sort_users_by_credits($query): void {
-        if (!is_admin()) {
+		if (!is_admin() || ($query->query_vars['orderby'] ?? '') !== 'aksrt_points_balance') {
             return;
         }
-        if ($query->get('orderby') !== 'aksrt_credits_balance') {
-            return;
-        }
-        $query->set('meta_key', 'aksrt_credits');
-        $query->set('orderby', 'meta_value_num');
+		global $wpdb;
+		$table = \AKSRT\Core\DBMigrator::table('asset_account');
+		$query->query_from .= $wpdb->prepare(" LEFT JOIN {$table} aksrt_points_account ON aksrt_points_account.user_id = {$wpdb->users}.ID AND aksrt_points_account.asset = %s", \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS->value);
+		$order = strtoupper((string) ($query->query_vars['order'] ?? 'DESC')) === 'ASC' ? 'ASC' : 'DESC';
+		$query->query_orderby = "ORDER BY COALESCE(aksrt_points_account.balance_minor, 0) {$order}";
     }
 
     // ========== 用户列表：行操作 ==========
@@ -155,11 +141,7 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
     // ========== 用户编辑页：积分管理区块 ==========
 
     public function render_user_credits_section(\WP_User $user): void {
-        if (!class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $balance = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance((int) $user->ID);
+		$balance = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance((int) $user->ID, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS);
         $can_manage = $this->can_manage_credits();
         $currency_name = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::get_currency_name() : __('积分', 'aksrt');
         ?>
@@ -178,15 +160,16 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
             <tr>
                 <th><?php echo esc_html(sprintf(__('调整%s', 'aksrt'), $currency_name)); ?></th>
                 <td>
-                    <?php wp_nonce_field('aksrt_user_credits_adjust_' . (int) $user->ID, '_aksrt_credits_nonce'); ?>
+					<?php wp_nonce_field('aksrt_user_points_adjust_' . (int) $user->ID, '_aksrt_points_nonce'); ?>
+					<input type="hidden" name="aksrt_points_operation_key" value="<?php echo esc_attr(wp_generate_uuid4()); ?>">
                     <fieldset>
-                        <label for="aksrt_credits_delta" style="display:block;margin-bottom:6px;">
+						<label for="aksrt_points_delta" style="display:block;margin-bottom:6px;">
                             <?php esc_html_e('变动数量（正数=增加，负数=扣减）', 'aksrt'); ?>
                         </label>
                         <input
                             type="number"
-                            id="aksrt_credits_delta"
-                            name="aksrt_credits_delta"
+							id="aksrt_points_delta"
+							name="aksrt_points_delta"
                             class="regular-text"
                             min="-100000"
                             max="100000"
@@ -197,16 +180,16 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
                             <?php esc_html_e('填写 0 不会执行任何变更。', 'aksrt'); ?>
                         </p>
 
-                        <label for="aksrt_credits_reason" style="display:block;margin-bottom:6px;">
+						<label for="aksrt_points_reason" style="display:block;margin-bottom:6px;">
                             <?php esc_html_e('调整原因', 'aksrt'); ?>
                         </label>
                         <input
                             type="text"
-                            id="aksrt_credits_reason"
-                            name="aksrt_credits_reason"
+							id="aksrt_points_reason"
+							name="aksrt_points_reason"
                             class="regular-text"
                             maxlength="100"
-                            placeholder="<?php echo esc_attr__('例如：手工补偿 / 运营赠送 / 退款修正', 'aksrt'); ?>"
+							placeholder="<?php echo esc_attr__('例如：运营赠送 / 活动奖励 / 人工核账', 'aksrt'); ?>"
                         >
                         <p class="description">
                             <?php esc_html_e('勾选后点击页面底部"更新用户"保存即可生效。', 'aksrt'); ?>
@@ -220,17 +203,8 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
 
         <?php
         // ========== 近期积分流水 ==========
-        $log = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::get_log(['user_id' => (int) $user->ID, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 20]);
+		$log = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerQuery::get_instance()->history(['user_id' => (int) $user->ID, 'asset' => 'points', 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => 20]);
         $items = $log['items'] ?? [];
-        $reason_labels = [
-            'register'  => __('注册赠送', 'aksrt'),
-            'signin'    => __('每日签到', 'aksrt'),
-            'comment'   => __('评论奖励', 'aksrt'),
-            'referral'  => __('推广注册奖励', 'aksrt'),
-            'referral_new_user' => __('推广注册新用户奖励', 'aksrt'),
-            'download'  => __('下载消费', 'aksrt'),
-            'admin'     => __('管理员调整', 'aksrt'),
-        ];
         ?>
         <h3 style="margin-top:24px;"><?php echo esc_html(sprintf(__('近期%s流水', 'aksrt'), $currency_name)); ?></h3>
         <?php if (!empty($items)) : ?>
@@ -246,9 +220,9 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
             </thead>
             <tbody>
                 <?php foreach ($items as $row) :
-                    $delta = (int) $row['delta'];
+					$delta = (int) $row['delta_minor'];
                     $reason_key = (string) ($row['reason'] ?? '');
-                    $label = $reason_labels[$reason_key] ?? $reason_key;
+					$label = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerPresentation::reason_label($reason_key);
                 ?>
                 <tr>
                     <td><?php echo esc_html(get_date_from_gmt((string) $row['created_at'], 'Y-m-d H:i')); ?></td>
@@ -257,7 +231,7 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
                     <td style="color:<?php echo $delta >= 0 ? '#16a34a' : '#ef4444'; ?>; font-weight:600;">
                         <?php echo esc_html(($delta > 0 ? '+' : '') . $delta); ?>
                     </td>
-                    <td><?php echo esc_html((string) (int) $row['balance_after']); ?></td>
+					<td><?php echo esc_html((string) (int) $row['balance_after_minor']); ?></td>
                 </tr>
                 <?php endforeach; ?>
             </tbody>
@@ -270,23 +244,36 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
     // ========== 处理积分调整 ==========
 
     public function handle_user_credits_update(int $user_id): void {
-        if (!$this->can_manage_credits() || !class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
+		if (!$this->can_manage_credits()) {
             return;
         }
         if (!current_user_can('edit_user', $user_id)) {
             return;
         }
-        if (!isset($_POST['_aksrt_credits_nonce'])) {
+		if (!isset($_POST['_aksrt_points_nonce'])) {
             return;
         }
 
-        $nonce = sanitize_text_field((string) $_POST['_aksrt_credits_nonce']);
-        if (!wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'aksrt_user_credits_adjust_' . $user_id)) {
+		$nonce = sanitize_text_field((string) $_POST['_aksrt_points_nonce']);
+		if (!wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'aksrt_user_points_adjust_' . $user_id)) {
             return;
         }
 
-        $delta  = isset($_POST['aksrt_credits_delta']) ? (int) $_POST['aksrt_credits_delta'] : 0;
-        $reason = isset($_POST['aksrt_credits_reason']) ? sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_credits_reason'])) : '';
+		$raw_delta = isset($_POST['aksrt_points_delta'])
+			? trim((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_points_delta']))
+			: '';
+		$unsigned_delta = str_starts_with($raw_delta, '-') ? substr($raw_delta, 1) : $raw_delta;
+		$max_integer = (string) PHP_INT_MAX;
+		if (
+			!preg_match('/^-?(?:0|[1-9]\d*)$/', $raw_delta)
+			|| strlen($unsigned_delta) > strlen($max_integer)
+			|| (strlen($unsigned_delta) === strlen($max_integer) && strcmp($unsigned_delta, $max_integer) > 0)
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$delta = (int) $raw_delta;
+		$reason = isset($_POST['aksrt_points_reason']) ? sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_points_reason'])) : '';
+		$request_key = isset($_POST['aksrt_points_operation_key']) ? sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['aksrt_points_operation_key'])) : '';
 
         if ($delta === 0) {
             return;
@@ -300,11 +287,12 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
             return;
         }
 
-        if ($delta > 0) {
-            $result = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::add($user_id, $delta, 'admin', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => get_current_user_id()], $reason);
-        } else {
-            $result = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::deduct($user_id, abs($delta), 'admin', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => get_current_user_id()], $reason);
-        }
+		if (!wp_is_uuid($request_key)) return;
+		$operation_key = \AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey::deterministic('admin-points-adjustment', [get_current_user_id(), $request_key]);
+		$ledger = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance();
+		$result = $delta > 0
+			? $ledger->credit($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS, $delta, $operation_key, 'admin_adjustment', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id], $reason, get_current_user_id())
+			: $ledger->debit($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS, abs($delta), $operation_key, 'admin_adjustment', ['type' => 'user', 'id' => $user_id], $reason, get_current_user_id());
 
         if (is_wp_error($result)) {
             set_transient('aksrt_admin_notice_' . get_current_user_id(), [[
@@ -316,7 +304,7 @@ class CreditsAdmin {
 
         set_transient('aksrt_admin_notice_' . get_current_user_id(), [[
             'type' => 'success',
-            'msg'  => sprintf(__('%s调整成功，当前余额：%d', 'aksrt'), $currency_name, (int) $result),
+			'msg'  => sprintf(__('%s调整成功，当前余额：%d', 'aksrt'), $currency_name, $result->balance($user_id, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS)),
         ]], 30);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/User/Metrics.php b/src/User/Metrics.php
index 1dfcfdc4..13b52263 100644
--- a/src/User/Metrics.php
+++ b/src/User/Metrics.php
@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@ class Metrics {
 	public const META_POST_LIKE_SUM     = 'aksrt_posts_like_sum';
 	public const META_COMMENT_LIKE_SUM  = 'aksrt_comment_like_sum';
 	public const META_POSTS_VIEWS_SUM   = 'aksrt_posts_views_sum';
-	public const META_PAY_INCOME        = 'aksrt_pay_income_sum';
-	public const META_PAY_INCOME_POINTS = 'aksrt_pay_income_points_sum';
-	public const META_PAY_REBATE        = 'aksrt_pay_rebate_sum';
 	public const META_CHECKIN_ALL_DAY   = 'aksrt_checkin_all_day';
 
 	/** @var self|null */
@@ -34,8 +31,7 @@ class Metrics {
 		add_action('aksrt_post_viewed', [$this, 'on_post_viewed'], 20, 2);
 
 		add_action('aksrt_user_signed_in', [$this, 'on_user_signed_in'], 20, 1);
-		add_action('aksrt_creator_income_added', [$this, 'on_creator_income_added'], 20, 3);
-		add_action('aksrt_pay_rebate_added', [$this, 'on_pay_rebate_added'], 20, 3);
+		add_action('aksrt_asset_transaction_committed', [$this, 'on_asset_transaction_committed'], 20, 2);
 	}
 
 	public static function bump_user_meta(int $user_id, string $meta_key, float $delta = 1.0): float {
@@ -119,36 +115,23 @@ class Metrics {
 		self::reevaluate_medals($user_id);
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @param int   $user_id
-	 * @param float $amount
-	 * @param array $context
-	 */
-	public function on_creator_income_added($user_id, $amount, $context = []): void {
-		$currency = sanitize_key((string) ($context['currency'] ?? 'CNY'));
-		$user_id = (int) $user_id;
-		$amount  = (float) $amount;
-		if ($user_id <= 0 || $amount <= 0) {
+	public function on_asset_transaction_committed($result, $command): void {
+		if (!$result instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult || !$command instanceof \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerCommand) {
 			return;
 		}
-		$meta_key = $currency === 'points' ? self::META_PAY_INCOME_POINTS : self::META_PAY_INCOME;
-		self::bump_user_meta($user_id, $meta_key, $amount);
-		self::reevaluate_medals($user_id);
+		if (!in_array($command->reason, ['creator_income', 'affiliate_commission'], true)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$users = [];
+		foreach ($result->entries as $entry) {
+			$user_id = (int) ($entry['user_id'] ?? 0);
+			if ($user_id > 0 && (int) ($entry['delta_minor'] ?? 0) > 0) {
+				$users[$user_id] = true;
+			}
+		}
+		foreach (array_keys($users) as $user_id) {
+			self::reevaluate_medals((int) $user_id);
+		}
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * @param int   $user_id
-	 * @param float $amount
-	 * @param array $context
-	 */
-	public function on_pay_rebate_added($user_id, $amount, $context = []): void {
-		unset($context);
-		$user_id = (int) $user_id;
-		$amount  = (float) $amount;
-		if ($user_id <= 0 || $amount <= 0) {
-			return;
-		}
-		self::bump_user_meta($user_id, self::META_PAY_REBATE, $amount);
-		self::reevaluate_medals($user_id);
-	}
 }
diff --git a/src/WidgetSystem/Renderers/UserRenderer.php b/src/WidgetSystem/Renderers/UserRenderer.php
index fa8eaa80..44d47b3b 100644
--- a/src/WidgetSystem/Renderers/UserRenderer.php
+++ b/src/WidgetSystem/Renderers/UserRenderer.php
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ final class UserRenderer {
 	private static function metric(\WP_User $user, string $metric): int {
 		$id = (int) $user->ID;
 		if ($metric === 'points') {
-			return function_exists('aksrt_user_credits') ? (int) aksrt_user_credits($id) : 0;
+			return aksrt_user_points($id);
 		}
 		if ($metric === 'followers') {
 			return class_exists('AKSRT\\User\\Follow') ? (int) \AKSRT\User\Follow::get_instance()->get_follower_count($id) : 0;
diff --git a/templates/pages/page-download.php b/templates/pages/page-download.php
index e4795d49..193e0589 100644
--- a/templates/pages/page-download.php
+++ b/templates/pages/page-download.php
@@ -52,9 +52,7 @@ $user_credits = 0;
 $user_download_count = 0;
 if ($is_logged_in) {
     $uid = get_current_user_id();
-    if (class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits')) {
-        $user_credits = \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance($uid);
-    }
+	$user_credits = \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance($uid, \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS);
     $dl_meta = get_user_meta($uid, '_aksrt_downloaded_resources', true);
     $user_download_count = is_array($dl_meta) ? count($dl_meta) : 0;
 }
diff --git a/templates/pages/page-messages.php b/templates/pages/page-messages.php
index c002b250..6b61cdf0 100644
--- a/templates/pages/page-messages.php
+++ b/templates/pages/page-messages.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * Template Post Type: page
  *
  * 独立消息中心页面 — 两栏布局（左侧导航 + 右侧消息列表）
- * 对齐 legacy msg-center：未读 / 评论 / 系统
+ * 展示未读、评论、资产、交易与系统通知。
  *
  * @package AKSRT
  */
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ $all_notifications = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_all_notifications')
 
 $current_type = isset($_GET['msg_type']) ? sanitize_key(wp_unslash((string) $_GET['msg_type'])) : 'unread';
 
-// 类型分组：对齐 legacy 主 tab 语义，同时兼容历史 type 键。
+// 通知类型分组。
 $type_groups = [
 	'unread' => null, // special: !read
 	'all'    => null, // special: all
 	'comment' => ['comment_reply', 'comment_approved', 'pending_comments'],
-	'credits' => ['credits_added', 'credits_deducted'],
+	'credits' => ['asset_points_increase', 'asset_points_decrease', 'asset_balance_increase', 'asset_balance_decrease'],
 	'pay'     => ['pay', 'order_paid', 'order_refund', 'shop_order', 'after_sale'],
 	'vip'     => ['vip', 'pay_vip', 'vip_expire', 'vip_upgrade'],
 	'medal'   => ['medal', 'badge', 'level_up'],
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ $type_groups = [
 
 $allowed_types = array_keys($type_groups);
 if (!in_array($current_type, $allowed_types, true)) {
-	// 兼容旧 URL：msg_type=comment_reply 等
 	$mapped = 'all';
 	foreach ($type_groups as $group => $types) {
 		if (is_array($types) && in_array($current_type, $types, true)) {
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ $nav_items = [
 		'unread'     => __('未读消息', 'aksrt'),
 		'all'        => __('全部消息', 'aksrt'),
 		'comment'    => __('评论互动', 'aksrt'),
-		'credits'    => __('积分动态', 'aksrt'),
+		'credits'    => __('资产动态', 'aksrt'),
 		'pay'        => __('交易通知', 'aksrt'),
 		'vip'        => __('会员动态', 'aksrt'),
 		'medal'      => __('徽章等级', 'aksrt'),
@@ -131,8 +130,10 @@ $nav_items = [
 	$icon_map = [
 	'comment_reply'     => 'fa fas fa-comment-dots',
 	'comment_approved'  => 'fa fas fa-check-circle',
-	'credits_added'     => 'fa fas fa-money-bill',
-	'credits_deducted'  => 'fa fas fa-money-bill',
+	'asset_points_increase'  => 'fa fas fa-coins',
+	'asset_points_decrease'  => 'fa fas fa-coins',
+	'asset_balance_increase' => 'fa fas fa-wallet',
+	'asset_balance_decrease' => 'fa fas fa-wallet',
 	'download_ready'    => 'fa fas fa-download',
 	'upload_moderation' => 'fa fas fa-image',
 	'verify_email'      => 'fa fas fa-envelope-open',
diff --git a/templates/parts/resource-download-box.php b/templates/parts/resource-download-box.php
index 34fde68a..d6a810b0 100644
--- a/templates/parts/resource-download-box.php
+++ b/templates/parts/resource-download-box.php
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ $user_amount = is_array($priced) ? (float) ($priced['amount'] ?? 0) : (float) ($
 $cost = function_exists('aksrt_resource_download_cost') ? (int) aksrt_resource_download_cost($post_id) : 0;
 
 $captcha_active = function_exists('aksrt_is_captcha_enabled_for') && aksrt_is_captcha_enabled_for('download');
-$balance = (int) ($gate_data['balance'] ?? (is_user_logged_in() && class_exists('\AKSRT\Credits\Credits') ? \AKSRT\Credits\Credits::balance(get_current_user_id()) : 0));
+$balance = (int) ($gate_data['balance'] ?? (is_user_logged_in() ? \AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerService::get_instance()->balance(get_current_user_id(), \AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType::POINTS) : 0));
 $login_url = (string) ($gate_data['login_url'] ?? wp_login_url(get_permalink($post_id)));
 $vip_url = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_center_tab_url')
 		? aksrt_get_user_center_tab_url('credits')
diff --git a/templates/parts/user-home/panel-credits.php b/templates/parts/user-home/panel-credits.php
index 54ac723b..dccb9f27 100644
--- a/templates/parts/user-home/panel-credits.php
+++ b/templates/parts/user-home/panel-credits.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ if (empty($credits_enabled) || empty($is_own_profile)) {
 ?>
 <div class="user-home-balance-card">
 	<p class="user-home-balance-card__label"><?php echo esc_html(sprintf(__('当前%s余额', 'aksrt'), $currency_name)); ?></p>
-	<div class="user-home-balance-card__value"><?php echo esc_html(aksrt_format_credits($credit_balance)); ?></div>
+	<div class="user-home-balance-card__value"><?php echo esc_html(aksrt_format_points($credit_balance)); ?></div>
 	<p class="user-home-balance-card__hint"><?php esc_html_e('完整账单和赚取/消费记录请在用户中心查看。', 'aksrt'); ?></p>
 	<a href="<?php echo esc_url(aksrt_get_user_center_url('credits')); ?>" class="btn-outline btn-sm"><?php esc_html_e('进入用户中心', 'aksrt'); ?></a>
 </div>
diff --git a/templates/shortcodes/profile.php b/templates/shortcodes/profile.php
index ccd83f6f..1b420910 100644
--- a/templates/shortcodes/profile.php
+++ b/templates/shortcodes/profile.php
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ if (!($user instanceof WP_User) || $user->ID <= 0) {
 $user_id   = (int) $user->ID;
 $avatar    = function_exists('aksrt_get_avatar_url') ? aksrt_get_avatar_url($user_id, ['size' => 96]) : get_avatar_url($user_id, ['size' => 96]);
 $home_url  = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_home_url') ? aksrt_get_user_home_url($user) : get_author_posts_url($user_id);
-$credits   = function_exists('aksrt_user_credits') ? (int) aksrt_user_credits($user_id) : 0;
+$credits   = aksrt_user_points($user_id);
 $post_count = (int) count_user_posts($user_id, 'post', true);
 $bio       = function_exists('aksrt_get_user_description') ? aksrt_get_user_description($user_id) : (string) get_the_author_meta('description', $user_id);
 $show_credits = class_exists('\AKSRT\Settings\Settings') ? \AKSRT\Settings\Settings::credits_enabled() : true;
diff --git a/tests/asset-ledger/AssetAmountTest.php b/tests/asset-ledger/AssetAmountTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b991dd56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/asset-ledger/AssetAmountTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<?php
+
+use AKSRT\Ledger\AssetAmount;
+use AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class AssetAmountTest extends TestCase {
+	#[DataProvider('validBalanceProvider')]
+	public function test_balance_parses_exact_decimal_strings(string $input, int $minor, string $decimal): void {
+		$amount = AssetAmount::balance($input);
+		self::assertSame(AssetType::BALANCE, $amount->asset());
+		self::assertSame($minor, $amount->minor());
+		self::assertSame($decimal, $amount->decimal());
+	}
+
+	public static function validBalanceProvider(): array {
+		return [
+			'zero' => ['0', 0, '0.00'],
+			'one decimal' => ['12.3', 1230, '12.30'],
+			'two decimals' => ['12.34', 1234, '12.34'],
+			'integer' => ['999', 99900, '999.00'],
+		];
+	}
+
+	#[DataProvider('invalidBalanceProvider')]
+	public function test_balance_rejects_non_canonical_input(string $input): void {
+		$this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		AssetAmount::balance($input);
+	}
+
+	public static function invalidBalanceProvider(): array {
+		return [
+			'negative' => ['-1.00'],
+			'float precision' => ['1.001'],
+			'scientific notation' => ['1e2'],
+			'leading zero' => ['01.00'],
+			'leading decimal' => ['.50'],
+			'trailing decimal' => ['1.'],
+			'plus sign' => ['+1.00'],
+			'comma' => ['1,00'],
+			'empty' => [''],
+		];
+	}
+
+	public function test_balance_rejects_integer_overflow(): void {
+		$this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		AssetAmount::balance((string) PHP_INT_MAX . '.99');
+	}
+
+	public function test_points_are_integer_minor_units(): void {
+		self::assertSame(37, AssetAmount::points(37)->minor());
+		self::assertSame('37', AssetAmount::points(37)->decimal());
+	}
+
+	public function test_negative_points_are_rejected(): void {
+		$this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		AssetAmount::points(-1);
+	}
+
+	public function test_balance_minor_helpers_do_not_use_floats(): void {
+		self::assertSame(1234, AssetAmount::balance_minor('12.34'));
+		self::assertSame('12.34', AssetAmount::decimal_from_minor(1234));
+	}
+
+	public function test_percentage_rounds_half_up_in_minor_units(): void {
+		self::assertSame(266, AssetAmount::percentage(333, 80));
+		self::assertSame(1, AssetAmount::percentage(1, 50));
+		self::assertSame(0, AssetAmount::percentage(1, 49));
+	}
+
+	public function test_percentage_rejects_out_of_range_values(): void {
+		$this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		AssetAmount::percentage(100, 101);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/asset-ledger/LedgerCommandTest.php b/tests/asset-ledger/LedgerCommandTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce319d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/asset-ledger/LedgerCommandTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+<?php
+
+use AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType;
+use AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerCommand;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class LedgerCommandTest extends TestCase {
+	public function test_transfer_splits_principal_fee_and_net_receipt(): void {
+		$command = LedgerCommand::transfer(
+			'client-transfer:1:550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000',
+			'transfer',
+			10,
+			20,
+			AssetType::BALANCE,
+			1000,
+			125
+		);
+
+		self::assertSame([-875, -125, 875], array_column($command->entries, 'delta_minor'));
+		self::assertSame(['transfer_out', 'fee', 'transfer_in'], array_column($command->entries, 'entry_type'));
+		self::assertSame(1000, $command->metadata['gross_minor']);
+		self::assertSame(125, $command->metadata['fee_minor']);
+		self::assertSame(875, $command->metadata['net_minor']);
+		self::assertSame(-125, array_sum(array_column($command->entries, 'delta_minor')));
+	}
+
+	public function test_transfer_rejects_net_below_one_minor_unit(): void {
+		$this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		LedgerCommand::transfer('transfer:key', 'transfer', 1, 2, AssetType::POINTS, 10, 10);
+	}
+
+	public function test_transfer_rejects_negative_fee_before_arithmetic(): void {
+		$this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
+		LedgerCommand::transfer('transfer:key', 'transfer', 1, 2, AssetType::POINTS, PHP_INT_MAX, -1);
+	}
+
+	public function test_validation_returns_400_for_bad_operation_key(): void {
+		$command = new LedgerCommand('bad key', 'credit', [[
+			'user_id' => 1,
+			'asset' => 'points',
+			'delta_minor' => 1,
+			'entry_type' => 'credit',
+		]]);
+		$error = $command->validate();
+		self::assertInstanceOf(WP_Error::class, $error);
+		self::assertSame('aksrt_ledger_operation_key', $error->get_error_code());
+		self::assertSame(400, $error->get_error_data()['status']);
+	}
+
+	public function test_payload_hash_is_stable_for_metadata_key_order(): void {
+		$entries = [['user_id' => 1, 'asset' => 'points', 'delta_minor' => 2, 'entry_type' => 'credit']];
+		$first = new LedgerCommand('stable:key', 'credit', $entries, '', '', 0, ['b' => 2, 'a' => 1]);
+		$second = new LedgerCommand('stable:key', 'credit', $entries, '', '', 0, ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2]);
+		self::assertSame($first->payload_hash(), $second->payload_hash());
+	}
+
+	public function test_payload_hash_changes_with_business_payload(): void {
+		$first = new LedgerCommand('stable:key', 'credit', [[
+			'user_id' => 1,
+			'asset' => 'points',
+			'delta_minor' => 2,
+			'entry_type' => 'credit',
+		]]);
+		$second = new LedgerCommand('stable:key', 'credit', [[
+			'user_id' => 1,
+			'asset' => 'points',
+			'delta_minor' => 3,
+			'entry_type' => 'credit',
+		]]);
+		self::assertNotSame($first->payload_hash(), $second->payload_hash());
+	}
+
+	public function test_validation_rejects_empty_entries_and_invalid_asset(): void {
+		$empty = new LedgerCommand('empty:key', 'credit', []);
+		self::assertSame('aksrt_ledger_entries', $empty->validate()->get_error_code());
+
+		$invalid = new LedgerCommand('asset:key', 'credit', [[
+			'user_id' => 1,
+			'asset' => 'cash',
+			'delta_minor' => 1,
+			'entry_type' => 'credit',
+		]]);
+		self::assertSame('aksrt_ledger_asset', $invalid->validate()->get_error_code());
+	}
+
+	public function test_validation_requires_integer_non_zero_entry_values(): void {
+		foreach (['1', 0, PHP_INT_MIN] as $delta) {
+			$command = new LedgerCommand('entry:key', 'credit', [[
+				'user_id' => 1,
+				'asset' => 'points',
+				'delta_minor' => $delta,
+				'entry_type' => 'credit',
+			]]);
+			self::assertSame('aksrt_ledger_entry', $command->validate()->get_error_code());
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function test_validation_rejects_negative_actor_and_invalid_entry_type(): void {
+		$actor = new LedgerCommand('actor:key', 'credit', [[
+			'user_id' => 1,
+			'asset' => 'points',
+			'delta_minor' => 1,
+			'entry_type' => 'credit',
+		]], '', '', -1);
+		self::assertSame('aksrt_ledger_actor', $actor->validate()->get_error_code());
+
+		$type = new LedgerCommand('type:key', 'credit', [[
+			'user_id' => 1,
+			'asset' => 'points',
+			'delta_minor' => 1,
+			'entry_type' => 'Bad Type',
+		]]);
+		self::assertSame('aksrt_ledger_entry', $type->validate()->get_error_code());
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/asset-ledger/LedgerResultTest.php b/tests/asset-ledger/LedgerResultTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7c763c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/asset-ledger/LedgerResultTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?php
+
+use AKSRT\Ledger\AssetType;
+use AKSRT\Ledger\LedgerResult;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class LedgerResultTest extends TestCase {
+	public function test_balance_reads_integer_minor_units(): void {
+		$result = new LedgerResult(17, true, [], [
+			4 => ['points' => 25, 'balance' => 1234],
+		]);
+		self::assertSame(25, $result->balance(4, AssetType::POINTS));
+		self::assertSame(1234, $result->balance(4, AssetType::BALANCE));
+		self::assertSame(0, $result->balance(99, AssetType::BALANCE));
+		self::assertSame(17, $result->to_array()['transaction_id']);
+		self::assertTrue($result->to_array()['replayed']);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/asset-ledger/OperationKeyTest.php b/tests/asset-ledger/OperationKeyTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a8d480a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/asset-ledger/OperationKeyTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?php
+
+use AKSRT\Ledger\OperationKey;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class OperationKeyTest extends TestCase {
+	public function test_request_key_requires_uuid_header(): void {
+		$error = OperationKey::from_request(new WP_REST_Request(), 'transfer', 9);
+		self::assertInstanceOf(WP_Error::class, $error);
+		self::assertSame('aksrt_idempotency_key', $error->get_error_code());
+		self::assertSame(400, $error->get_error_data()['status']);
+	}
+
+	public function test_request_key_is_scoped_to_actor_and_operation(): void {
+		$request = new WP_REST_Request(['Idempotency-Key' => '550E8400-E29B-41D4-A716-446655440000']);
+		self::assertSame(
+			'client-transfer:9:550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000',
+			OperationKey::from_request($request, 'transfer', 9)
+		);
+	}
+
+	public function test_deterministic_key_is_stable_and_length_bounded(): void {
+		$key = OperationKey::deterministic('Revenue Settle', [42, str_repeat('A', 300)]);
+		self::assertSame($key, OperationKey::deterministic('Revenue Settle', [42, str_repeat('A', 300)]));
+		self::assertLessThanOrEqual(191, strlen($key));
+		self::assertMatchesRegularExpression('/^[a-z0-9:._-]+$/', $key);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/asset-ledger/bootstrap.php b/tests/asset-ledger/bootstrap.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b2db01f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/asset-ledger/bootstrap.php
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+<?php
+
+define('ABSPATH', __DIR__ . '/');
+
+if (!function_exists('__')) {
+	function __(string $text, string $domain = ''): string {
+		return $text;
+	}
+}
+if (!function_exists('sanitize_key')) {
+	function sanitize_key(string $key): string {
+		return strtolower((string) preg_replace('/[^a-z0-9_\-]/', '', $key));
+	}
+}
+if (!function_exists('wp_json_encode')) {
+	function wp_json_encode($value, int $flags = 0) {
+		return json_encode($value, $flags);
+	}
+}
+if (!function_exists('is_wp_error')) {
+	function is_wp_error($value): bool {
+		return $value instanceof WP_Error;
+	}
+}
+if (!function_exists('wp_is_uuid')) {
+	function wp_is_uuid($uuid, $version = null): bool {
+		$pattern = '/^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-([0-9a-f])[0-9a-f]{3}-[89ab][0-9a-f]{3}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i';
+		if (!is_string($uuid) || !preg_match($pattern, $uuid, $matches)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return $version === null || strtolower($matches[1]) === strtolower((string) $version);
+	}
+}
+if (!class_exists('WP_Error')) {
+	class WP_Error {
+		public function __construct(private string $code, private string $message = '', private $data = null) {}
+		public function get_error_code(): string { return $this->code; }
+		public function get_error_message(): string { return $this->message; }
+		public function get_error_data() { return $this->data; }
+	}
+}
+if (!class_exists('WP_REST_Request')) {
+	class WP_REST_Request {
+		/** @param array<string,string> $headers */
+		public function __construct(private array $headers = []) {}
+		public function get_header(string $name): string {
+			foreach ($this->headers as $key => $value) {
+				if (strcasecmp($key, $name) === 0) {
+					return $value;
+				}
+			}
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/src/Ledger/AssetType.php';
+require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/src/Ledger/AssetAmount.php';
+require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/src/Ledger/LedgerCommand.php';
+require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/src/Ledger/LedgerResult.php';
+require_once dirname(__DIR__, 2) . '/src/Ledger/OperationKey.php';
diff --git a/tests/widget-system/asset-ledger-contract.test.cjs b/tests/widget-system/asset-ledger-contract.test.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c5e3597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/widget-system/asset-ledger-contract.test.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+const test = require('node:test')
+const assert = require('node:assert/strict')
+const fs = require('node:fs')
+const path = require('node:path')
+
+const root = path.resolve(__dirname, '..', '..')
+
+function sourceFiles(dir) {
+  const out = []
+  for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(dir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+    if (entry.name === 'build' || entry.name === 'vendor' || entry.name === 'node_modules') continue
+    const full = path.join(dir, entry.name)
+    if (entry.isDirectory()) out.push(...sourceFiles(full))
+    else if (/\.(php|js|vue|cjs)$/.test(entry.name)) out.push(full)
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+test('old asset implementations and compatibility aliases are absent', () => {
+  assert.equal(fs.existsSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Credits', 'Credits.php')), false)
+  assert.equal(fs.existsSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Credits', 'Balance.php')), false)
+  assert.equal(fs.existsSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Payment', 'Rebate.php')), false)
+  assert.equal(fs.existsSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Admin', 'Native', 'PayRebate.php')), false)
+  assert.equal(fs.existsSync(path.join(root, 'assets', 'admin', 'src', 'pages', 'payment', 'PaymentRebate.vue')), false)
+  assert.equal(fs.existsSync(path.join(root, 'assets', 'admin', 'src', 'pages', 'payment', 'components', 'RebateDetailDrawer.vue')), false)
+
+  const files = [
+    ...sourceFiles(path.join(root, 'src')),
+    ...sourceFiles(path.join(root, 'inc')),
+    ...sourceFiles(path.join(root, 'assets', 'js')),
+	...sourceFiles(path.join(root, 'templates')),
+  ]
+  const forbidden = [
+    /aksrt_credits(?:\b|_)/,
+    /['"]aksrt_balance['"]/,
+    /\bcredit_log\b/,
+    /\bbalance_log\b/,
+    /aksrt_credits_(?:added|deducted)/,
+    /aksrt_balance_(?:added|deducted)/,
+	/credits_(?:added|deducted)/,
+    /points_pass_exchange_/,
+    /legacy_task_points/,
+    /transfer_refund|recovery_failed/,
+    /\bPayRebate\b/,
+    /\bPaymentRebate\b/,
+    /\bRebateDetailDrawer\b/,
+    /\brebate_log\b/,
+    /\/payment\/rebate(?:\b|\/)/,
+	/\bpay_rebate\b/,
+	/aksrtpay_rebate_page/,
+  ]
+  const violations = []
+  for (const file of files) {
+    const text = fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf8')
+    for (const pattern of forbidden) {
+      if (pattern.test(text)) violations.push(`${path.relative(root, file)}: ${pattern}`)
+    }
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(violations, [])
+})
+
+test('asset tables are InnoDB and operation keys are unique', () => {
+  const schema = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Core', 'DBMigratorPart2.php'), 'utf8')
+  for (const table of ['asset_account', 'asset_transaction', 'asset_entry']) {
+    assert.match(schema, new RegExp(`CREATE TABLE \\{\\$prefix\\}aksrt_${table} \\([\\s\\S]*?\\) ENGINE=InnoDB`))
+  }
+  assert.match(schema, /UNIQUE KEY uniq_operation_key \(operation_key\)/)
+  assert.match(schema, /UNIQUE KEY uniq_transaction_line \(transaction_id, line_no\)/)
+})
+
+test('user asset submissions send idempotency keys', () => {
+  const request = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'assets', 'js', 'core', 'request.js'), 'utf8')
+  assert.match(request, /createIdempotencyKey/)
+  for (const file of ['credits.js', 'reward.js', 'vip-purchase-coordinator.js', 'cms-download.js']) {
+    const source = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'assets', 'js', file), 'utf8')
+    assert.match(source, /Idempotency-Key/, `${file} must send Idempotency-Key`)
+  }
+})
+
+test('core asset paths never use floating-point money helpers', () => {
+  const files = [
+    'src/Ledger/AssetAmount.php',
+    'src/Ledger/LedgerCommand.php',
+    'src/Ledger/LedgerService.php',
+    'src/Credits/BalanceService.php',
+    'src/Credits/BalanceServiceCharge.php',
+    'src/Credits/BalanceServiceRest.php',
+    'src/Payment/BalanceGateway.php',
+    'src/Payment/ChargeCard.php',
+    'src/Payment/CommissionLedger.php',
+    'src/Payment/Revenue.php',
+    'src/Payment/Withdrawal.php',
+    'src/Admin/UserController.php',
+    'src/Content/PayRest.php',
+    'src/Content/VipServicePurchase.php',
+  ]
+  const forbidden = [/\(float\)/, /floatval\s*\(/, /round\s*\(/, /number_format\s*\(/]
+  const violations = []
+  for (const relative of files) {
+    const text = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, relative), 'utf8')
+    for (const pattern of forbidden) {
+      if (pattern.test(text)) violations.push(`${relative}: ${pattern}`)
+    }
+  }
+  assert.deepEqual(violations, [])
+})
+
+test('content preview is read-only while purchase requires an operation key', () => {
+  const source = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Content', 'PayRest.php'), 'utf8')
+  const previewStart = source.indexOf('public function rest_preview')
+  const purchaseStart = source.indexOf('public function rest_purchase')
+  const purchaseEnd = source.indexOf('public function rest_order_status', purchaseStart)
+  assert.ok(previewStart >= 0 && purchaseStart > previewStart && purchaseEnd > purchaseStart)
+  assert.doesNotMatch(source.slice(previewStart, purchaseStart), /OperationKey::from_request/)
+  assert.match(source.slice(purchaseStart, purchaseEnd), /OperationKey::from_request\(\$request, 'content-purchase'/)
+})
+
+test('native financial actions and REST adjustments carry UUID operation keys', () => {
+  const income = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Admin', 'Native', 'PayIncome.php'), 'utf8')
+  const withdrawals = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Admin', 'Native', 'PayWithdrawals.php'), 'utf8')
+  const points = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'User', 'CreditsAdmin.php'), 'utf8')
+  const balance = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'User', 'BalanceAdmin.php'), 'utf8')
+  const restUsers = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Admin', 'UserController.php'), 'utf8')
+  for (const source of [income, withdrawals, points, balance]) {
+    assert.match(source, /wp_generate_uuid4\(\)/)
+    assert.match(source, /wp_is_uuid\(/)
+  }
+	assert.match(points, /PHP_INT_MAX/)
+	assert.match(points, /preg_match\('\/\^-\?/)
+	assert.match(points, /strcmp\(\$unsigned_delta, \$max_integer\)/)
+	assert.match(points, /current_user_can\('edit_user', \$user_id\)/)
+	assert.match(balance, /current_user_can\('edit_user', \$user_id\)/)
+  assert.match(restUsers, /OperationKey::from_request\(\$request, 'admin-adjustment'/)
+	assert.match(restUsers, /current_user_can\('edit_user', \$user_id\)/)
+})
+
+test('charge cards have no legacy input or metadata aliases', () => {
+  const source = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Payment', 'ChargeCard.php'), 'utf8')
+  assert.doesNotMatch(source, /\$params\[['"]code['"]\]/)
+  assert.doesNotMatch(source, /\$data\[['"]code['"]\]/)
+  assert.doesNotMatch(source, /\$raw\[['"]vip_days['"]\]/)
+  assert.doesNotMatch(source, /\$raw\[['"]credits['"]\]/)
+  assert.match(source, /\$params\['password'\]/)
+  assert.match(source, /\$raw\['days'\]/)
+  assert.match(source, /\$raw\['points'\]/)
+})
+
+test('VIP card redemption is one locked transaction with bounded retry and replay checks', () => {
+  const source = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Payment', 'ChargeCard.php'), 'utf8')
+  const start = source.indexOf('private function redeem_vip_card')
+  const end = source.indexOf('private function vip_card_replay_result', start)
+  const method = source.slice(start, end)
+  assert.ok(start >= 0 && end > start)
+  assert.match(method, /for \(\$attempt = 1; \$attempt <= 3; \$attempt\+\+\)/)
+  assert.match(method, /START TRANSACTION/)
+  assert.match(method, /FOR UPDATE/)
+  assert.match(method, /request_key = %s FOR UPDATE/)
+  assert.match(method, /COMMIT/)
+  assert.match(method, /ROLLBACK/)
+  assert.match(method, /\[1205, 1213\]/)
+  assert.match(method, /vip_card_replay_result/)
+})
+
+test('admin ledger keeps cash minor values as decimal strings', () => {
+  const controller = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'src', 'Admin', 'UserController.php'), 'utf8')
+  const page = fs.readFileSync(path.join(root, 'assets', 'admin', 'src', 'pages', 'CmsCredits.vue'), 'utf8')
+  assert.match(controller, /asset_minor_for_response/)
+  assert.match(controller, /decimal_from_minor/)
+  assert.doesNotMatch(page, /\/\s*100(?:\D|$)/)
+})
diff --git a/uninstall.php b/uninstall.php
index 98e8f2ae..8abf6a69 100644
--- a/uninstall.php
+++ b/uninstall.php
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ global $wpdb;
 
 // ── Drop custom tables ──
 $tables = [
-    'aksrt_credit_log',
+    'aksrt_asset_entry',
+    'aksrt_asset_transaction',
+    'aksrt_asset_account',
     'aksrt_signin_log',
     'aksrt_invite',
     'aksrt_dl_token',