diff --git a/src/Admin/Native/PayOrders.php b/src/Admin/Native/PayOrders.php
index e8385a05..e0b62317 100644
--- a/src/Admin/Native/PayOrders.php
+++ b/src/Admin/Native/PayOrders.php
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class PayOrders {
         add_action('admin_post_aksrt_pay_update_order_note', [$this, 'handle_update_order_note']);
         add_action('admin_post_aksrt_pay_clear_closed_orders', [$this, 'handle_clear_closed_orders']);
         add_action('admin_post_aksrt_pay_delete_order', [$this, 'handle_delete_order']);
+        add_action('admin_post_aksrt_pay_refund_order', [$this, 'handle_refund_order']);
 		add_action('admin_post_aksrt_after_sale_update', [$this, 'handle_after_sale_status']);
     }
 
@@ -254,6 +255,15 @@ class PayOrders {
             echo '<td>' . esc_html((string) ($row['created_at'] ?? '')) . '<br><span class="description">' . esc_html((string) ($row['paid_at'] ?? '') ?: '—') . '</span></td>';
             echo '<td style="display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;">';
             echo '<a class="button button-small" href="' . esc_url($this->page_url('aksrt_orders', ['order' => $order_number])) . '">' . esc_html__('详情', 'aksrt') . '</a>';
+            // 已支付是已退款的唯一前置状态；退款仍需落到一条进行中的售后工单上。
+            if ($status_key === \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_STATUS_PAID) {
+                echo '<form method="post" action="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin-post.php')) . '" style="display:inline;" onsubmit="return confirm(\'' . esc_js(__('确认将该订单标记为已退款？不可恢复。', 'aksrt')) . '\');">';
+                echo '<input type="hidden" name="action" value="aksrt_pay_refund_order" />';
+                echo '<input type="hidden" name="order_number" value="' . esc_attr($order_number) . '" />';
+                wp_nonce_field('aksrt_pay_refund_order_' . $order_number);
+                submit_button(__('退款', 'aksrt'), 'small', '', false);
+                echo '</form>';
+            }
             $this->render_order_quick_status_buttons($order_number, $status_key);
             if ($status_key === 'closed') {
                 echo '<form method="post" action="' . esc_url(admin_url('admin-post.php')) . '" style="display:inline;" onsubmit="return confirm(\'' . esc_js(__('确认永久删除此订单？不可恢复。', 'aksrt')) . '\');">';
@@ -631,6 +641,47 @@ class PayOrders {
         exit;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 订单列表「退款」：把已支付订单推到已退款。退款必须落到一条进行中的售后工单上，
+     * 工单号由服务端按订单号反查，不经客户端传递。
+     */
+    public function handle_refund_order(): void {
+        if (!current_user_can(self::CAPABILITY)) {
+            wp_die(esc_html__('权限不足', 'aksrt'));
+        }
+
+        $order_number = isset($_POST['order_number']) ? sanitize_text_field((string) wp_unslash($_POST['order_number'])) : '';
+        check_admin_referer('aksrt_pay_refund_order_' . $order_number);
+
+        $code = 'order_refund_failed';
+        if ($order_number !== '' && class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository')) {
+            $repo  = \AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::get_instance();
+            $order = $repo->get($order_number);
+            if (!is_array($order)) {
+                $code = 'order_refund_missing';
+            } elseif ((string) ($order['status'] ?? '') !== \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_STATUS_PAID) {
+                $code = 'order_refund_not_paid';
+            } else {
+                $ticket = class_exists('\AKSRT\Payment\AfterSaleService')
+                    ? \AKSRT\Payment\AfterSaleService::get_instance()->find_active($order_number)
+                    : null;
+                if (!is_array($ticket)) {
+                    $code = 'order_refund_no_ticket';
+                } else {
+                    $ok = $repo->update_status($order_number, \AKSRT\Core\DomainModel::ORDER_STATUS_REFUNDED, [
+                        'allow_refund'  => true,
+                        'after_sale_id' => (int) ($ticket['id'] ?? 0),
+                        'note'          => __('管理员在订单列表中标记退款', 'aksrt'),
+                    ]);
+                    $code = $ok ? 'order_refunded' : 'order_refund_failed';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        wp_safe_redirect($this->page_url('aksrt_orders', ['aksrt_pay_msg' => $code]));
+        exit;
+    }
+
     public function handle_update_order_note(): void {
         if (!current_user_can(self::CAPABILITY)) {
             wp_die(esc_html__('权限不足', 'aksrt'));
@@ -769,6 +820,11 @@ class PayOrders {
         $map  = [
             'order_updated'            => __('订单状态已更新。', 'aksrt'),
             'order_failed'             => __('订单状态更新失败。', 'aksrt'),
+            'order_refunded'           => __('订单已标记为已退款。', 'aksrt'),
+            'order_refund_failed'      => __('订单标记退款失败。', 'aksrt'),
+            'order_refund_missing'     => __('订单不存在。', 'aksrt'),
+            'order_refund_not_paid'    => __('仅已支付订单可以标记退款。', 'aksrt'),
+            'order_refund_no_ticket'   => __('该订单没有进行中的售后工单，无法标记退款；请先在「售后服务」中处理。', 'aksrt'),
             'order_note_updated'       => __('订单备注已保存。', 'aksrt'),
             'order_note_failed'        => __('订单备注保存失败。', 'aksrt'),
             'orders_cleared'           => sprintf(
diff --git a/src/Payment/AfterSaleService.php b/src/Payment/AfterSaleService.php
index df22a245..4aa8c66a 100644
--- a/src/Payment/AfterSaleService.php
+++ b/src/Payment/AfterSaleService.php
@@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ final class AfterSaleService {
 		return $this->get($id);
 	}
 
-	/** @param array<int,array<string,mixed>> $entries */
-	private function find_active(string $number): ?array {
+	/** 该订单当前仍在处理中的售后工单（待审核/处理中），退款闸门只认它。 */
+	public function find_active(string $number): ?array {
 		global $wpdb;
 		$row = $wpdb->get_row($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$this->table()} WHERE order_number = %s AND status IN ('pending','processing') ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1", $number), ARRAY_A);
 		return is_array($row) ? $this->normalize($row) : null;
diff --git a/tests/dev/render-after-sales-harness.php b/tests/dev/render-after-sales-harness.php
index 2320d87a..79a60c6e 100644
--- a/tests/dev/render-after-sales-harness.php
+++ b/tests/dev/render-after-sales-harness.php
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 <?php
-// Dev harness: render the REAL PayOrders::render_after_sales_page() with WP stubs,
-// and drive PayOrders::handle_after_sale_status() through the 「标记订单已退款」 flow.
+// Dev harness: render the REAL PayOrders pages with WP stubs, and drive the refund
+// handlers through their scenarios.
 // Usage:
-//   php render-after-sales-harness.php            -> render page, write after-sales-rendered.html
+//   php render-after-sales-harness.php            -> after-sales page  -> after-sales-rendered.html
+//   php render-after-sales-harness.php orders     -> orders list page   -> orders-rendered.html
 //   php render-after-sales-harness.php <scenario> -> run one handler scenario, print JSON log
 namespace {
 define('ABSPATH', __DIR__ . '/');
@@ -54,9 +55,23 @@ function wp_die($m) { throw new Exception('wp_die: ' . $m); }
 function get_userdata($id) { return $id > 0 ? (object) ['display_name' => 'User' . $id] : null; }
 function get_the_title($id) { return 'Product' . $id; }
 function is_admin() { return true; }
+function paginate_links($args = []) { return ''; }
+}
+
+namespace AKSRT\Ledger {
+	final class AssetAmount {
+		public static function balance($value): self { return new self(); }
+		public function decimal(): string { return '0.00'; }
+	}
 }
 
 namespace AKSRT\Payment {
+	class Gateway {
+		private static $i;
+		public static function get_instance(): self { return self::$i ?: self::$i = new self(); }
+		public function get_all(): array { return ['balance' => (object) [], 'points' => (object) []]; }
+	}
+
 	class AfterSaleService {
 		public const STATUS_PENDING = 'pending';
 		public const STATUS_PROCESSING = 'processing';
@@ -77,6 +92,16 @@ namespace AKSRT\Payment {
 			\HarnessLog::add('can_finalize_order_refund', ['id' => $after_sale_id, 'order' => $order_number, 'ticket_status' => is_array($row) ? (string) ($row['status'] ?? '') : null, 'ok' => $ok]);
 			return $ok;
 		}
+		public function find_active(string $order_number): ?array {
+			$found = null;
+			foreach (self::$rows as $row) {
+				if ((string) ($row['order_number'] ?? '') !== $order_number) continue;
+				if (!in_array((string) ($row['status'] ?? ''), [self::STATUS_PENDING, self::STATUS_PROCESSING], true)) continue;
+				if ($found === null || (int) ($row['id'] ?? 0) > (int) ($found['id'] ?? 0)) $found = $row;
+			}
+			\HarnessLog::add('find_active', ['order' => $order_number, 'ticket' => $found === null ? null : (int) ($found['id'] ?? 0)]);
+			return $found;
+		}
 		public function set_status(int $id, string $status, string $note = '') {
 			\HarnessLog::add('set_status', ['id' => $id, 'status' => $status, 'note' => $note]);
 			if (!in_array($status, [self::STATUS_PENDING, self::STATUS_PROCESSING, self::STATUS_COMPLETED, self::STATUS_REJECTED, self::STATUS_CANCELLED], true)) {
@@ -96,10 +121,13 @@ namespace AKSRT\Payment {
 		public static array $orders = [];
 		public static function get_instance(): self { return self::$i ?: self::$i = new self(); }
 		public function get($n): ?array { return self::$orders[(string) $n] ?? null; }
+		public function get_orders_admin(array $args = [], string $search = ''): array { return array_values(self::$orders); }
+		public function get_orders_count(array $args = [], string $search = ''): int { return count(self::$orders); }
 		public function update_status(string $order_number, string $new_status, array $extra = []): bool {
 			\HarnessLog::add('update_status', ['order' => $order_number, 'status' => $new_status, 'extra' => $extra]);
 			// Mirrors OrderRepository::update_status(): refund needs allow_refund, an active
 			// after-sale id, and a valid paid -> refunded transition.
+			if ($new_status !== 'refunded') return true;
 			if (empty($extra['allow_refund'])) return false;
 			$order = self::$orders[$order_number] ?? null;
 			if (!is_array($order) || (string) ($order['status'] ?? '') !== 'paid') return false;
@@ -121,8 +149,42 @@ namespace AKSRT\Core {
 		public const ORDER_STATUS_PAID = 'paid';
 		public const ORDER_STATUS_REFUNDED = 'refunded';
 		public const ORDER_STATUS_CLOSED = 'closed';
+		public const ORDER_PRODUCT_RESOURCE = 'resource';
 		public static function resolve_order_product_type(string $t, array $m): string { return $t; }
-		public static function order_product_type_labels(): array { return ['reading' => '付费阅读']; }
+		public const ORDER_PRODUCT_READING      = 'reading';
+		public const ORDER_PRODUCT_DOWNLOAD     = 'download';
+		public const ORDER_PRODUCT_IMAGE        = 'image';
+		public const ORDER_PRODUCT_VIDEO        = 'video';
+		public const ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP          = 'vip';
+		public const ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE     = 'recharge';
+		public const ORDER_PRODUCT_POINTS       = 'points';
+		public static function order_product_type_labels(): array {
+			return [
+				self::ORDER_PRODUCT_READING  => '付费阅读',
+				self::ORDER_PRODUCT_DOWNLOAD => '付费下载',
+				self::ORDER_PRODUCT_IMAGE    => '付费图片',
+				self::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIDEO    => '付费视频',
+				self::ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP      => '购买会员',
+				self::ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE => '余额充值',
+				self::ORDER_PRODUCT_POINTS   => '购买积分',
+			];
+		}
+		public static function order_status_labels(): array {
+			return [
+				self::ORDER_STATUS_PENDING   => '待支付',
+				self::ORDER_STATUS_PAID      => '已支付',
+				self::ORDER_STATUS_REFUNDED  => '已退款',
+				self::ORDER_STATUS_CLOSED    => '已关闭',
+			];
+		}
+		public static function order_transitions(): array {
+			return [
+				self::ORDER_STATUS_PENDING => [self::ORDER_STATUS_PAID, self::ORDER_STATUS_CLOSED],
+				self::ORDER_STATUS_PAID => [self::ORDER_STATUS_REFUNDED],
+				self::ORDER_STATUS_REFUNDED => [],
+				self::ORDER_STATUS_CLOSED => [],
+			];
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -151,10 +213,22 @@ namespace {
 			'created_at' => '2026-10-02 11:00:00', 'reviewed_at' => '2026-10-03 09:00:00'],
 	];
 	\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::$orders = [
-		'ORD100' => ['order_number' => 'ORD100', 'user_id' => 3, 'product_id' => 9, 'product_type' => 'reading', 'meta_payload' => [], 'currency' => 'CNY', 'status' => 'paid'],
-		'ORD101' => ['order_number' => 'ORD101', 'user_id' => 4, 'product_id' => 10, 'product_type' => 'reading', 'meta_payload' => [], 'currency' => 'CNY', 'status' => 'paid'],
+		'ORD100' => ['order_number' => 'ORD100', 'user_id' => 3, 'product_id' => 9, 'product_type' => 'reading', 'meta_payload' => ['product_title' => '测试商品'], 'currency' => 'CNY', 'amount' => '12.50', 'payment_method' => 'balance', 'status' => 'paid', 'created_at' => '2026-10-01 09:00:00', 'paid_at' => '2026-10-01 09:05:00'],
+		'ORD101' => ['order_number' => 'ORD101', 'user_id' => 4, 'product_id' => 10, 'product_type' => 'reading', 'meta_payload' => [], 'currency' => 'CNY', 'amount' => '8.00', 'payment_method' => 'balance', 'status' => 'paid', 'created_at' => '2026-10-02 09:00:00', 'paid_at' => '2026-10-02 09:05:00'],
+		'ORD102' => ['order_number' => 'ORD102', 'user_id' => 5, 'product_id' => 11, 'product_type' => 'reading', 'meta_payload' => [], 'currency' => 'CNY', 'amount' => '20.00', 'payment_method' => 'balance', 'status' => 'refunded', 'created_at' => '2026-10-03 09:00:00', 'paid_at' => '2026-10-03 09:05:00'],
+		'ORD103' => ['order_number' => 'ORD103', 'user_id' => 6, 'product_id' => 12, 'product_type' => 'reading', 'meta_payload' => [], 'currency' => 'CNY', 'amount' => '5.00', 'payment_method' => 'balance', 'status' => 'pending', 'created_at' => '2026-10-04 09:00:00', 'paid_at' => ''],
+		'ORD104' => ['order_number' => 'ORD104', 'user_id' => 7, 'product_id' => 13, 'product_type' => 'reading', 'meta_payload' => [], 'currency' => 'CNY', 'amount' => '7.00', 'payment_method' => 'balance', 'status' => 'closed', 'created_at' => '2026-10-05 09:00:00', 'paid_at' => '2026-10-05 09:05:00'],
 	];
 
+	if ($scenario === 'orders') {
+		$_GET = ['page' => 'aksrt_orders'];
+		$pay = AKSRT\Admin\Native\PayOrders::get_instance();
+		ob_start();
+		$pay->render_orders_page();
+		file_put_contents(__DIR__ . '/orders-rendered.html', ob_get_clean());
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
 	if ($scenario !== '') {
 		// The handler ends in exit(), so the call log is flushed on shutdown.
 		register_shutdown_function(static function (): void {
@@ -185,13 +259,39 @@ namespace {
 			case 'bad_status':
 				$_POST = ['after_sale_id' => 5, 'after_sale_status' => 'bogus', 'admin_note' => ''];
 				break;
+			case 'refund_paid':
+				$_POST = ['order_number' => 'ORD100'];
+				break;
+			case 'refund_no_ticket':
+				unset(\AKSRT\Payment\AfterSaleService::$rows[5]);
+				$_POST = ['order_number' => 'ORD100'];
+				break;
+			case 'refund_inactive_ticket':
+				\AKSRT\Payment\AfterSaleService::$rows[5]['status'] = 'completed';
+				$_POST = ['order_number' => 'ORD100'];
+				break;
+			case 'refund_not_paid':
+				\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::$orders['ORD100']['status'] = 'pending';
+				$_POST = ['order_number' => 'ORD100'];
+				break;
+			case 'refund_already_refunded':
+				\AKSRT\Payment\OrderRepository::$orders['ORD100']['status'] = 'refunded';
+				$_POST = ['order_number' => 'ORD100'];
+				break;
+			case 'refund_missing':
+				$_POST = ['order_number' => 'ORDNOPE'];
+				break;
 			default:
 				fwrite(STDERR, "unknown scenario: {$scenario}\n");
 				exit(2);
 		}
 
 		$pay = AKSRT\Admin\Native\PayOrders::get_instance();
-		$pay->handle_after_sale_status();
+		if (str_starts_with($scenario, 'refund')) {
+			$pay->handle_refund_order();
+		} else {
+			$pay->handle_after_sale_status();
+		}
 		// Unreachable: the handler ends in exit().
 	}
 
diff --git a/tests/widget-system/financial-flow-contract.test.cjs b/tests/widget-system/financial-flow-contract.test.cjs
index eddcd4ed..59d0ac8c 100644
--- a/tests/widget-system/financial-flow-contract.test.cjs
+++ b/tests/widget-system/financial-flow-contract.test.cjs
@@ -194,6 +194,29 @@ test('order detail page drops tabs; after-sales becomes a standalone submenu', (
   assert.match(page, /ORDER_PRODUCT_READING[\s\S]*?付费阅读[\s\S]*?ORDER_PRODUCT_DOWNLOAD[\s\S]*?付费下载[\s\S]*?ORDER_PRODUCT_IMAGE[\s\S]*?付费图片[\s\S]*?ORDER_PRODUCT_VIDEO[\s\S]*?付费视频[\s\S]*?ORDER_PRODUCT_VIP[\s\S]*?购买会员[\s\S]*?ORDER_PRODUCT_RECHARGE[\s\S]*?余额充值[\s\S]*?ORDER_PRODUCT_POINTS[\s\S]*?购买积分/)
 })
 
+test('paid orders expose a refund button next to the detail link', () => {
+  const page = read('src/Admin/Native/PayOrders.php')
+  const service = read('src/Payment/AfterSaleService.php')
+  // 「退款」紧跟在「详情」右侧，仅已支付订单可见——已退款是已支付的唯一后继状态
+  assert.match(page, /详情', 'aksrt'\) \. '<\/a>';\s*\n\s*\/\/ 已支付是已退款的唯一前置状态[\s\S]*?aksrt_pay_refund_order/)
+  assert.ok(page.includes("if (\$status_key === \\AKSRT\\Core\\DomainModel::ORDER_STATUS_PAID) {"),
+    'refund button only renders for paid orders')
+  assert.ok(page.includes('aksrt_pay_refund_order_'), 'per-order nonce covers the refund')
+  assert.ok(page.includes("add_action('admin_post_aksrt_pay_refund_order', [\$this, 'handle_refund_order'])"),
+    'refund action registered')
+  assert.ok(page.includes('handle_refund_order'), 'refund handler exists')
+  // 工单号由服务端按订单号反查，客户端只能传订单号
+  assert.ok(page.includes("AfterSaleService::get_instance()->find_active(\$order_number)"),
+    'active after-sale application is resolved server-side')
+  assert.ok(!page.includes('after_sale_id\' => absint'), 'after-sale id is never taken from the request')
+  assert.ok(page.includes("'allow_refund'  => true"), 'refund opts into the guarded transition')
+  // 各种失败都要给出可操作的提示，而不是静默失败
+  for (const code of ['order_refunded', 'order_refund_failed', 'order_refund_missing', 'order_refund_not_paid', 'order_refund_no_ticket']) {
+    assert.ok(page.includes(`'${code}'`), `flash code ${code} is mapped`)
+  }
+  assert.match(service, /public function find_active\(string \$number\)/, 'active application lookup is exposed')
+})
+
 test('order creation retries only on order-number unique key collisions', () => {
   const repository = read('src/Payment/OrderRepositoryCore.php')
   assert.match(repository, /private const ORDER_NUMBER_MAX_ATTEMPTS = \d+;/)